Difference between revisions of "Timeline of psychiatry"

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| Ancient history || Specialty in psychiatry can be traced in Ancient India, with the oldest texts on psychiatry including the ayurvedic text, {{w|Charaka Samhita}}.<ref>{{cite book|title=Cultural Sociology of Mental Illness: An A-to-Z Guide, Volume 1|page=386|publisher={{w|Sage Publications}}|author={{w|Andrew Scull}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Health and Illness: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia|page=42|publisher=ABC-CLIO|author1=David Levinson |author2=Laura Gaccione |year=1997}}</ref> Some of the first hospitals for curing mental illness are established during the 3rd century BCE.<ref>{{cite book|title=Faith and Mental Health: Religious Resources for Healing|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=jt5RmK_h2jgC&pg=PA36 36]|first=Harold G.|last=Koenig|publisher=Templeton Foundation Press|date=2009|isbn=978-1-59947-078-8}}</ref>
 
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| <18 century || Until the 18th century, mental illness is most often seen as demonic possession. However, it gradually comes to be considered as a sickness requiring treatment. Many judge that modern psychiatry is born with the efforts of French physician {{w|Philippe Pinel}} in the late century.<ref name="Psychiatry">{{cite web |title=Psychiatry |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/psychiatry |website=britannica.com |accessdate=5 September 2018}}</ref>
 
| <18 century || Until the 18th century, mental illness is most often seen as demonic possession. However, it gradually comes to be considered as a sickness requiring treatment. Many judge that modern psychiatry is born with the efforts of French physician {{w|Philippe Pinel}} in the late century.<ref name="Psychiatry">{{cite web |title=Psychiatry |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/psychiatry |website=britannica.com |accessdate=5 September 2018}}</ref>

Revision as of 16:37, 4 September 2018

This is a timeline of psychiatry.

Big picture

Time period Development summary
Ancient history Specialty in psychiatry can be traced in Ancient India, with the oldest texts on psychiatry including the ayurvedic text, Charaka Samhita.[1][2] Some of the first hospitals for curing mental illness are established during the 3rd century BCE.[3]
<18 century Until the 18th century, mental illness is most often seen as demonic possession. However, it gradually comes to be considered as a sickness requiring treatment. Many judge that modern psychiatry is born with the efforts of French physician Philippe Pinel in the late century.[4]
19th century Psychiatry gets its name as a medical specialty in the early 1800s. For the first century of its existence, the field concerns itself with severely disordered individuals confined to asylums or hospitals. These patients are generally psychotic, severely depressed or manic, or suffer conditions we would now recognize as medical: dementia, brain tumors, seizures, hypothyroidism, etc.[5] Research and teaching in psychiatry are dominated by the Germans for 100 years, until 1933.[6] Great contributions to the field occur in the late 19th century, when German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin emphasizes a systematic approach to psychiatric diagnosis and classification and Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, who is familiar with neuropathology, developes psychoanalysis as a treatment and research approach.[4]
20th century Around the turn of the century, Sigmund Freud publishes theories on the unconscious roots of some of these less severe disorders, which he terms psycho-neuroses. Psychoanalysis is the dominant paradigm in outpatient psychiatry for the first half of the century. By the late 1950s and early 1960s, new medications begin to change the face of psychiatry.[5]
21st century Pharmaceutical innovation dries up in the 2000s, with no new classes of medication or blockbuster psychiatric drugs being discovered.[5]

Full timeline

Year Event type Details Location
1816 Johann Reil coins the word "psychiatry".[6]
1952 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
1987 Prozac is released.[5]
1990s The U.S. National Institute of Mental Health declares the 1990s the Decade of the Brain "to enhance public awareness of the benefits to be derived from brain research."[5] United States

Meta information on the timeline

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The initial version of the timeline was written by FIXME.

Funding information for this timeline is available.

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See also

External links

References

  1. Andrew Scull. Cultural Sociology of Mental Illness: An A-to-Z Guide, Volume 1. Sage Publications. p. 386. 
  2. David Levinson; Laura Gaccione (1997). Health and Illness: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 42. 
  3. Koenig, Harold G. (2009). Faith and Mental Health: Religious Resources for Healing. Templeton Foundation Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-59947-078-8. 
  4. 4.0 4.1 "Psychiatry". britannica.com. Retrieved 5 September 2018. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 "A brief history of psychiatry". stevenreidbordmd.com. Retrieved 4 September 2018. 
  6. 6.0 6.1 "A History of Psychiatry: From the Era of the Asylum to the Age of Prozac". ps.psychiatryonline.org. Retrieved 4 September 2018.