Difference between revisions of "Timeline of endocrinology"

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| 1934 || || "1934: Surgical Correction of Primary Hyperparathyroidism, Fuller Albright
 
| 1934 || || "1934: Surgical Correction of Primary Hyperparathyroidism, Fuller Albright
 
The report of the seventeen patients operated on for primary hyperparathyroidism published by Fuller Albright (Society President, 1946-1947) in 1934 was the largest series until then. The number of patients in that series diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism had been greatly expanded when Albright had the insight to measure serum calcium values in patients with kidney stones"<ref name="Century of Endocrinology Timeline"/> ||
 
The report of the seventeen patients operated on for primary hyperparathyroidism published by Fuller Albright (Society President, 1946-1947) in 1934 was the largest series until then. The number of patients in that series diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism had been greatly expanded when Albright had the insight to measure serum calcium values in patients with kidney stones"<ref name="Century of Endocrinology Timeline"/> ||
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| 1934 || || " Progesterone was isolated by Butenandt from the corpus luteum in 1934."<ref name="Century of Endocrinology Timeline"/> ||
 
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| 1935 || || Dutch biochemist {{w|Ernst Laqueur}} in {{w|Amsterdam}}  isolates {{w|testosterone}}, and determines its chemical structure.<ref name="Anabolic Steroids and the Athlete, 2d ed.">{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=William N. |title=Anabolic Steroids and the Athlete, 2d ed. |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=OGcQ0Tp2AFcC&pg=PA180&dq=In+1935,+Ernst+Laqueur+testosterone&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjN17m4_aTgAhUZH7kGHQWeBwQQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=In%201935%2C%20Ernst%20Laqueur%20testosterone&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Testosterone: Action, Deficiency, Substitution |edition=Eberhard Nieschlag, Hermann M. Behre, Susan Nieschlag |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=MkrAPaQ4wJkC&pg=PA9&dq=In+1935,+Ernst+Laqueur+testosterone&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjN17m4_aTgAhUZH7kGHQWeBwQQ6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=In%201935%2C%20Ernst%20Laqueur%20testosterone&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Wolf |first1=Michael P. |last2=Koons |first2=Jeremy Randel |title=The Normative and the Natural |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=myL0DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA291&dq=In+1935,+Ernst+Laqueur+testosterone&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjN17m4_aTgAhUZH7kGHQWeBwQQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=In%201935%2C%20Ernst%20Laqueur%20testosterone&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Testosterone: From Basic to Clinical Aspects">{{cite book |title=Testosterone: From Basic to Clinical Aspects |edition=Alexandre Hohl |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Et6TDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8&dq=In+1935,+Ernst+Laqueur+testosterone&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjN17m4_aTgAhUZH7kGHQWeBwQQ6AEIOzAD#v=onepage&q=In%201935%2C%20Ernst%20Laqueur%20testosterone&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Netherlands}}
 
| 1935 || || Dutch biochemist {{w|Ernst Laqueur}} in {{w|Amsterdam}}  isolates {{w|testosterone}}, and determines its chemical structure.<ref name="Anabolic Steroids and the Athlete, 2d ed.">{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=William N. |title=Anabolic Steroids and the Athlete, 2d ed. |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=OGcQ0Tp2AFcC&pg=PA180&dq=In+1935,+Ernst+Laqueur+testosterone&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjN17m4_aTgAhUZH7kGHQWeBwQQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=In%201935%2C%20Ernst%20Laqueur%20testosterone&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Testosterone: Action, Deficiency, Substitution |edition=Eberhard Nieschlag, Hermann M. Behre, Susan Nieschlag |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=MkrAPaQ4wJkC&pg=PA9&dq=In+1935,+Ernst+Laqueur+testosterone&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjN17m4_aTgAhUZH7kGHQWeBwQQ6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=In%201935%2C%20Ernst%20Laqueur%20testosterone&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Wolf |first1=Michael P. |last2=Koons |first2=Jeremy Randel |title=The Normative and the Natural |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=myL0DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA291&dq=In+1935,+Ernst+Laqueur+testosterone&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjN17m4_aTgAhUZH7kGHQWeBwQQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=In%201935%2C%20Ernst%20Laqueur%20testosterone&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Testosterone: From Basic to Clinical Aspects">{{cite book |title=Testosterone: From Basic to Clinical Aspects |edition=Alexandre Hohl |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Et6TDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8&dq=In+1935,+Ernst+Laqueur+testosterone&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjN17m4_aTgAhUZH7kGHQWeBwQQ6AEIOzAD#v=onepage&q=In%201935%2C%20Ernst%20Laqueur%20testosterone&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Netherlands}}
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| 1937 || Scientific development || Ruzicka, Butendant and Hanisch synthesize {{w|testosterone}} from {{w|cholesterol}}.<ref name="Anabolic Steroids and the Athlete, 2d ed."/> ||
 
| 1937 || Scientific development || Ruzicka, Butendant and Hanisch synthesize {{w|testosterone}} from {{w|cholesterol}}.<ref name="Anabolic Steroids and the Athlete, 2d ed."/> ||
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| 1939 || || "In 1939, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was divided equally between Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt "for his work on sex hormones"and Leopold Ruzicka "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes"" ||
 
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| 1941 || Literature (journal) || The ''Journal of Clinical Endocrinology'' is launched.<ref name="A History of Endocrinologyv">{{cite book |last1=Medvei |first1=V.C. |title=A History of Endocrinology |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=1OW9BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA505&dq=%22endocrinology%22+%22in+1930..1939%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicmO3NwaXgAhXHHrkGHUWCC2EQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22endocrinology%22%20%22in%201930..1939%22&f=false}}</ref> ||
 
| 1941 || Literature (journal) || The ''Journal of Clinical Endocrinology'' is launched.<ref name="A History of Endocrinologyv">{{cite book |last1=Medvei |first1=V.C. |title=A History of Endocrinology |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=1OW9BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA505&dq=%22endocrinology%22+%22in+1930..1939%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicmO3NwaXgAhXHHrkGHUWCC2EQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22endocrinology%22%20%22in%201930..1939%22&f=false}}</ref> ||

Revision as of 14:27, 5 February 2019

This is a timeline of endocrinology.

Big picture

Time period Development summary
20th century The 1910s and 1920s is considered the era of purification of hormones. The 1930s is the era of steroid hormone discovery, the 1940s is the era of endocrine disease, description and therapeutic advances, the 1950s is the era of synthetic hormone production, the 1960s and 1970s is the era of releasing hormones and hormone receptor signaling pathways, 1980s is the era of peptide hormone gene cloning and advent of recombinant hormone therapy, the 1990s is the era of hormone and soluble factor production by many tissues.[1]
21st century The 2000s is the era of genetics and endocrine physiology and disease, the 2010s is the era of integration of endocrine physiology and pathophysiology.[1]

Full timeline

Year Event type Details Location
1865 " French physiologist Claude Bernard (1813-1878). In 1865 Bernard published his landmark treatise “An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine” in which he introduced the concept of “milieu interieur” (internal milieu) and the importance of endocrine systems in keeping this constant."[1]
1885 "Bernard, Claude (1813-1878), Claude Bernard invented the term ‘internal secretion’, showing that the body can both break down and build up, complex chemical substances"[2]
1895 "Adrenaline was the first hormone to be isolated."[2]
1901 "Takamine, Jokichi (1854-1922).Isolation of adrenaline in crystalline form from the adrenal medulla.The blood-pressure-raising principle of the suprarenal glands."[2]
1902 "Ernest Starling and William Bayliss isolated secretin, the first substance to be called a hormone."[2]
1902 "Pavlov developed a theory of nerve regulation of salivary and alimentary glands. He included the regulation of the pancreas in his theory."[2]
1904 "Bayliss and Starling developed the theory of hormonal control of internal secretion"[2]
1910 "Biedl, Artur (1869-1933), Biedl showed that the adrenal cortex is essential for life. His classic work shows the rapid development of the knowledge of endocrinology."[2]
1914 "biochemist Edward C. Kendall isolated thyroxine in crystalline form on Christmas Day, 1914."[1]
1915 "Cannon, Walter Bradford (1871-1945), Cannon showed the close connection between the endocrine glands and the emotions."[2]
1916 Organization The Endocrine Society is founded. It is a professional, international medical organization in the field of endocrinology and metabolism.[3] United States
1916 "1916: Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus by Elliott Joslin First Published"
1917 Literature (journal) Scientific journal Endocrinology is launched by the Endocrine Society.[4] United States
1920 "Human growth hormone is discovered by Evans and Long."[2]
1921 "Banting, Frederick & Mcleod, JJ & Best, Charles, The Canadians Banting, McLeod and Best succeeded in lowering the level of blood-sugar when they used insulin to control the carbohydrate metabolism."[2]
1923 Canadian medical scientist Frederick Banting and John Mcleod are awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the discovery of insulin.[5]
1923 Organization The American Thyroid Association is founded.[6] It is a non-profit, all-volunteer professional organization with over 1,700 members from 43 countries around the world.[7] United States
1923 "Eli Lilly and Company and Nordisk Insulinlaboratorium began commercial production of insulin."[1]
1925 "James B. Collip (Society President, 1925-1926) isolated parathyroid hormone and with Leitch used in the treatment of tetany. Collip JB 1925 The extraction of a parathyroid hormone which will prevent or control parathyroid tetany and which regulates the level of blood calcium. Journal of Biological Chemistry 63 395–438."[1]
1926 British chemist Charles Harington successfully synthesizes thyroxine.[1][8][9] United Kingdom
1929 "Walter B. Cannon (Society President, 1921-1922) coins the term "homeostasis" for "same" and "steady". This important concept highlighted the critical role of negative feedback in governing endocrine physiology. "[1]
1929 "C.F. and G.T. Cori proposed the theory of the Cori Cycle. The Cori Cycle refers to the phases in the metabolism of carbohydrates in which muscles convert glycogen to lactic acid, which is carried by the blood to the liver where it is converted to glycogen then broken down to glucose that, in turn, is carried by the blood to muscles, where it is converted to glycogen and used as an energy source for muscular activity."[1]
1929 Scientific development Adolf Butenandt and American biochemist Edward Adelbert Doisy isolate estrone simultaneously but independently.[10][11][12][13] Germany, United States
1931 Scientific development German biochemist Adolf Butenandt isolates the androgenic steroid androsterone.[14] Germany
1933 Scientific development American biologist Oscar Riddle and colleagues identify and isolate the pituitary hormone prolactin.[15][16][17] United States
1933 "Dr. Oscar Riddle (Society President, 1928-1929) and colleagues identified and assayed prolactin."[1]
1934 "1934: Surgical Correction of Primary Hyperparathyroidism, Fuller Albright

The report of the seventeen patients operated on for primary hyperparathyroidism published by Fuller Albright (Society President, 1946-1947) in 1934 was the largest series until then. The number of patients in that series diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism had been greatly expanded when Albright had the insight to measure serum calcium values in patients with kidney stones"[1] ||

1934 " Progesterone was isolated by Butenandt from the corpus luteum in 1934."[1]
1935 Dutch biochemist Ernst Laqueur in Amsterdam isolates testosterone, and determines its chemical structure.[18][19][20][14] Netherlands
1935 "1935: Discovery of Cortisone

The adrenocortical hormones, cortisone and cortisol, were discovered between 1935 and 1938. E.C. Kendall first isolated Compound E (later renamed cortisone) in 1935 from bovine adrenal glands along with a series of structurally related steroids (including cortisol, then named compound F) capable of improving muscular strength when administered to adrenalectomised rats or dogs"[1] ||

1937 Scientific development Ruzicka, Butendant and Hanisch synthesize testosterone from cholesterol.[18]
1939 "In 1939, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was divided equally between Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt "for his work on sex hormones"and Leopold Ruzicka "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes""
1941 Literature (journal) The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology is launched.[21]
1946 Organization The Society for Endocrinology is founded. It is an international membership organization, supporting scientists, clinicians and nurses who work with hormones throughout their careers.[22] United Kingdom
1947 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded to American biochemists Carl and Gerty Cori "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen", and to Argentine biochemist Bernardo Houssay "for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar."[23]
1949 "Kendall, Edward C isolated and crystallized the active principle of the thyroid, named thyroxin. In 1949, he discovered that cortisone could relieve symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis."[2]
1950 American chemist Edward Calvin Kendall, Polish-Swiss chemist Tadeus Reichstein and American physician Philip Showalter Hench are awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects."[24]
1965 Organization The European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) is founded in Copenhagen.[25] Denmark
1979 Organization The Max Planck Institute of Experimental Endocrinology is founded.
1980 Organization "BIRDEM, the Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders" Bangladesh
1987 Literature (journal) Molecular Endocrinology.
2010 Literature (journal) Hormones and Cancer

Meta information on the timeline

How the timeline was built

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See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 "Century of Endocrinology Timeline". endocrine.org. Retrieved 15 January 2019. 
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 "History of Hormones". media.timetoast.com. Retrieved 5 February 2019. 
  3. ↑ "History of the Endocrine Society". endocrine.org. Retrieved 5 February 2019. 
  4. ↑ "The Endocrine Society The First Forty Years (1917-1957)". academic.oup.com. Retrieved 5 February 2019. 
  5. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 5 February 2019. 
  6. ↑ "American Thyroid Association Timeline". thyroid.org. Retrieved 5 February 2019. 
  7. ↑ "American Thyroid Association". touchendocrinology.com. Retrieved 5 February 2019. 
  8. ↑ Science News. 
  9. ↑ Biochemical journal, Volume 129, Issue 3. 
  10. ↑ Laylin, James K. Nobel Laureates in Chemistry, 1901-1992. 
  11. ↑ Huggins, Charles. Experimental Leukemia and Mammary Cancer: Induction, Prevention, Cure. 
  12. ↑ Fox, Daniel M.; Meldrum, Marcia; Rezak, Ira. Nobel Laureates in Medicine or Physiology: A Biographical Dictionary. 
  13. ↑ Siegel Watkins, Elizabeth. The Estrogen Elixir: A History of Hormone Replacement Therapy in America. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Testosterone: From Basic to Clinical Aspects (Alexandre Hohl ed.). 
  15. ↑ Office of the Home Secretary, National Academy of Sciences. 
  16. ↑ Medvei, V.C. A History of Endocrinology. 
  17. ↑ Die Drüsen mit innerer Sekretion: Ihre physiologische und therapeutische Bedeutung. Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry (American Medical Association). 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Taylor, William N. Anabolic Steroids and the Athlete, 2d ed. 
  19. ↑ Testosterone: Action, Deficiency, Substitution (Eberhard Nieschlag, Hermann M. Behre, Susan Nieschlag ed.). 
  20. ↑ Wolf, Michael P.; Koons, Jeremy Randel. The Normative and the Natural. 
  21. ↑ Medvei, V.C. A History of Endocrinology. 
  22. ↑ "Society for Endocrinology". endocrinology.org. Retrieved 5 February 2019. 
  23. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 5 February 2019. 
  24. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 5 February 2019. 
  25. ↑ "The European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology". eurospe.org. Retrieved 5 February 2019. 
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