Timeline of malnutrition: Difference between revisions

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** Sort the full timeline by "Category" and look for the group of rows with value "{{w|General}}".
** Sort the full timeline by "Category" and look for the group of rows with value "{{w|General}}".
** You will mostly see events covering milestones in nutrient research, as well as publications and organizations aimed at nutrition safety.  
** You will mostly see events covering milestones in nutrient research, as well as publications and organizations aimed at nutrition safety.  
* What events are related to the discovery and other scientific milestones related too vitamins?
* What events are related to the discovery and other scientific milestones related to vitamins?
** Sort the full timeline by "Nutrient type" and look for the group of rows with value "{{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|vitamin}})".
** Sort the full timeline by "Nutrient type" and look for the group of rows with value "{{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|vitamin}})".
** Sort the full timeline by "Nutrient type" and look for the group of rows with value "{{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|vitamin deficiency}})", for the specific topic of deficiency.
** Sort the full timeline by "Nutrient type" and look for the group of rows with value "{{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|vitamin deficiency}})", for the specific topic of deficiency.
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| c.10,000 BC onwards || Post {{w|First Agricultural Revolution}} era || An increase in food production is followed by a population increase, making hunting and gathering an impossible return for most of the world due to the size of human density. This time represents a change in diet and nutrition, which becomes less rich due to the proliferation of {{w|monoculture}}. Famines abound as a consequence of several risks carried by agriculture, like droughts and floods.<ref name="Was the Agricultural Revolution a Massive Fraud?"/><ref name="An Urban's Rural View"/>  
| c.10,000 BC onwards || Post {{w|First Agricultural Revolution}} era || An increase in food production is followed by a population increase, making hunting and gathering an impossible return for most of the world due to the size of human density. This time represents a change in diet and nutrition, which becomes less rich due to the proliferation of {{w|monoculture}}. Famines abound as a consequence of several risks carried by agriculture, like droughts and floods.<ref name="Was the Agricultural Revolution a Massive Fraud?"/><ref name="An Urban's Rural View"/>  
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| c.18th–19th centuries onwards || Liberal capitalist era || A spectacular growth of wealth is experienced in this era. Capitalism creates abundance unmatched in human history. Famine becomes rare in those countries adopting free market.
| c.18th–19th centuries onwards || Liberal capitalist era || A spectacular growth of wealth is experienced in this era. Capitalism creates abundance unmatched in human history. Famine becomes rare in those countries adopting the free market.
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| Mid 20th century onwards || Raise of {{w|overnutrition}} || Modern food production system, focused on increasing output, successfully meets, and even exceeds, the nutritional needs of consumers in developed countries. Not only it satisfies energy, protein and fat requirements, but it reduces real prices of food. One of the consequences of this is the raise of overnutrition among the population for the first time in human history.<ref name="Over-nutrition?">{{cite web |title=Over-nutrition? |url=http://oecdobserver.org/news/archivestory.php/aid/3215/Over-nutrition_.html |website=oecdobserver.org |accessdate=31 December 2019}}</ref>
| Mid 20th century onwards || Raise of {{w|overnutrition}} || Modern food production system, focused on increasing output, successfully meets, and even exceeds, the nutritional needs of consumers in developed countries. Not only it satisfies energy, protein and fat requirements, but it reduces real prices of food. One of the consequences of this is the rise of overnutrition among the population for the first time in human history.<ref name="Over-nutrition?">{{cite web |title=Over-nutrition? |url=http://oecdobserver.org/news/archivestory.php/aid/3215/Over-nutrition_.html |website=oecdobserver.org |accessdate=31 December 2019}}</ref>
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| 1575 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} || Medical development || {{w|Atherosclerosis}} is first described.<ref name=Al2008>{{cite book|last1=Shor|first1=Allan| name-list-format = vanc |title=Chlamydia Atherosclerosis Lesion: Discovery, Diagnosis and Treatment|date=2008|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781846288104|pages=8|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZEIAhmr7jOMC&pg=PA8|language=en}}</ref> ||
| 1575 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} || Medical development || {{w|Atherosclerosis}} is first described.<ref name=Al2008>{{cite book|last1=Shor|first1=Allan| name-list-format = vanc |title=Chlamydia Atherosclerosis Lesion: Discovery, Diagnosis and Treatment|date=2008|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781846288104|pages=8|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZEIAhmr7jOMC&pg=PA8|language=en}}</ref> ||
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| 1600 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} (calory) || Medical development || the term '{{w|Marasmus}}' is first introduced by Soranio to describe the condition of infants who suffer essentially from starvation.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jelliffe |first1=Derrick Brian |title=Infant nutrition in the sub-tropics and tropics, Issue 29, Part 1 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=08psAAAAMAAJ&q=%22marasmus+was+first%22&dq=%22marasmus+was+first%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2zKKTlo7pAhVMGbkGHQOBA4AQ6AEIKDAA}}</ref><ref name="shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in">{{cite web |title=REVIEW OF LITERATURE |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/113819/7/07_chapter%202.pdf |website=shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in |accessdate=29 April 2020}}</ref> ||
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| 1620 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || {{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|vitamin deficiency}}) || Medical development || An English bonesetter by name "Rickets" becomes famous for his diagnosis and treatment of {{w|vitamin D}} deficiency and his name becomes associated with the disease.<ref name="M L">{{cite book |last1=Kulkarni |first1=M L |title=Vitamins in Health & Disease |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=wl-11EtNti8C&pg=PA42&dq=%22Rickets%22+%22vitamin+D%22+%22in+1700..1950%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRg4fpy__nAhWSDbkGHdqbBnQQ6AEIOzAC#v=onepage&q=%22Rickets%22%20%22vitamin%20D%22%20%22in%201700..1950%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
| 1620 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || {{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|vitamin deficiency}}) || Medical development || An English bonesetter by name "Rickets" becomes famous for his diagnosis and treatment of {{w|vitamin D}} deficiency and his name becomes associated with the disease.<ref name="M L">{{cite book |last1=Kulkarni |first1=M L |title=Vitamins in Health & Disease |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=wl-11EtNti8C&pg=PA42&dq=%22Rickets%22+%22vitamin+D%22+%22in+1700..1950%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRg4fpy__nAhWSDbkGHdqbBnQQ6AEIOzAC#v=onepage&q=%22Rickets%22%20%22vitamin%20D%22%20%22in%201700..1950%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
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| 1865 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|Mineral}}) || Medical development || {{w|HFE hereditary haemochromatosis}} is first described by {{w|Armand Trousseau}} in a report on diabetes in patients presenting with a bronze pigmentation of their skin. It is related to excess of {{w|iron}}.<ref name=Trousseau_1865>{{cite journal | author = Trousseau A| title = Glycosurie, diabète sucré | journal = Clinique Médicale de l'Hôtel-Dieu de Paris | year = 1865 | volume = 2| pages = 663–98 | url= }}</ref> ||
| 1865 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|Mineral}}) || Medical development || {{w|HFE hereditary haemochromatosis}} is first described by {{w|Armand Trousseau}} in a report on diabetes in patients presenting with a bronze pigmentation of their skin. It is related to excess of {{w|iron}}.<ref name=Trousseau_1865>{{cite journal | author = Trousseau A| title = Glycosurie, diabète sucré | journal = Clinique Médicale de l'Hôtel-Dieu de Paris | year = 1865 | volume = 2| pages = 663–98 | url= }}</ref> ||
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| 1868 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Medical development || {{w|Anorexia nervosa}} is first given its name by English physician {{w|William Gull}} at Guy's Hospital, London.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anorexia Nervosa |url=https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/anorexianervosa.htm |website=medindia.net |accessdate=29 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
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| 1869 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || {{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|mineral deficiency}}) || Scientific development || {{w|Zinc deficiency}}. Significant historical events related to zinc deficiency begin when zinc is first discovered to be essential to the growth of an organism ''{{w|Aspergillus niger}}''.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Raulin J | year = 1869 | title = Chemical studies on vegetation | journal = Annales des Sciences Naturelles | volume = 11 | pages = 293–299 }}</ref> ||
| 1869 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || {{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|mineral deficiency}}) || Scientific development || {{w|Zinc deficiency}}. Significant historical events related to zinc deficiency begin when zinc is first discovered to be essential to the growth of an organism ''{{w|Aspergillus niger}}''.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Raulin J | year = 1869 | title = Chemical studies on vegetation | journal = Annales des Sciences Naturelles | volume = 11 | pages = 293–299 }}</ref> ||
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| 1870 || General || {{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|vitamin}}) || Scientific development || {{w|Niacin}} chemical structure is first described. The vitamin is also first synthesized.<ref name="Semba"/> ||  
| 1870 || General || {{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|vitamin}}) || Scientific development || {{w|Niacin}} chemical structure is first described. The vitamin is also first synthesized.<ref name="Semba"/> ||  
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| 1874 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Medical development || {{w|Anorexia nervosa}} is first documented medically.<ref>{{cite book |title=Sport and Exercise Psychology: The Key Concepts |edition=Ellis Cashmore |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=lOyCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=%22anorexia+was+first%22&source=bl&ots=E9KlAB7N9x&sig=ACfU3U3rIuSF9vvaMW2gJ7YOje9QCUOGDQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjk-Z-smI7pAhV-JLkGHSPyC-wQ6AEwAnoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22anorexia%20was%20first%22&f=false}}</ref> ||
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| 1875 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || {{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|vitamin deficiency}}) || Medical development || Pepper reports bone marrow abnormalities in pernicious anemia patients.<ref name="Mineral Nutrition History"/> ||
| 1875 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || {{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|vitamin deficiency}}) || Medical development || Pepper reports bone marrow abnormalities in pernicious anemia patients.<ref name="Mineral Nutrition History"/> ||
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| 1903 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || General || Medical development || {{w|Bulimia Nervosa}} is first described in detail by French psychologist {{w|Pierre Janet}} in his publication ''Obsessions et la Psychasthenie''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Is Bulimia Genetic? |url=https://www.waldeneatingdisorders.com/blog/is-bulimia-genetic/ |website=waldeneatingdisorders.com |accessdate=29 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|France}} 
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| 1906 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} (calory) || Medical development || The term 'starchy food dystrophy' is used by Czerny and Keller for what is now commonly known as {{w|marasmus}}.<ref name="shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in"/> ||
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| 1907 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || {{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|vitamin deficiency}}) || Scientific development || Axel Holst and Theodor Frölich develop the guinea pig model for {{w|scurvy}}, which represents a major step toward the understanding of {{w|vitamin C}}.<ref name="Semba">{{cite journal |last1=Semba |first1=Richard D. |title=The Historical Evolution of Thought Regarding Multiple Micronutrient Nutrition |doi=10.3945/jn.110.137745|url=https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/142/1/143S/4630750}}</ref> ||
| 1907 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || {{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|vitamin deficiency}}) || Scientific development || Axel Holst and Theodor Frölich develop the guinea pig model for {{w|scurvy}}, which represents a major step toward the understanding of {{w|vitamin C}}.<ref name="Semba">{{cite journal |last1=Semba |first1=Richard D. |title=The Historical Evolution of Thought Regarding Multiple Micronutrient Nutrition |doi=10.3945/jn.110.137745|url=https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/142/1/143S/4630750}}</ref> ||
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| 1921 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|vitamin}}) || Diet introduction || The first fast-food hamburger chain, {{w|White Castle}}, is founded in {{w|Wichita, Kansas}}.<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic">{{cite web |title=Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic |url=https://blogs.uoregon.edu/charligf13gateway/timeline/ |website=blogs.uoregon.edu |accessdate=9 December 2019}}</ref> ||
| 1921 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|vitamin}}) || Diet introduction || The first fast-food hamburger chain, {{w|White Castle}}, is founded in {{w|Wichita, Kansas}}.<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic">{{cite web |title=Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic |url=https://blogs.uoregon.edu/charligf13gateway/timeline/ |website=blogs.uoregon.edu |accessdate=9 December 2019}}</ref> ||
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| 1921 || General || General || Medical development || The {{w|corpulence index}} is first proposed as the "Corpulence measure" by Swiss physician {{w|Fritz Rohrer}}.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Der Index der Körperfülle als Maß des Ernährungszustandes|author=F. Rohrer|journal=Münchner Med. WSCHR|volume=68|year=1921|pages=580–582}}</ref> ||
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| 1922 || General || {{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|vitamin}}) || Scientific development || Vitamin E (Tocopherol) is discovered.<ref name="Alexandru Grumezescu"/> ||
| 1922 || General || {{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|vitamin}}) || Scientific development || Vitamin E (Tocopherol) is discovered.<ref name="Alexandru Grumezescu"/> ||
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| 1971 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Organization (charity) || {{w|Food for the Hungry}} is founded. An international relief and development organization, it operates in more than 26 countries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Food for the Hungry |url=https://issuu.com/foodforthehungry |website=issuu.com |accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=LARRY WARD |url=https://www.fh.org/about/history/larry-ward/ |website=fh.org |accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> ||
| 1971 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Organization (charity) || {{w|Food for the Hungry}} is founded. An international relief and development organization, it operates in more than 26 countries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Food for the Hungry |url=https://issuu.com/foodforthehungry |website=issuu.com |accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=LARRY WARD |url=https://www.fh.org/about/history/larry-ward/ |website=fh.org |accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> ||
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| 1972 || General || General || Medical development || The {{w|body mass index}} (BMI) is first used under that name. It is based on the work of Belgian math expert {{w|Adolphe Quetelet}} (1796–1874), who figured out that an individual weight should be in proportion with his/her height and created the formula used for BMI.<ref>{{cite web |title=5 questions about BMI |url=https://www.mdanderson.org/publications/focused-on-health/5-questions-about-bmi.h15-1592991.html |website=mdanderson.org |accessdate=29 April 2020}}</ref> ||
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| 1973 || General || || Regulation || The United States {{w|Food and Drug Administration}} creates the first regulations that require the nutrition labeling of foods. These regulations make any foods that are advertised or labeled based on their nutritional value to provide full nutrition facts.<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic"/> || {{w|United States}}
| 1973 || General || || Regulation || The United States {{w|Food and Drug Administration}} creates the first regulations that require the nutrition labeling of foods. These regulations make any foods that are advertised or labeled based on their nutritional value to provide full nutrition facts.<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic"/> || {{w|United States}}
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| 1979 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || General || Organization (charity) || {{w|Feed the Children}} is founded. It is a non-profit organization focused on alleviating childhood hunger.<ref>{{cite web |title=Feed the Children |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/feed-the-children/#4901991567ad |website=forbes.com |accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Feed the Children |url=https://www.feedthechildren.org/about/ |website=feedthechildren.org |accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
| 1979 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || General || Organization (charity) || {{w|Feed the Children}} is founded. It is a non-profit organization focused on alleviating childhood hunger.<ref>{{cite web |title=Feed the Children |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/feed-the-children/#4901991567ad |website=forbes.com |accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Feed the Children |url=https://www.feedthechildren.org/about/ |website=feedthechildren.org |accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
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| 1979 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || General || Medical development || {{w|Bulimia nervosa}} is described by British psychiatrist {{w|Gerald Russell}} as a "chronic phase of anorexia nervosa" in which patients overeat and then use compensatory mechanisms, such as self-induced vomiting, laxatives, or prolonged periods of starvation.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Castillo |first1=M |last2=Weiselberg |first2=E |title=Bulimia Nervosa/Purging Disorder. |doi=10.1016/j.cppeds.2017.02.004 |pmid=28532966 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28532966}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
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| 1979 || General || General || Organization || The {{w|Federation of European Nutrition Societies}} is established to support the European nutritional science community and European Nutrition Conferences.<ref>{{cite web |title=Federation of European Nutrition Societies |url=https://fensnutrition.org/membership/ |website=fensnutrition.org |accessdate=16 April 2020}}</ref> ||
| 1979 || General || General || Organization || The {{w|Federation of European Nutrition Societies}} is established to support the European nutritional science community and European Nutrition Conferences.<ref>{{cite web |title=Federation of European Nutrition Societies |url=https://fensnutrition.org/membership/ |website=fensnutrition.org |accessdate=16 April 2020}}</ref> ||
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| 1980 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Organization (charity) || {{w|Food Not Bombs}} is founded by a group of anti-nuclear activists protesting against corporate and government priorities which allow hunger to persist in the midst of abundance.<ref>{{cite web |title=The first thirty years of the Food Not Bombs movement. |url=http://foodnotbombs.net/story_of_food_not_bombs.html |website=foodnotbombs.net |accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Food Not Bombs Story |url=http://www.shifz.org/puzzle/fnb.html |website=shifz.org |accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
| 1980 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || General || Organization (charity) || {{w|Food Not Bombs}} is founded by a group of anti-nuclear activists protesting against corporate and government priorities which allow hunger to persist in the midst of abundance.<ref>{{cite web |title=The first thirty years of the Food Not Bombs movement. |url=http://foodnotbombs.net/story_of_food_not_bombs.html |website=foodnotbombs.net |accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Food Not Bombs Story |url=http://www.shifz.org/puzzle/fnb.html |website=shifz.org |accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
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| 1980 || General || || Organization || The {{w|European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism}} is established. It studies metabolic problems associated with acute diseases and their nutritional implications and management.<ref>{{cite web |title=European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100064810 |website=uia.org |accessdate=17 April 2020}}</ref> ||
| 1980 || General || General || Organization || The {{w|European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism}} is established. It studies metabolic problems associated with acute diseases and their nutritional implications and management.<ref>{{cite web |title=European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100064810 |website=uia.org |accessdate=17 April 2020}}</ref> ||
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| 1980 || General || General || Publication || Dietary Guidelines for Americans is published. It is one of the earliest such national guidelines.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dietary Guidelines 1980 |url=https://www.fns.usda.gov/dietary-guidelines-1980 |website=fns.usda.gov |accessdate=25 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
| 1980 || General || General || Publication || Dietary Guidelines for Americans is published. It is one of the earliest such national guidelines.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dietary Guidelines 1980 |url=https://www.fns.usda.gov/dietary-guidelines-1980 |website=fns.usda.gov |accessdate=25 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
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| 1982 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} || Organization || {{w|The Obesity Society}} is founded. It is focused on obesity science, treatment and prevention.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our “About Us” Page … Is Really About You |url=https://www.obesity.org/about-us/ |website=obesity.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Scherer |first1=Lauri S. |title=Obesity |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=FIVmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA107&dq=1982+The+Obesity+Society&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjB1KWHhrjmAhWQHbkGHd10BhQQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=1982%20The%20Obesity%20Society&f=false}}</ref> ||
| 1982 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} || Organization || {{w|The Obesity Society}} is founded. It is focused on obesity science, treatment and prevention.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our “About Us” Page … Is Really About You |url=https://www.obesity.org/about-us/ |website=obesity.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Scherer |first1=Lauri S. |title=Obesity |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=FIVmDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA107&dq=1982+The+Obesity+Society&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjB1KWHhrjmAhWQHbkGHd10BhQQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=1982%20The%20Obesity%20Society&f=false}}</ref> ||
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| 1982 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Organization (charity) || {{w|City Harvest (United States)}}.<ref>{{cite book |title=Savoring Gotham: A Food Lover's Companion to New York City |edition=Andrew F. Smith |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=NNieCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA281&lpg=PA281&dq=1982+City+Harvest&source=bl&ots=L0ZMEovgQF&sig=ACfU3U1ukXZZMsDn47kQJHLWiBBttOf9MQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOveCbg-voAhXMHLkGHUasCHQQ6AEwCXoECAwQKQ#v=onepage&q=1982%20City%20Harvest&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Meeting the Dietary Needs of Older Adults: Exploring the Impact of the Physical, Social, and Cultural Environment: Workshop Summary |publisher=National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Food and Nutrition Board |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=GPOsDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA98&lpg=PA98&dq=1982+City+Harvest&source=bl&ots=3P5G4TBTal&sig=ACfU3U2lRRQoJgCiy8yJHLFgDSMRt3DIzA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOveCbg-voAhXMHLkGHUasCHQQ6AEwCnoECAwQLg#v=onepage&q=1982%20City%20Harvest&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
| 1982 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || General || Organization (charity) || [[w:City Harvest (United States)|City Harvest]] is founded. A [[w:501(c)(3) organization|501(c)3]] nonprofit, it is {{w|New York City}}'s largest food rescue organization.<ref>{{cite book |title=Savoring Gotham: A Food Lover's Companion to New York City |edition=Andrew F. Smith |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=NNieCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA281&lpg=PA281&dq=1982+City+Harvest&source=bl&ots=L0ZMEovgQF&sig=ACfU3U1ukXZZMsDn47kQJHLWiBBttOf9MQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOveCbg-voAhXMHLkGHUasCHQQ6AEwCXoECAwQKQ#v=onepage&q=1982%20City%20Harvest&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Meeting the Dietary Needs of Older Adults: Exploring the Impact of the Physical, Social, and Cultural Environment: Workshop Summary |publisher=National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Food and Nutrition Board |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=GPOsDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA98&lpg=PA98&dq=1982+City+Harvest&source=bl&ots=3P5G4TBTal&sig=ACfU3U2lRRQoJgCiy8yJHLFgDSMRt3DIzA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOveCbg-voAhXMHLkGHUasCHQQ6AEwCnoECAwQLg#v=onepage&q=1982%20City%20Harvest&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
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| 1985 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Organization || The {{w|Famine Early Warning Systems Network}} is created by the {{w|United States Agency for International Development}}. It is a leading provider of early warning and analysis on acute food insecurity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Famine Early Warning Systems Network |url=https://ec.europa.eu/knowledge4policy/organisation/famine-early-warning-systems-network_en |website=ec.europa.eu |accessdate=4 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=FAMINE EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS NETWORK |url=https://www.usaid.gov/results-and-data/data-resources/fews-net |website=usaid.gov |accessdate=4 March 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
| 1985 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || General || Organization || The {{w|Famine Early Warning Systems Network}} is created by the {{w|United States Agency for International Development}}. It is a leading provider of early warning and analysis on acute food insecurity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Famine Early Warning Systems Network |url=https://ec.europa.eu/knowledge4policy/organisation/famine-early-warning-systems-network_en |website=ec.europa.eu |accessdate=4 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=FAMINE EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS NETWORK |url=https://www.usaid.gov/results-and-data/data-resources/fews-net |website=usaid.gov |accessdate=4 March 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
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| 1985 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || General || Organization (charity) || {{w|Project Open Hand}} is founded in {{w|San Francisco}}. It provides meals to sick and vulnerable people.<ref>{{cite web |title=ABOUT US |url=https://www.openhand.org/about-us |website=openhand.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Project Open Hand Turns 30: An Iconic San Francisco Nonprofit Looks Forward |url=https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/95680/project-open-hand-turns-30-an-iconic-san-francisco-nonprofit-looks-forward |website=kqed.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Project Open Hand Expands Services, Launches Food = Medicine Pilot Study |url=http://sfbaytimes.com/project-open-hand-expands-services-launches-food-medicine-pilot-study/ |website=sfbaytimes.com/ |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
| 1985 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || General || Organization (charity) || {{w|Project Open Hand}} is founded in {{w|San Francisco}}. It provides meals to sick and vulnerable people.<ref>{{cite web |title=ABOUT US |url=https://www.openhand.org/about-us |website=openhand.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Project Open Hand Turns 30: An Iconic San Francisco Nonprofit Looks Forward |url=https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/95680/project-open-hand-turns-30-an-iconic-san-francisco-nonprofit-looks-forward |website=kqed.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Project Open Hand Expands Services, Launches Food = Medicine Pilot Study |url=http://sfbaytimes.com/project-open-hand-expands-services-launches-food-medicine-pilot-study/ |website=sfbaytimes.com/ |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
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| 1986 || General || General || Program launch || The {{w|WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition}} is initiated to compile, systematize, and disseminate widely the results of anthropometric surveys performed in both developing and developed countries.<ref>{{cite web |last1=de Onis |first1=M. |last2=Monteiro |first2=C. |last3=Akré |first3=J. |last4=Clugston |first4=G. |title=The worldwide magnitude of protein-energy malnutrition: an overview from the WHO Global Database on Child Growth |url=https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/en/childgrowth_database_overview.pdf |website=who.int |accessdate=10 April 2020}}</ref> ||
| 1986 || General || General || Program launch || The {{w|WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition}} is initiated to compile, systematize, and disseminate widely the results of anthropometric surveys performed in both developing and developed countries.<ref>{{cite web |last1=de Onis |first1=M. |last2=Monteiro |first2=C. |last3=Akré |first3=J. |last4=Clugston |first4=G. |title=The worldwide magnitude of protein-energy malnutrition: an overview from the WHO Global Database on Child Growth |url=https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/en/childgrowth_database_overview.pdf |website=who.int |accessdate=10 April 2020}}</ref> ||
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| 1986 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || Micronutrient ({{w|Mineral deficiency}}) || Organization || The {{w|Iodine Global Network}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the IGN |url=https://www.ign.org/about.htm |website=ign.org |accessdate=16 April 2020}}</ref> It describes itself as a "{{w|non-profit}}, {{w|non-government organization}} for the sustainable elimination of {{w|iodine deficiency}} worldwide.<ref name=about>{{cite web|url=http://www.iccidd.org/p142000253.html|title = ICCIDD Global network|publisher = International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders|accessdate = 17 April 2020}}</ref> ||
| 1986 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || {{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|Mineral deficiency}}) || Organization || The {{w|Iodine Global Network}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the IGN |url=https://www.ign.org/about.htm |website=ign.org |accessdate=16 April 2020}}</ref> It describes itself as a "{{w|non-profit}}, {{w|non-government organization}} for the sustainable elimination of {{w|iodine deficiency}} worldwide.<ref name=about>{{cite web|url=http://www.iccidd.org/p142000253.html|title = ICCIDD Global network|publisher = International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders|accessdate = 17 April 2020}}</ref> ||
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| 1989 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} || Trend growth (product introduction) || {{w|Wendy’s}} first introduces their US$0.99 Super Value Menu, which consists of several popular items for a bargain.<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic"/> ||
| 1989 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} || Trend growth (product introduction) || {{w|Wendy’s}} first introduces their US$0.99 Super Value Menu, which consists of several popular items for a bargain.<ref name="Timeline: History of the Fast Food Epidemic"/> ||
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| 1999 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Notable comment || American humanitarian {{w|Fred Cuny}} writes: "The distribution of food within a country is a political issue. Governments in most countries give priority to urban areas, since that is where the most influential and powerful families and enterprises are usually located. The government often neglects subsistence farmers and rural areas in general. The more remote and underdeveloped the area the less likely the government will be to effectively meet its needs. Many agrarian policies, especially the pricing of agricultural {{w|commodities}}, discriminate against rural areas. Governments often keep prices of basic grains at such artificially low levels that subsistence producers cannot accumulate enough capital to make investments to improve their production. Thus, they are effectively prevented from getting out of their precarious situation."<ref>{{w|Fred Cuny}}–Famine, Conflict, and Response: a Basic Guide; Kumarian Press, 1999.</ref> ||
| 1999 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Notable comment || American humanitarian {{w|Fred Cuny}} writes: "The distribution of food within a country is a political issue. Governments in most countries give priority to urban areas, since that is where the most influential and powerful families and enterprises are usually located. The government often neglects subsistence farmers and rural areas in general. The more remote and underdeveloped the area the less likely the government will be to effectively meet its needs. Many agrarian policies, especially the pricing of agricultural {{w|commodities}}, discriminate against rural areas. Governments often keep prices of basic grains at such artificially low levels that subsistence producers cannot accumulate enough capital to make investments to improve their production. Thus, they are effectively prevented from getting out of their precarious situation."<ref>{{w|Fred Cuny}}–Famine, Conflict, and Response: a Basic Guide; Kumarian Press, 1999.</ref> ||
|-
| 1999 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} || Medical development || The {{w|obesity paradox}} (excluding cholesterol paradox) was first described in overweight and obese people undergoing {{w|hemodialysis}},<ref name=Schmidt2007>{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1525-139X.2007.00349.x |title=CARDIOVASCULAR AND SURVIVAL PARADOXES IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS: Obesity-Survival Paradox-Still a Controversy? |year=2007 |last1=Schmidt |first1=Darren S. |last2=Salahudeen |first2=Abdulla K. |journal=Seminars in Dialysis |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=486–92 |pmid=17991192}}</ref> ||
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| 2000 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} || Organization || {{w|National Obesity Forum}} is founded as a British independent professional organization which campaigns for a more interventional approach to obesity.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the NOF |url=http://www.nationalobesityforum.org.uk/index.php/about-the-nof.html |website=nationalobesityforum.org.uk |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
| 2000 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} || Organization || {{w|National Obesity Forum}} is founded as a British independent professional organization which campaigns for a more interventional approach to obesity.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the NOF |url=http://www.nationalobesityforum.org.uk/index.php/about-the-nof.html |website=nationalobesityforum.org.uk |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
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| 2003 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Organization || {{w|California}}-based {{w|Nutrition and Education International}} is formed to fight widespread {{w|malnutrition}} among women and children who live in high-mortality areas in {{w|Afghanistan}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=AFGHANISTAN: Soya beans to stave off malnutrition?|url=http://www.irinnews.org/report/80045/afghanistan-soya-beans-to-stave-off-malnutrition|work=IRIN|accessdate=26 October 2013|date=28 August 2008}}</ref>    <ref>{{cite web |title=Nutrition & Education International |url=https://www.wayup.com/i-Education-j-Nutrition-Education-International-446778043088107/ |website=wayup.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NEI Nutrition and Education International |url=https://www.linkedin.com/company/nutrition-&-education-international/about/ |website=linkedin.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
| 2003 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Organization || {{w|California}}-based {{w|Nutrition and Education International}} is formed to fight widespread {{w|malnutrition}} among women and children who live in high-mortality areas in {{w|Afghanistan}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=AFGHANISTAN: Soya beans to stave off malnutrition?|url=http://www.irinnews.org/report/80045/afghanistan-soya-beans-to-stave-off-malnutrition|work=IRIN|accessdate=26 October 2013|date=28 August 2008}}</ref>    <ref>{{cite web |title=Nutrition & Education International |url=https://www.wayup.com/i-Education-j-Nutrition-Education-International-446778043088107/ |website=wayup.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NEI Nutrition and Education International |url=https://www.linkedin.com/company/nutrition-&-education-international/about/ |website=linkedin.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
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| 2003 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} || Medical development || The terminology "{{w|reverse epidemiology}}" is first proposed by {{w|Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh}} in the journal ''[[Kidney International]]'' in 2003<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00803.x |title=Reverse epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors in maintenance dialysis patients |year=2003 |last1=Kalantar-Zadeh |first1=Kamyar |last2=Block |first2=Gladys |last3=Humphreys |first3=Michael H. |last4=Kopple |first4=Joel D. |journal=Kidney International |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=793–808 |pmid=12631061}}</ref> It is a term used for a medical hypothesis which holds that high serum cholesterol and obesity may (counter intuitively) be protective and associated with greater survival in certain groups of people, such as very-old individuals or those with certain chronic diseases.<ref>{{cite web |title=REVERSE EPIDEMIOLOGY |url=https://www.sigg.it/assets/congressi/58-congresso-nazionale-sigg/slide/29/201-Giovanni-Zuliani.pdf |website=sigg.it |accessdate=30 April 2020}}</ref> ||
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| 2003–2005 || General || {{w|Macronutrient}} ({{w|calory}}) || Statistics || According to {{w|FAO}} food balances, available calories in {{w|OECD}} countries average 3,400 per person, up from 2,900 in 1964-66. Similar increases are recorded outside the OECD, in {{w|Latin America}}, {{w|North Africa}} and {{w|Asia-Pacific}}, where daily per capita caloric availability now generally exceeds 3,000 calories per person.<ref name="Over-nutrition?"/> ||
| 2003–2005 || General || {{w|Macronutrient}} ({{w|calory}}) || Statistics || According to {{w|FAO}} food balances, available calories in {{w|OECD}} countries average 3,400 per person, up from 2,900 in 1964-66. Similar increases are recorded outside the OECD, in {{w|Latin America}}, {{w|North Africa}} and {{w|Asia-Pacific}}, where daily per capita caloric availability now generally exceeds 3,000 calories per person.<ref name="Over-nutrition?"/> ||
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| 2006 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} || Organization || {{w|Obesity Canada}} is established. It connects members of the public affected by obesity, researchers, health professionals and others with an interest in obesity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Waitlists another consequence of obesity epidemic |url=https://www.healthing.ca/diseases-and-conditions/obesity/bariatric-waitlists-another-consequence-of-obesity-epidemic-and-ignorance |website=healthing.ca |accessdate=16 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Canada}}
| 2006 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} || Organization || {{w|Obesity Canada}} is established. It connects members of the public affected by obesity, researchers, health professionals and others with an interest in obesity.<ref>{{cite web |title=Waitlists another consequence of obesity epidemic |url=https://www.healthing.ca/diseases-and-conditions/obesity/bariatric-waitlists-another-consequence-of-obesity-epidemic-and-ignorance |website=healthing.ca |accessdate=16 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Canada}}
|-
| 2006 || General || || Concept development || The {{w|World Bank}} defines: "Nutrition security exists when food security is combined with a sanitary environment, adequate health services, and proper care and feeding practices to ensure a healthy life for all household members."<ref name="link.springer.com"/> ||
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| 2007 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Program launch || The {{w|World Hunger Relief}} program is launched by American fast food corporation {{w|Yum! Brands}}. It is most expansive private sector hunger relief effort, providing millions of meals to people in many countries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Yum! Brands’ World Hunger Relief Effort Raises $640 Million for United Nations World Food Programme and Other Hunger Relief Agencies Since 2007 |url=https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/38580-Yum-Brands-World-Hunger-Relief-Effort-Raises-640-Million-for-United-Nations-World-Food-Programme-and-Other-Hunger-Relief-Agencies-Since-2007 |website=csrwire.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WORLD HUNGER RELIEF AND CHRISTINA AGUILERA |url=https://borgenproject.org/world-hunger-relief-christina-aguilera/ |website=borgenproject.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
| 2007 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Program launch || The {{w|World Hunger Relief}} program is launched by American fast food corporation {{w|Yum! Brands}}. It is most expansive private sector hunger relief effort, providing millions of meals to people in many countries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Yum! Brands’ World Hunger Relief Effort Raises $640 Million for United Nations World Food Programme and Other Hunger Relief Agencies Since 2007 |url=https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/38580-Yum-Brands-World-Hunger-Relief-Effort-Raises-640-Million-for-United-Nations-World-Food-Programme-and-Other-Hunger-Relief-Agencies-Since-2007 |website=csrwire.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WORLD HUNGER RELIEF AND CHRISTINA AGUILERA |url=https://borgenproject.org/world-hunger-relief-christina-aguilera/ |website=borgenproject.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
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| 2008 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || || Statistics || The United States have an estimated 16 million [[w:Arteriosclerosis|atherosclerotic]] {{w|heart disease}} cases and 5.8 million strokes. Cardiovascular diseases that were caused by arteriosclerosis also caused almost 812,000 deaths in the year, more than any other cause, including {{w|cancer}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Atherosclerosis|url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart_and_blood_vessel_disorders/atherosclerosis/atherosclerosis.html|website=Merck Manuals|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
| 2008 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || || Statistics || The United States have an estimated 16 million [[w:Arteriosclerosis|atherosclerotic]] {{w|heart disease}} cases and 5.8 million strokes. Cardiovascular diseases that were caused by arteriosclerosis also caused almost 812,000 deaths in the year, more than any other cause, including {{w|cancer}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Atherosclerosis|url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart_and_blood_vessel_disorders/atherosclerosis/atherosclerosis.html|website=Merck Manuals|accessdate=15 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
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| 2008 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Study || A study in Bangladesh in reports that rates of malnutrition are higher in female children than male children.<ref name="Factors in Bangladesh">{{cite journal |last1=Khan |first1=MM|author2=Kraemer, A|title=Factors associated with being underweight, overweight and obese among ever-married non-pregnant urban women in Bangladesh|journal=Singapore Medical Journal|date=August 2009|volume=50|issue=8|pages=804–13|pmid=19710981}}</ref> || {{w|Bangladesh}}
| 2008 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || {{w|Micronutrient}} ({{w|mineral deficiency}}) || Statistics || The {{w|World Health Organization}} publishes the Worldwide Prevalence of Anemia 1993–2005, estimating that {{w|anemia}} affects 1.62 billion people.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shephard |first1=Mark |title=A Practical Guide to Global Point-of-Care Testing |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=WDmPDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT223&lpg=PT223&dq=nutrient+testing+for+deficiencies+and+diagnosis+purposes+%22in+1900..2017%22&source=bl&ots=eMHf_s20vv&sig=ACfU3U0NtTY2pkeWHHm8RfeszqfRYzdZpg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjT5-CK6I7pAhWFA9QKHYUXD8I4ChDoATAGegQIBxAB#v=onepage&q=nutrient%20testing%20for%20deficiencies%20and%20diagnosis%20purposes%20%22in%201900..2017%22&f=false}}</ref> || Worldwide
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| 2008 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || General || Study || A study in Bangladesh in reports that rates of malnutrition are higher in female children than male children.<ref name="Factors in Bangladesh">{{cite journal |last1=Khan |first1=MM|author2=Kraemer, A|title=Factors associated with being underweight, overweight and obese among ever-married non-pregnant urban women in Bangladesh|journal=Singapore Medical Journal|date=August 2009|volume=50|issue=8|pages=804–13|pmid=19710981}}</ref> || {{w|Bangladesh}}
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| 2008 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Statistics || The {{w|World Health Organization}} estimates that globally, half of all cases of undernutrition in children under five are caused by unsafe water, inadequate {{w|sanitation}} or insufficient hygiene.<ref name=":0">Prüss-Üstün, A., Bos, R., Gore, F., Bartram, J. (2008). [http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/saferwater/en/ Safer water, better health – Costs, benefits and sustainability of interventions to protect and promote health]. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland</ref> || Worldwide
| 2008 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Statistics || The {{w|World Health Organization}} estimates that globally, half of all cases of undernutrition in children under five are caused by unsafe water, inadequate {{w|sanitation}} or insufficient hygiene.<ref name=":0">Prüss-Üstün, A., Bos, R., Gore, F., Bartram, J. (2008). [http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/saferwater/en/ Safer water, better health – Costs, benefits and sustainability of interventions to protect and promote health]. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland</ref> || Worldwide
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| 2008 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Organization || {{w|Nourishing USA}} is founded. It consists of a nationwide network of more than 9500 community advocates and {{w|food rescue}} organizations that serves in the United States as well as {{w|Puerto Rico}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nourishing USA’s CEO, Chef Gina Keatley, to Appear on Food Network This Summer |url=https://www.pr.com/press-release/334284 |website=pr.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nourishing USA Founder Gina Keatley Steps Down as CEO-Company appoints Simon Hancock Acting CEO |url=https://www.prlog.org/12061834-nourishing-usa-founder-gina-keatley-steps-down-as-ceo-company-appoints-simon-hancock-acting-ceo.html |website=prlog.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
| 2008 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || General || Organization || {{w|Nourishing USA}} is founded. It consists of a nationwide network of more than 9500 community advocates and {{w|food rescue}} organizations that serves in the United States as well as {{w|Puerto Rico}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nourishing USA’s CEO, Chef Gina Keatley, to Appear on Food Network This Summer |url=https://www.pr.com/press-release/334284 |website=pr.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nourishing USA Founder Gina Keatley Steps Down as CEO-Company appoints Simon Hancock Acting CEO |url=https://www.prlog.org/12061834-nourishing-usa-founder-gina-keatley-steps-down-as-ceo-company-appoints-simon-hancock-acting-ceo.html |website=prlog.org |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
|-
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| 2008 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Scientific development || A {{w|UNICEF UK}} report finds that the world's poorest and most vulnerable children are being hit the hardest by {{w|climate change}}. The report, ''Our Climate, Our Children, Our Responsibility: The Implications of Climate Change for the World's Children'', says that access to clean water and food supplies will become more difficult, particularly in {{w|Africa}} and {{w|Asia}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122045816/http://www.unicef.org.uk/press/news_detail_full_story.asp?news_id=1120|title=UNICEF UK News:: News item:: The tragic consequences of climate change for the world's children:: April 29, 2008 00:00}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
| 2008 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Scientific development || A {{w|UNICEF UK}} report finds that the world's poorest and most vulnerable children are being hit the hardest by {{w|climate change}}. The report, ''Our Climate, Our Children, Our Responsibility: The Implications of Climate Change for the World's Children'', says that access to clean water and food supplies will become more difficult, particularly in {{w|Africa}} and {{w|Asia}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122045816/http://www.unicef.org.uk/press/news_detail_full_story.asp?news_id=1120|title=UNICEF UK News:: News item:: The tragic consequences of climate change for the world's children:: April 29, 2008 00:00}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
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| 2008 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} || Statistics || The {{w|WHO}} estimates that at least 500 million adults (greater than 10%) are obese, with higher rates among women than men.<ref name=WHO2009a>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html |title=Obesity and overweight |website=World Health Organization |access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Worldwide}}
| 2008 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} || Statistics || The {{w|WHO}} estimates that at least 500 million adults (greater than 10%) are obese, with higher rates among women than men.<ref name=WHO2009a>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html |title=Obesity and overweight |website=World Health Organization |access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|Worldwide}}
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| 2008 || General || || Concept development || {{w|UNICEF}} defines: "Food and nutrition security is achieved when adequate food (quantity, quality, safety, socio-cultural acceptability) is available and accessible for and satisfactorily used and utilized by all individuals at all times to live a healthy and active life."<ref name="link.springer.com"/> ||
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| 2008 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Statistics || According to a review an estimated 178 million children under age 5 are [[w:stunted growth|stunted]], most of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa. Another review of malnutrition finds that about 55 million children are wasted, including 19 million who have severe wasting or severe acute malnutrition.<ref name="Bhutta 2008">{{cite journal | last1 = Bhutta | first1 = Z. A. | last2 = Ahmed | first2 = T. | last3 = Black | first3 = R. E. | last4 = Cousens | first4 = S. | last5 = Dewey | first5 = K. | last6 = Giugliani | first6 = E. | last7 = Haider | first7 = B. A. | last8 = Kirkwood | first8 = B. | last9 = Morris | first9 = S. S. | last10 = Sachdev | first10 = H. P. S. | last11 = Shekar | first11 = M. | title = What works? Interventions for maternal and child undernutrition and survival | journal = The Lancet | volume = 371 | issue = 9610 | pages = 417–440 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18206226 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61693-6 | author12 = Maternal Child Undernutrition Study Group }}</ref> || Worldwide
| 2008 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Statistics || According to a review an estimated 178 million children under age 5 are [[w:stunted growth|stunted]], most of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa. Another review of malnutrition finds that about 55 million children are wasted, including 19 million who have severe wasting or severe acute malnutrition.<ref name="Bhutta 2008">{{cite journal | last1 = Bhutta | first1 = Z. A. | last2 = Ahmed | first2 = T. | last3 = Black | first3 = R. E. | last4 = Cousens | first4 = S. | last5 = Dewey | first5 = K. | last6 = Giugliani | first6 = E. | last7 = Haider | first7 = B. A. | last8 = Kirkwood | first8 = B. | last9 = Morris | first9 = S. S. | last10 = Sachdev | first10 = H. P. S. | last11 = Shekar | first11 = M. | title = What works? Interventions for maternal and child undernutrition and survival | journal = The Lancet | volume = 371 | issue = 9610 | pages = 417–440 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18206226 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61693-6 | author12 = Maternal Child Undernutrition Study Group }}</ref> || Worldwide
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| 2009 || General || || Concept development || The {{w|Food and Agriculture Organization}} defines: "Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life".<ref name="link.springer.com"/> ||
| 2009 || General || || Concept development || The {{w|Food and Agriculture Organization}} defines: "Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life".<ref name="link.springer.com"/> ||
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| 2009 || || || Organization || The {{w|European Food Information Resource Network}} is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to EuroFIR AISBL |url=https://www.eurofir.org/?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=8829f974699cb0cc9d6cc334187d893f97e04ff9-1587163811-0-AedBVv_wHAZWDCCYAT9i928dCt2vWqmwz6bskCaCBr1Ub9B9QQIYCyJ3605jrAIX9uNj_c9cuTmz3tDBw388yqc97QpvuGv_2LEfIpM2mzpe8GMUoQvL1s9rdl3Yygsnq1DDflGHU3NUrdop-S-xOSfK8KgpSnQ4SuoQ6jAgAs3RMxWH0_S1hEcXl0hWYIOR22vRR8SRDEDcAGieGi-3A2FFfe9wzHNya4VkLVzWv3Y8uH0UFoUpMG6A74OcEryRWkBMgbnvXKeoTWxhbhN-8fU |website=eurofir.org |accessdate=17 April 2020}}</ref> Íts purpose is the development, management, publication and exploitation of {{w|food composition data}}, and the promotion of international cooperation and harmonization through improved data quality, [[w:FCDB|food composition database]] searchability and standards.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Becker | first1 = W | date = Nov 2010 | title = CEN/TC387 Food Data (2010) Towards a CEN Standard on food data | url = | journal = Eur J Clin Nutr | volume = 64 | issue = Suppl 3| pages = S49–52 | doi = 10.1038/ejcn.2010.210 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ||
| 2009 || General || || Organization || The {{w|European Food Information Resource Network}} is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to EuroFIR AISBL |url=https://www.eurofir.org/?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=8829f974699cb0cc9d6cc334187d893f97e04ff9-1587163811-0-AedBVv_wHAZWDCCYAT9i928dCt2vWqmwz6bskCaCBr1Ub9B9QQIYCyJ3605jrAIX9uNj_c9cuTmz3tDBw388yqc97QpvuGv_2LEfIpM2mzpe8GMUoQvL1s9rdl3Yygsnq1DDflGHU3NUrdop-S-xOSfK8KgpSnQ4SuoQ6jAgAs3RMxWH0_S1hEcXl0hWYIOR22vRR8SRDEDcAGieGi-3A2FFfe9wzHNya4VkLVzWv3Y8uH0UFoUpMG6A74OcEryRWkBMgbnvXKeoTWxhbhN-8fU |website=eurofir.org |accessdate=17 April 2020}}</ref> Íts purpose is the development, management, publication and exploitation of {{w|food composition data}}, and the promotion of international cooperation and harmonization through improved data quality, [[w:FCDB|food composition database]] searchability and standards.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Becker | first1 = W | date = Nov 2010 | title = CEN/TC387 Food Data (2010) Towards a CEN Standard on food data | url = | journal = Eur J Clin Nutr | volume = 64 | issue = Suppl 3| pages = S49–52 | doi = 10.1038/ejcn.2010.210 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ||
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| 2010 || General || || Statistics || As of date, malnutrition is reported to be the cause of 1.4% of all {{w|disability adjusted life years}}.<ref name=Murray2012>{{cite journal|last1=Murray|first1=CJ|title=Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2197–223|pmid=23245608|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4}}</ref> ||
| 2010 || General || || Statistics || As of date, malnutrition is reported to be the cause of 1.4% of all {{w|disability adjusted life years}}.<ref name=Murray2012>{{cite journal|last1=Murray|first1=CJ|title=Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2197–223|pmid=23245608|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4}}</ref> ||
|-  
|-  
| 2010 || || || Organization || The {{w|Association for Nutrition}} is established. It is the voluntary regulator for nutritionists and nutrition scientists in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |title=Association for Nutrition |url=https://www.linkedin.com/company/association-for-nutrition/ |website=linkedin.com |accessdate=16 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
| 2010 || General || || Organization || The {{w|Association for Nutrition}} is established. It is the voluntary regulator for nutritionists and nutrition scientists in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |title=Association for Nutrition |url=https://www.linkedin.com/company/association-for-nutrition/ |website=linkedin.com |accessdate=16 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
|-
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| 2010 || General || || Program launch || The {{w|Government of the United States}} launches the {{w|Feed the Future Initiative}}, with the purpose to address global hunger and [[w:food security|food insecurity]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Obama Administration’s Feed the Future Initiative |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R44216.pdf |website=fas.org |accessdate=11 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
| 2010 || General || || Program launch || The {{w|Government of the United States}} launches the {{w|Feed the Future Initiative}}, with the purpose to address global hunger and [[w:food security|food insecurity]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Obama Administration’s Feed the Future Initiative |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R44216.pdf |website=fas.org |accessdate=11 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
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| 2011 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} || Organization || {{w|EPODE International Network}} is founded. It is a non-governmental organization that seeks to support childhood obesity-prevention programs across the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=EPODE International Network |url=https://epodeinternationalnetwork.com/about/context/2014/09/15/epode-international-network |website=epodeinternationalnetwork.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
| 2011 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} || Organization || {{w|EPODE International Network}} is founded. It is a non-governmental organization that seeks to support childhood obesity-prevention programs across the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=EPODE International Network |url=https://epodeinternationalnetwork.com/about/context/2014/09/15/epode-international-network |website=epodeinternationalnetwork.com |accessdate=15 December 2019}}</ref> ||
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| 2011 || General || || Concept development || The {{w|Food and Agriculture Organization}} defines: "Food and nutrition security exists when all people at all times have physical, social and economic access to food of sufficient quantity and quality in terms of variety, diversity, nutrient content and safety to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life, coupled with a sanitary environment, adequate health, education and care."<ref name="link.springer.com"/> ||
|-
| 2011 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Medical development || An international consensus group adopts a definition of cachexia as “a multifactorial syndrome defined by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass (with or without loss of fat mass) that can be partially but not entirely reversed by conventional nutritional support.”<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, Bosaeus I, Bruera E, Fainsinger RL, Jatoi A, Loprinzi C, MacDonald N, Mantovani G, Davis M, Muscaritoli M, Ottery F, Radbruch L, Ravasco P, Walsh D, Wilcock A, Kaasa S, Baracos VE | display-authors = 6 | title = Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus | journal = The Lancet. Oncology | volume = 12 | issue = 5 | pages = 489–95 | date = May 2011 | pmid = 21296615 | doi = 10.1016/s1470-2045(10)70218-7 }}</ref> ||
| 2011 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || || Medical development || An international consensus group adopts a definition of cachexia as “a multifactorial syndrome defined by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass (with or without loss of fat mass) that can be partially but not entirely reversed by conventional nutritional support.”<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, Bosaeus I, Bruera E, Fainsinger RL, Jatoi A, Loprinzi C, MacDonald N, Mantovani G, Davis M, Muscaritoli M, Ottery F, Radbruch L, Ravasco P, Walsh D, Wilcock A, Kaasa S, Baracos VE | display-authors = 6 | title = Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus | journal = The Lancet. Oncology | volume = 12 | issue = 5 | pages = 489–95 | date = May 2011 | pmid = 21296615 | doi = 10.1016/s1470-2045(10)70218-7 }}</ref> ||
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| 2018 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || General || Statistics || Worldwide, 49.5 million children under five are affected by acute malnutrition or wasting. More than two-thirds of all wasted children under five live in Asia.<ref name="FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION IN THE WORLD"/> || Worldwide
| 2018 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || General || Statistics || Worldwide, 49.5 million children under five are affected by acute malnutrition or wasting. More than two-thirds of all wasted children under five live in Asia.<ref name="FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION IN THE WORLD"/> || Worldwide
|-
| 2018 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} || Statistics || The {{w|World Health Organization}} publishes an updated list of statistics finds that global obesity has tripled since 1975.<ref name="Body Mass Index (BMI) – The Complete Guide">{{cite web |title=Body Mass Index (BMI) – The Complete Guide |url=https://bmicalculatorusa.com/ |website=bmicalculatorusa.com |accessdate=29 April 2020}}</ref> || Worldwide
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| 2019 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} || || {{w|The Lancet}} Commission on Obesity calls for a global treaty — modelled on the {{w|WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control}} — committing countries to address obesity and undernutrition, explicitly excluding the food industry from policy development. They estimate the global cost of obesity US$2 trillion a year, about or 2.8% of world GDP.<ref>{{cite news |title=Public health experts call for global food treaty |url=https://www.ft.com/content/e32dfada-1ffa-11e9-b126-46fc3ad87c65?emailId=5c4ede5258d4740004049132 |date=27 January 2019}}</ref> ||  
| 2019 || {{w|Overnutrition}} || {{w|Macronutrient}} || || {{w|The Lancet}} Commission on Obesity calls for a global treaty — modelled on the {{w|WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control}} — committing countries to address obesity and undernutrition, explicitly excluding the food industry from policy development. They estimate the global cost of obesity US$2 trillion a year, about or 2.8% of world GDP.<ref>{{cite news |title=Public health experts call for global food treaty |url=https://www.ft.com/content/e32dfada-1ffa-11e9-b126-46fc3ad87c65?emailId=5c4ede5258d4740004049132 |date=27 January 2019}}</ref> ||  
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| 2020 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || General || Study || A research paper that mapps stunting, wasting and underweight among children across 105 low- and middle-income countries finds that only five countries are expected to meet global nutrition targets in all [[w:Administrative division|second administrative subdivisions]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Local Burden of Disease Child Growth Failure Collaborators|date=January 2020|title=Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=577|issue=7789|pages=231–234|doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1878-8|issn=0028-0836}}</ref> ||
| 2020 || {{w|Undernutrition}} || General || Study || A research paper that maps stunting, wasting and underweight among children across 105 low- and middle-income countries finds that only five countries are expected to meet global nutrition targets in all [[w:Administrative division|second administrative subdivisions]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Local Burden of Disease Child Growth Failure Collaborators|date=January 2020|title=Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=577|issue=7789|pages=231–234|doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1878-8|issn=0028-0836}}</ref> ||
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===What the timeline is still missing===
===What the timeline is still missing===
 
* [[w:human nutrition#Illnesses_caused_by_underconsumption_and_overconsumption|human nutrition]]
* Vipul (tentative): Talk about nutrient testing for deficiencies and diagnosis purposes (if there are any clear events).
* {{w|Dietary supplement}}
* Vipul: Cover measurements like BMI✔ (body-mass index) that would be used to classify nutritional state.
* {{w|Food fortification}}
* {{w|BP-5 Compact Food}}
* [https://www.naturalhealers.com/blog/nutrition-history/]
* [https://watermark.silverchair.com/4w0403000975.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAlowggJWBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggJHMIICQwIBADCCAjwGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMLTQ81pk59IZmWbCdAgEQgIICDc7zfkmZ76ZV6VJSm_xkuLJT9KVg-qeEmmazcw-PaSWEZLnsGfTfRhgS2E2HaQwyKAxkqxiwXYZVnC6d2685b0nX-jCf5heZhdyVIJWmAR6vdiITRfc6Z4D5mbVYIwvrqzkF_JB8Qbyu5JZOE5SZ819bgTx6hZ8nrQUjBE1M-NyX4Hlu8qLJbFIlhJF5IIS1ibohvXPuy9X3EyPvmSZrB786xojjuFI8h60wwcZzl_tWUBPgbcvGnVGbluYhvHEaKnEnracFg8XodDYrtucmWyzEIEzRN1STDof55NOpqrqudiXavNjW-TCgaDBxA1hEn8u00-X8Q8qCy1KuUcBz2wzx0QK8LRNBAP4JQ3Mdm4rNWuwai2_s9p-B6lZdlQLd_rEXt1L8kvsxFggIxtt6vdhI1xieoCaLnbLhm6f-m3KrDwh97OaovOF5KUaGTfJa4_6dhCUVC2ZWZ8zNYtfDx5JFhgP6QZOshVeEQCBMf-aKYbrrLTCIhoQMFYJuejLD825TxusdK_NKiFgWyUseGdGWvucfYCzoFE2WRfSrnJDw4ICE6IqaOgiQXSlgpC5pmDmDywkjwYW0xYSqUd9KjDhTITuvbbmIfbP19izfDnQdiZcu9EWxCL_pCyfPCLu2WVyyChLi_lpPNj-wt3ixiqCWTNh24_7-oILIWT9TJZCWFRRTAeCsAFIiU5Jl-Q]
* [https://www.ukessays.com/essays/nutrition/food-nutrition-history.php]
* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/human-nutrition]


===Timeline update strategy===
===Timeline update strategy===


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Timeline of the World Health Organization]]
* [[Timeline of food and nutrition in China]]
* [[Timeline of food and nutrition in India]]
* [[Timeline of diabetes]]


==External links==
==External links==
Retrieved from "https://timelines.issarice.com/wiki/Timeline_of_malnutrition"