Timeline of face masks: Difference between revisions

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| 19th century || Scientific backing establishment || The design of the mask takes a big step forward in this century,<ref name="globaltimes.cn"/> throughout which doctors continue to go without masks while workers in factories are encouraged to use them to help filter particle-ridden air<ref name="gizmodo.coms">{{cite web |title=A Brief History of Medical Face Masks |url=https://gizmodo.com/a-brief-history-of-medical-face-masks-1843698852 |website=gizmodo.com |accessdate=11 September 2020}}</ref>, as there is an understanding of the usefulness of face masks in factories.<ref name="gizmodo.coms"/> In the mid-century, German scientists conduct studies with industrial dust and bacteria and their relationship with respiratory health.<ref name="cdc.govi"/> By the late 1870s, scientists learn about bacteria, and the {{w|miasma theory}} falls from fashion as the modern field of microbiology emerges.<ref name="fastcompany.comsssa"/> In the latter half of the century, face masks begin to be worn in hospital settings, when medical research starts being benefited considerably from Louis Pasteur’s work.<ref name="newseye.euv"/><ref name="bloomberg.comss"/> The modern surgical face mask comes into use around the time that germs and viruses start reshaping medical understandings of disease.<ref name="We share what we exhale"/><ref name="The Mask">{{cite web |title=The Mask |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/style/face-mask-coronavirus.html |website=nytimes.comwwww |accessdate=12 September 2020}}</ref> In the 1880s, Robert Koch identifies the bacteria that cause tuberculosis and cholera. Before his discovery, dirt was simply dirt, and people knew nothing of threatening microbes or viruses.<ref name="We share what we exhale"/> In 1897, {{w|Jan Mikulicz-Radecki}} publishes the first study supporting the use of a mask in surgery.<ref name="Bhartendua">{{cite journal |last1=Goha |first1=Yihui |last2=Tanab |first2=Benjamin Y.Q. |last3=Bhartendua |first3=Chandra |last4=Onga |first4=Jonathan J.Y. |last5=Sharma |first5=Vijay K. |title=The face mask: How a real protection becomes a psychological symbol during Covid-19? |doi=10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.060 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159120310151?via%3Dihub}}</ref><ref name="Schlich">{{cite journal |last1=Strasser |first1=Bruno J |last2=Schlich |first2=Thomas |title=A history of the medical mask and the rise of throwaway culture |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31207-1 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31207-1/fulltext#:~:text=In%20response%20to%20these%20findings,operating%20room%20the%20same%20year.}}</ref>
| 19th century || Scientific backing establishment || The design of the mask takes a big step forward in this century,<ref name="globaltimes.cn"/> throughout which doctors continue to go without masks while workers in factories are encouraged to use them to help filter particle-ridden air<ref name="gizmodo.coms">{{cite web |title=A Brief History of Medical Face Masks |url=https://gizmodo.com/a-brief-history-of-medical-face-masks-1843698852 |website=gizmodo.com |accessdate=11 September 2020}}</ref>, as there is an understanding of the usefulness of face masks in factories.<ref name="gizmodo.coms"/> In the mid-century, German scientists conduct studies with industrial dust and bacteria and their relationship with respiratory health.<ref name="cdc.govi"/> By the late 1870s, scientists learn about bacteria, and the {{w|miasma theory}} falls from fashion as the modern field of microbiology emerges.<ref name="fastcompany.comsssa"/> In the latter half of the century, face masks begin to be worn in hospital settings, when medical research starts being benefited considerably from Louis Pasteur’s work.<ref name="newseye.euv"/><ref name="bloomberg.comss"/> The modern surgical face mask comes into use around the time that germs and viruses start reshaping medical understandings of disease.<ref name="We share what we exhale"/><ref name="The Mask">{{cite web |title=The Mask |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/style/face-mask-coronavirus.html |website=nytimes.comwwww |accessdate=12 September 2020}}</ref> In the 1880s, Robert Koch identifies the bacteria that cause tuberculosis and cholera. Before his discovery, dirt was simply dirt, and people knew nothing of threatening microbes or viruses.<ref name="We share what we exhale"/> In 1897, {{w|Jan Mikulicz-Radecki}} publishes the first study supporting the use of a mask in surgery.<ref name="Bhartendua">{{cite journal |last1=Goha |first1=Yihui |last2=Tanab |first2=Benjamin Y.Q. |last3=Bhartendua |first3=Chandra |last4=Onga |first4=Jonathan J.Y. |last5=Sharma |first5=Vijay K. |title=The face mask: How a real protection becomes a psychological symbol during Covid-19? |doi=10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.060 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159120310151?via%3Dihub}}</ref><ref name="Schlich">{{cite journal |last1=Strasser |first1=Bruno J |last2=Schlich |first2=Thomas |title=A history of the medical mask and the rise of throwaway culture |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31207-1 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31207-1/fulltext#:~:text=In%20response%20to%20these%20findings,operating%20room%20the%20same%20year.}}</ref>
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| 20th century || Widespread adoption by healthcare and general population in some regions || Throughout the early decades of the century, various styles of masks are patented. Most commonly, masks are made of cotton gauze and held in place with a metal frame.<ref name="gizmodo.coms"/> In Japan, the mask business flourished during the {{w|Taishō}} period (1912-26).<ref name="japantimes.co.jp"/> In the 1920s, the surgical mask is used first in the operating rooms of Germany and the United States.<ref name="Fangerau"/> By the late 1920s, the use of gauze face masks is widespread.<ref name="Spooner">{{cite journal |last1=Spooner |first1=John L. |title=History of Surgical Face Masks: The myths, the masks, and the men and women behind them |doi=10.1016/S0001-2092(08)71359-0}}</ref><ref name="bloomberg.comss"/> In the 1930s, medical masks start to be replaced by disposable paper masks.<ref name="Schlich"/> In the mid-1930s, variations of the gauze type masks begin to appear.<ref name="Spooner"/> During the 1930s and 1940s, gauze and cloth masks are also used by healthcare workers to protect themselves from tuberculosis.<ref name="adwww"/> In the 1940s, with the introduction of {{w|antibiotic}}s, and their rapid acceptance as a means of controlling infection, interest in surgical masks decrease.<ref name="Spooner"/> In the late 1950s there is a renewed interest in surgical masks.<ref name="Spooner"/> Asians, especially in Japan, China and Taiwan, start wearing masks for a host of cultural and environmental reasons, including non-medical ones.<ref name="voanews.comrr">{{cite web |title=Not Just Coronavirus: Asians Have Worn Face Masks for Decades |url=https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/not-just-coronavirus-asians-have-worn-face-masks-decades |website=voanews.com |accessdate=17 September 2020}}</ref> In the 1960s, modern disposable masks grow in popularity.<ref name="gizmodo.coms"/> In the mid-1960s, the use of disposable items made of paper and fleece is introduced all over the world after having started in the United States.<ref name="Fangerau"/> In the 1980s, flu masks gradually reappear when the hay fever mask becomes common in Japan.<ref name="Mitsutoshi"/> In the 1990s, after being used in industrial applications for decades, the {{w|N95 mask}} is adopted in clinical settings with the rise of drug-resistant tuberculosis.<ref name="fastcompany.comsssa"/>
| 20th century (first half) || Widespread adoption by the healthcare system || Throughout the early decades of the century, various styles of masks are patented. Most commonly, masks are made of cotton gauze and held in place with a metal frame.<ref name="gizmodo.coms"/> In Japan, the mask business flourished during the {{w|Taishō}} period (1912-26).<ref name="japantimes.co.jp"/> In the 1920s, the surgical mask is used first in the operating rooms of Germany and the United States.<ref name="Fangerau"/> By the late 1920s, the use of gauze face masks is widespread.<ref name="Spooner">{{cite journal |last1=Spooner |first1=John L. |title=History of Surgical Face Masks: The myths, the masks, and the men and women behind them |doi=10.1016/S0001-2092(08)71359-0}}</ref><ref name="bloomberg.comss"/> In the 1930s, medical masks start to be replaced by disposable paper masks.<ref name="Schlich"/> In the mid-1930s, variations of the gauze type masks begin to appear.<ref name="Spooner"/> During the 1930s and 1940s, gauze and cloth masks are also used by healthcare workers to protect themselves from tuberculosis.<ref name="adwww"/> In the 1940s, with the introduction of {{w|antibiotic}}s, and their rapid acceptance as a means of controlling infection, interest in surgical masks decrease.<ref name="Spooner"/>
|-
|-
| 21st century || Dramatic increase in face mask use throughout the world || Mask-wearing skyrockets in the early years of the current century with the {{w|SARS outbreak}} and {{w|avian influenza}}<ref name="theconversation.comv">{{cite web |title=A brief history of masks from the 17th-century plague to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic |url=https://theconversation.com/a-brief-history-of-masks-from-the-17th-century-plague-to-the-ongoing-coronavirus-pandemic-142959 |website=theconversation.com |accessdate=4 October 2020}}</ref>, and further deepens worldwide with the advent of the {{w|COVID-19 pandemic}}. However, as of 2020, experts continue to debate the effectiveness of face masks in preventing the spread of diseases. Policies, laws, and practical considerations vary from region to region, as well as people’s attitudes toward face masks, reflecting their cultural values and history.<ref>{{cite web |title=Faced With Face Masks: A Brief Discussion of Current Challenges |url=https://www.naspa.org/blog/faced-with-face-masks-a-brief-discussion-of-current-challenges |website=naspa.org |accessdate=13 September 2020}}</ref>
| 20th century (second half) || Adoption by the general population || In the late 1950s there is a renewed interest in surgical masks.<ref name="Spooner"/> Asians, especially in Japan, China and Taiwan, start wearing masks for a host of cultural and environmental reasons, including non-medical ones.<ref name="voanews.comrr">{{cite web |title=Not Just Coronavirus: Asians Have Worn Face Masks for Decades |url=https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/not-just-coronavirus-asians-have-worn-face-masks-decades |website=voanews.com |accessdate=17 September 2020}}</ref> In the 1960s, modern disposable masks grow in popularity.<ref name="gizmodo.coms"/> In the mid-1960s, the use of disposable items made of paper and fleece is introduced all over the world after having started in the United States.<ref name="Fangerau"/> In the 1980s, flu masks gradually reappear when the hay fever mask becomes common in Japan.<ref name="Mitsutoshi"/> In the 1990s, after being used in industrial applications for decades, the {{w|N95 mask}} is adopted in clinical settings with the rise of drug-resistant tuberculosis.<ref name="fastcompany.comsssa"/>
|-
| 21st century (pre-COVID-19) || Increase in face mask use throughout the world || Mask-wearing increases in the early years of the current century with the {{w|SARS outbreak}} and {{w|avian influenza}}<ref name="theconversation.comv">{{cite web |title=A brief history of masks from the 17th-century plague to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic |url=https://theconversation.com/a-brief-history-of-masks-from-the-17th-century-plague-to-the-ongoing-coronavirus-pandemic-142959 |website=theconversation.com |accessdate=4 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 21st century (post-COVID-19) || Massive adoption and compulsory use throughout the world || Worldwide mask-wearing use suddenly explodes with the advent of the {{w|COVID-19 pandemic}}, with many countries mandating its use in public places. As of 2020, face mask use is part of the everyday landscape all troughout the world, especially in urban areas. However, as of 2020, experts continue to debate the effectiveness of face masks in preventing the spread of diseases. Policies, laws, and practical considerations vary from region to region, as well as people’s attitudes, reflecting their cultural values and history.<ref>{{cite web |title=Faced With Face Masks: A Brief Discussion of Current Challenges |url=https://www.naspa.org/blog/faced-with-face-masks-a-brief-discussion-of-current-challenges |website=naspa.org |accessdate=13 September 2020}}</ref>
|-
|}
 
=== Summary by mask type ===
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Masks/respirator type !! Advantages !! Disadvantages 
|-
| Bandana || Better than nothing. Decreases droplets spray from more than 8 feet to about 4 feet. An adequate piece of cloth can be repurposed. || "Only reduces the droplets by about 50 per cent and neck fleeces increase the amount of spray, probably by dispersing the largest droplets into many smaller droplets."<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite web |title=Why wearing a bandana face-mask is a very bad idea |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/why-wearing-a-bandana-face-mask-is-a-very-bad-idea/cotton-alternatives/slideshow/77741019.cms |website=economictimes.indiatimes.com |access-date=28 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
| Homemade cloth mask || Better than bandanas. Hand-made cotton face coverings eliminate 70 to 90 per cent of the spray, depending on the layers and the pleating.<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com"/> ||
|-
| T-shirt mask || They’re confortable. Effectiveness can be increased by using more than one layer of material.<ref name="healthgrades.com"/> || They are one-third as effective as disposable surgical masks.<ref name="healthgrades.com">{{cite web |title=9 Types of Masks and How Effective They Are |url=https://www.healthgrades.com/right-care/coronavirus/9-types-of-masks-and-how-effective-they-are |website=healthgrades.com |access-date=28 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
| Store-bought cloth mask || High quality masks could be 80-95 percent protective.<ref name="healthgrades.com"/> || Low-quality masks made of very thin materials could still be 10-20 percent protective.<ref name="healthgrades.com"/>
|-
| Cloth masks with filter || ||
|-
| Neck gaiters and balaclavas || || "Neck gaiters made of synthetic fleece may do more harm than good because they essentially aerosolize the wearer's respiratory droplets."<ref name="healthgrades.com"/>
|-
| Disposable surgical mask || ||
|-
| Filtering Facepiece Respirator || " It’s not commonly used to stop the spread of airborne illnesses, but rather is worn to decrease exposure to particles that come from wood dust, animal dander, and pollen."<ref name="qualitylogoproducts.com"/> || Disposable like surgical masks.<ref name="qualitylogoproducts.com"/>
|-
| Cone-style masks || More effective than a bandana.<ref name="healthgrades.com"/> || Less effective at containing droplets and spray than cloth face masks constructed of quilting cotton.<ref name="healthgrades.com"/>
|-
| Full face respirator || Convenient for people with breathing problems or respiratory issues.<ref name="qualitylogoproducts.com"/> || Not fit for domestic use.<ref name="qualitylogoproducts.com"/> 
|-
| N95 and other respirators || It offers the most protection against {{w|COVID 2019}} and other respiratory diseases. Reduces droplet transmission to less than 0.1 per cent.<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com"/> ||
|-
| KN95 respirator || "Very similar to N95 masks. Both capture about 95% of tiny particles in the air."<ref name="qualitylogoproducts.com"/> || "N95 masks are able to capture larger particles."<ref name="qualitylogoproducts.com"/>
|-
| Full Length Face Shield || || "For the most part, a full length face shield isn’t ideal during the COVID-19 crisis as it’s tough to breathe in over time."<ref name="qualitylogoproducts.com">{{cite web |title=What Are the Different Types of Face Masks & Which One is Recommended? |url=https://www.qualitylogoproducts.com/blog/different-types-of-face-masks/ |website=qualitylogoproducts.com |access-date=28 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
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|}
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* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/205390834214844/permalink/342372850516641/ WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/205390834214844/permalink/342372850516641/ WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/TimelinesWiki/permalink/2705712993002382/ Timelines Wiki] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/TimelinesWiki/permalink/2705712993002382/ Timelines Wiki] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/903174683177438/permalink/1666819700146262 Infection control nurses] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/436338033674192/permalink/674403463200980 NursingNow Argentina2020] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/237474230832259/permalink/352827159296965/ Twig + Tale Mask Makers] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/1571123569819826/permalink/2682894198642752/ Microbiology Research Group] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/155359696881/permalink/10159045974211882/ Microbiology & Immunology Research] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/121052094770118/permalink/1411912452350736/ Cellular Biology, Bacteria, Fungi and Viruses] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/560636171514842/permalink/685528499025608/ Food& water Microbiology] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/135881236793/permalink/10157697402871794/ Medical Microbiology & Immunology] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/2012590005641569/permalink/2808976699336225/ IFCAI - INFECTION CONTROL ACADEMY OF INDIA] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/918828021821686/permalink/1213627162341769/ El mundo de las bacterias] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/212983514320/permalink/10158813758669321/ Microbiology & Immunology] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/30179327242/permalink/10158691499132243/ Medical and Pharmaceutical Microbiology] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/557934550939365/permalink/3505832122816245/ Microbiology] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/524131408044046/permalink/1108535106270337/ Bacteriology Lovers & Lerners] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/126994007394292/permalink/3473032886123704/ •Micro::Molecular•biology- biotechnology] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/VIRGO.InfectionControlToday/posts/10157435956761160 Infection Control Today] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/444433399700524/permalink/865297830947410/ NIGERIAN INFECTIOUS DISEASES SOCIETY (NIDS)] Facebook group
* [https://www.facebook.com/groups/amazingmicrobiology/permalink/3726471440719276 Amazing Microbiology (Nepal)] Facebook group


===What the timeline is still missing===
===What the timeline is still missing===
* [https://www.healthgrades.com/right-care/coronavirus/9-types-of-masks-and-how-effective-they-are]
* [https://www.sciencealert.com/this-chart-shows-the-best-and-worst-face-masks-for-each-situation]
* [https://atriumhealth.org/dailydose/2020/08/04/your-guide-to-the-different-types-of-face-masks-and-how-to-care-for-them]
* [https://www.qualitylogoproducts.com/blog/different-types-of-face-masks/]


===Timeline update strategy===
===Timeline update strategy===
Retrieved from "https://timelines.issarice.com/wiki/Timeline_of_face_masks"