Difference between revisions of "Timeline of gastroenterology"

| 19th century || The late century sees rapid advances in the understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the digestive tract.<ref name="British Society of Gastroenterology 1937-87: an overview">{{cite web |title=British Society of Gastroenterology 1937-87: an overview |url=https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC2579722&blobtype=pdf |website=europepmc.org |accessdate=2 February 2019}}</ref>

! Year !! Event type !! Details

| 1767 || || {{w|Johann Georg Ritter von Zimmermann}} writes an important work on {{w|dysentery}}. || {{w|Germany}}

| 1777 || || {{w|Maximilian Stoll}} in {{w|Vienna}} describes cancer of the {{w|gallbladder}}.<ref>Edgardo Rivera, MD

Part 1 LugduniBatavarum, Haak et Socios et A et J Honkoop 1788, {{OCLC|23625746}}</ref> || {{w|Austria}}

| 1806 || || "The colonoscope and gastroscope both trace back to 1806, when Dr. Philipp Bozzini, of Mainz, Germany, first used a tin tube with a candle and mirror to view the bladder."<ref name="History of Gastroenterology">{{cite web |title=History of Gastroenterology |url=https://resident360.nejm.org/content_items/279 |website=resident360.nejm.org |accessdate=1 February 2019}}</ref> ||

| 1823 || Scientific development || English physician {{w|William Prout}} demonstrates thet the stomach contains free {{w|hydrochloric acid}}.<ref>''Prout, W.'' On the nature of the acid and saline matters usually existing in the stomachs of animals.&nbsp;– Philos. Transactions, 1824, 1, 45.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Modlin |first1=Irvin M. |last2=Sachs |first2=George |title=Acid Related Diseases: Biology and Treatment |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Gk1iSM2PA4oC&pg=PA11&dq=In+1823,+William+Prout+discovered+that+stomach+juices+contain+hydrochloric+acid&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjlgPHt6Z_gAhWIK7kGHRdKB-cQ6AEIKjAA#v=onepage&q=In%201823%2C%20William%20Prout%20discovered%20that%20stomach%20juices%20contain%20hydrochloric%20acid&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rosenfeld |first1=Louis |title=Four Centuries of Clinical Chemistry |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=futgDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46&dq=In+1823,+William+Prout+discovered+that+stomach+juices+contain+hydrochloric+acid&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjlgPHt6Z_gAhWIK7kGHRdKB-cQ6AEIMTAB#v=onepage&q=In%201823%2C%20William%20Prout%20discovered%20that%20stomach%20juices%20contain%20hydrochloric%20acid&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Yamada's Textbook of Gastroenterology">{{cite book |title=Yamada's Textbook of Gastroenterology |edition=Daniel K. Podolsky, Michael Camilleri, J. Gregory Fitz, Anthony N. Kalloo, Fergus Shanahan, Timothy C. Wang |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=h12-CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA403&dq=In+1823,+William+Prout+discovered+that+stomach+juices+contain+hydrochloric+acid&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjlgPHt6Z_gAhWIK7kGHRdKB-cQ6AEIWjAJ#v=onepage&q=In%201823%2C%20William%20Prout%20discovered%20that%20stomach%20juices%20contain%20hydrochloric%20acid&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}

| 1833 || Literature (book) || American surgeon {{w|William Beaumont}} publishes ''Experiments and Observations on the Gastric Juice and the Physiology of Digestion''.  Beaumont is known as the "Father of [[w:Gastrointestinal physiology|Gastric Physiology]]" following his research on human digestion.<ref name="National Library of Medicine">[http://oculus.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=nlmfindaid;cc=nlmfindaid;view=reslist;subview=standard;didno=beaumont131 William Beaumont Papers (1812-1959)], ''National Library of Medicine''</ref><ref>{{Cite AMB1920|wstitle=Beaumont, William}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}

| 1868 || || German physician {{w|Adolf Kussmaul}} performs the first {{w|gastroscopy}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gastroenterological Endoscopy |edition=Meinhard Classen, G. N. J. Tytgat, Charles J. Lightdale |title=Gastroenterological Endoscopy

| 1871 || || Austrian laryngologist {{w|Karl Stoerk}} in {{w|Vienna}} demonstrates an {{w|esophagoscope}} made of two telescopic metal tubes.<ref name="A Dictionary of the History of Medicine">{{cite book |last1=Sebastian |first1=Anton |title=A Dictionary of the History of Medicine |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=CvpKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT712&dq=%22In+1871%22+Carl+Stoerk+++an+esophagoscope&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwij7ZeP8Z_gAhV9GbkGHXZHB3IQ6AEIKjAA#v=onepage&q=%22In%201871%22%20Carl%20Stoerk%20%20%20an%20esophagoscope&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Austria}}

| 1876 || || German pathologist {{w|Karl Wilhelm Von Kupffer}} first describes the properties of some liver cells now called {{w|Kupffer cell}}.<ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Cancer |edition=Manfred Schwab |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=yMFN5dvgNscC&pg=PA1964&dq=In+1876,+Karl+Wilhelm+von+Kupffer+described+the+properties+of+some+liver+cells+now+called+Kupffer+cell&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi83sDE75_gAhU3IbkGHUcLByoQ6AEIKjAA#v=onepage&q=In%201876%2C%20Karl%20Wilhelm%20von%20Kupffer%20described%20the%20properties%20of%20some%20liver%20cells%20now%20called%20Kupffer%20cell&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Pathobiology of Human Disease: A Dynamic Encyclopedia of Disease Mechanisms |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=uQB0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1767&dq=In+1876,+Karl+Wilhelm+von+Kupffer+described+the+properties+of+some+liver+cells+now+called+Kupffer+cell&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi83sDE75_gAhU3IbkGHUcLByoQ6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=In%201876%2C%20Karl%20Wilhelm%20von%20Kupffer%20described%20the%20properties%20of%20some%20liver%20cells%20now%20called%20Kupffer%20cell&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Signaling Pathways in Liver Diseases |edition=Jean-Francois Dufour, Pierre-Alain Clavien |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=PgFyCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA61&dq=In+1876,+Karl+Wilhelm+von+Kupffer+described+the+properties+of+some+liver+cells+now+called+Kupffer+cell&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi83sDE75_gAhU3IbkGHUcLByoQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=In%201876%2C%20Karl%20Wilhelm%20von%20Kupffer%20described%20the%20properties%20of%20some%20liver%20cells%20now%20called%20Kupffer%20cell&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}}

| 1915 || || American chemist {{w|Jesse Francis McClendon}} tests [[w:Gastric acid|acidity]] of human stomach ''{{w|in situ}}''."<ref>McClendon J. F. New hydrogen electrodes and rapid methods of determining hydrogen ion concentrations.&nbsp;– Amer. J. Physoil., 1915, 38, 2, 180.</ref><ref name="Gastroenterology">{{cite web |title=Gastroenterology |url=http://www.gastroenterologistviswanath.com/gastro.html |website=gastroenterologistviswanath.com |accessdate=3 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=McClendon |first1=Jesse Francis |last2=Medes |first2=Grace |title=Physical chemistry in biology and medicine |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=C5Q6AAAAMAAJ&q=%22jesse+mcclendon+acidity&dq=%22jesse+mcclendon+acidity&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjl5YW39p_gAhW-E7kGHaexCZsQ6AEIKjAA}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}

| 1921 || ||  American medical doctor {{w|Walter Alvarez}} performs the first cutaneous electrogastrography (EEG).<ref>Alvarez W. C. The electrogastrogram and what it shows. JAMA, 78(15):1116-18, 1922.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Galmiche |first1=J. P. |title=Non-ulcer Dyspepsia: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Approaches |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=oAp1EgTCYcsC&pg=PA92&dq=%22Walter+Alvarez%22+%22electrogastrography%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwih34TN95_gAhUTK7kGHW23BisQ6AEIRTAF#v=onepage&q=%22Walter%20Alvarez%22%20%22electrogastrography%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Koch |first1=Kenneth L. |last2=Stern |first2=Robert Morris |title=Handbook of Electrogastrography |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=2kxnDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=%22Walter+Alvarez%22+%22electrogastrography%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwih34TN95_gAhUTK7kGHW23BisQ6AEIKjAA#v=onepage&q=%22Walter%20Alvarez%22%20%22electrogastrography%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering |edition=Gary E. Wnek, Gary L. Bowlin |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=0ThZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA947&dq=%22Walter+Alvarez%22+%22electrogastrography%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwih34TN95_gAhUTK7kGHW23BisQ6AEIQDAE#v=onepage&q=%22Walter%20Alvarez%22%20%22electrogastrography%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}

| 1932 || || "[[Rudolf Schindler (doctor)|Rudolf Schindler]] described many important diseases involving the human digestive system during [[World War I]] in his illustrated textbook and is portrayed by some as the "father of gastroscopy". He and [[Georg Wolf]] developed a semiflexible gastroscope in 1932." ||

| 1932 || || ''{{w|The American College of Gastroenterology}}'' is founded.<ref name="Seventy Years of Gastroenterology (1943–2013)"/> ||

| 1943 || Literature (journal) || Medical journal ''[[w:Gastroenterology (journal)|Gastroenterology]]'' is established.<ref name="Seventy Years of Gastroenterology (1943–2013)">{{cite web |title=Seventy Years of Gastroenterology (1943–2013) |website=https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(13)00752-X/fulltext |accessdate=2 February 2019}}</ref> ||

| 1954 || Literature (journal) || Medical journal ''{{w|Gastrointestinal Endoscopy}}'' is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=https://www.giejournal.org/article/S0016-5107(02)70063-1/pdf |url=https://www.giejournal.org/article/S0016-5107(02)70063-1/pdf |website=giejournal.org |accessdate=2 February 2019}}</ref> ||

| 1957 || || The fiberoptic endoscope is released.<ref name="A brief history of endoscopy"/> ||

| 1960–1967 || Medical development || American gastroenterologist Bergein Overholt, in conjunction with Eder Instrument Co., develop a flexible fiber-optic sigmoidoscope.

| 1963 || || {{w|Basil Hirschowitz}} reports a fiberoscope evolved to include a controllable tip, forward-viewing optics, channels for insufflation, and aspiration and passage of accessories, including biopsy forceps.<ref name="Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures in Gastroenterology: An Illustrated Guide">{{cite book |title=Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures in Gastroenterology: An Illustrated Guide |edition=Subbaramiah Sridhar, George Y. Wu |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=rkFKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA7&dq=1957,+Basil+Hirschowitz+introduced+the+first+prototype+of+a+fibreoptic+gastroscope&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiz1aHD_Z_gAhWUIbkGHSKNDHEQ6AEILDAA#v=onepage&q=1957%2C%20Basil%20Hirschowitz%20introduced%20the%20first%20prototype%20of%20a%20fibreoptic%20gastroscope&f=false}}</ref> ||

| 1966 || || The ''{{w|Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology}}'' is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/igas20 |website=tandfonline.com |accessdate=2 February 2019}}</ref> ||

| 1976 || Medical development || Lutz and Rosch incorporate ultrasound into a standard endoscope when passing an ultrasound probe through an accessory port of an endoscope.<ref name="Critical Care Medicine: Principles of Diagnosis and Management in the Adult"/> || {{w|Germany}}

| 1976 || Medical development || Lutz and Rosch report the use of 4 MHz Siemens ultrasonic probe, passed through a biopsy channel of an existing Olympus endoscope.<ref name="Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures in Gastroenterology: An Illustrated Guide"/> || {{w|Germany}}

| 1989 || || ''{{w|Neurogastroenterology & Motility}}''. ||

| 1991 || || Giancarlo Caletti performs on submucosal lessions of the stomach the first endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration.<ref name="Critical Care Medicine: Principles of Diagnosis and Management in the Adult"/> ||

| 1995 || Literature (journal) || ''{{w|Inflammatory Bowel Diseases}}''. ||

| 2003 || Literature (journal) || ''{{w|Gastrointestinal Nursing}}''  ||

| 2005 || || "In 2005, [[Barry Marshall]] and [[Robin Warren]] of Australia were awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for their discovery of ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]'' (1982/1983) and its role in [[peptic ulcer disease]]. James Leavitt assisted in their research, but the Nobel Prize is not awarded posthumously so he was not included in the award." ||

| 2007 || Literature (journal) || ''{{w|Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology}}''. ||

| 2012 || Organization || {{w|GI Forum}} ||

The initial version of the timeline was written by [[User:FIXME|FIXME]].