Difference between revisions of "Timeline of IBM"

Latest revision as of 19:35, 27 July 2023

This is a timeline of IBM, attempting to describe important events in the history of the company.

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Full timeline

Year		Event type	Details
1885		Technology	Julius E. Pitrap of Gallipolis, Ohio, patents his first computing scale. Pitrap's patents would be later acquired by a forerunner of IBM.[7]
1886		Technology	American inventor Herman Hollerith conducts the first practical test of his tabulating system in recording and tabulating vital statistics for the Baltimore Department of Health.[8]
1889		Organization	The International Time Recording Company (ITR) begins originally as the Bundy Manufacturing Company in Auburn, New York. ITR's main product line are mechanical time recorders invented and patented by Willard L. Bundy one year before.[9]
1891		Organization	American businessmen Edward Canby and Orange O. Ozias, from Dayton, Ohio, purchase the patents for the newly invented computing scale and incorporate the Computing Scale Company for the production of commercial scales.[10]
1895		Technology	The Computing Scale Company introduces the first automatic computing scale.[11]
1896		Organization	Herman Hollerith forms the Tabulating Machine Company in Washington, D.C., the result of a successful capitalization of his invented punch card tabulating machine, which uses an electric current to sense holes in punched cards and keep a running total of data.[12]
1900		Organization	George W. Fairchild establishes the International Time Recording Company as the selling agency of the Bundy Manufacturing Company, Willard and Frick Manufacturing Company, and Standard Time Stamp Company, which also manufactures a card recorder.[13]
1911	June 16	Organization	IBM is originally incorporated as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, a merger of the International Time Recording Company, Computing Scale Company, and the Tabulating Machine Company.[14][15][6][9]
1914		Directorate	American businessman Thomas J. Watson becomes the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company's general manager.[15][6]
1920		Product	CTR introduces its first printer, a printer-lister that could print the data contained on cards as well as the results of tabulations.[15][16]
1923	January 1	Acquisition	IBM acquires German firm Dehomag, which would serve as subsidiary of IBM with monopoly in the German market before and during World War II.[17][18]
1924			IBM (standing for International Business Machines) assumes its present name.[15][6]
1928		Product	IBM releases the Tabulator, which is able to do subtraction.[19]
1928		Program	IBM implements its "Suggestion Plan" program, giving cash rewards to employees who contribute viable ideas on how to improve products and procedures. It's the beginning of IBM's investment in research and development.[2]
1930	January 1	Acquisition	IBM acquires The Automatic Accounting Scale Company, a maker of automatic counting scales.[17]
1932	January 1	Acquisition	IBM acquires the National Counting Scale Company.[17]
1933		Acquisition	IBM purchases Electromatic Typewriters, Inc., entering the field of electric typewriters, in which it would eventually become an industry leader.[6]
1933		Policy	IBM introduces the 40-hour week for both manufacturing and office locations.[20]
1934		Policy	IBM becomes the first company to start group life insurance. The plan is created for all employees with at least one year of service.[21][20]
1934		Policy	IBM's factory employees are placed on salary, eliminating piece-work and providing employees and their families with an added degree of economic stability.[20]
1934		Product	IBM introduces the IBM 801 Bank Proof machine to clear bank checks.[20]
1937		Policy	IBM starts offering paid vacations to its employees.[21]
1937		Product	The IBM 805 test scoring machine is launched commercially.[15][22]
1938		Facility	IBM establishes new world headquarters on 590 Madison Avenue, New York city.[20]
c.1939		Production	IBM manufactures five to ten million punched cards each day, having thirty-two presses functioning within its branch in Endicott, New York.[19]
1941	January 1	Acquisition	IBM acquires Munitions Manufacturing Corporation.[17]
1942		Team	IBM launches a program to train and employ disabled people.[20][15]
1943		Facility	IBM establishes a facility in San Jose, California, to take advantage of a growing hive of electronics research in the area that would much later be called "Silicon Valley." Four years later, the hard disk drive would be invented in this facility.[2]
1943		Directorate	American businesswoman Ruth Leach Amonette becomes IBM’s first female vice president.[20][23]
1945		Facility	IBM Research (IBM's research and development division) begins with the opening of the Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory at Columbia University in Manhattan.[15]
1945–1946		Technology	IBM provides a translation system for the Nuremberg trials.[4]
1946		Product	IBM introduces an electric Chinese ideographic character typewriter, allowing experienced users to type at a rate of 40 to 45 Chinese words a minute.[20]
1946		Team	IBM hires Thomas Laster, the company's first African American salesman, 18 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1964.[20][23]
1948			The IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) is announced to the public.[15]
1952		Directorate	Thomas Watson, Jr. (Thomas J. Watson son) becomes president of IBM.[6]
1953			Thomas Watson Jr. reorganizes IBM in a fashion that represents modern management structure today, allowing him better visibility into the company. IBM transitions from medium-sized maker of tabulating equipment and typewriters to a computer company, with research and development boosted to 9 percent of the budget.[2]
1954		Product	IBM delivers the Naval Ordnance Research Calculator (NORC) for the United States Navy's Bureau of Ordnance.[15] NORC is likely the most powerful computer at the time.[24][25][26]
1954			IBM starts working in real-time computing with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[2]
1956		Faiclity	IBM Research – Zurich opens in Rüschlikon, near Zurich, Switzerland.[27]
1956	September 14	Product	The IBM 305 RAMAC is released. It is the first commercial computer using a moving-head hard disk drive (magnetic disk storage) for secondary storage.[28][15]	RAMAC disk
1956		Facility	IBM Rochester is established in Rochester, Minnesota.[29]
1957		Product	IBM releases Fortran, a general-purpose, imperative programming language.[15]
1958			IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin
1958		Facility	IBM Hursley is established as a research and development laboratory in Hursley House in Hampshire, England.[30]
1960		Personnel	By this time, IBM employs 100,000 people. During this period, IBM makes and sells massive computers to large governments and corporations.[4]
1961		Facility	The Thomas J. Watson Research Center is established. It is the headquarters for IBM Research.[15]
1961		Supercomputer	The IBM 7030 Stretch becomes the first IBM's first transistorized supercomputer. The first example is delivered to Los Alamos National Laboratory.[31]
1961			IBM international chess tournament
1962		Supercomputer	The IBM 7950 Harvest is delivered.[32]
1962			The IBM Fellows program is founded by Thomas J. Watson Jr. as a way to promote creativity among the company's "most exceptional" technical professionals and is granted in recognition of outstanding and sustained technical achievements and leadership in engineering, programming, services, science, design and technology.[33]
1963		Facility	The IBM Building opens in Seattle.[34]
1964	January 1	Acquisition	IBM acquires Science Research Associates, a Chicago publisher of education, test and guidance materials.[17]
1964			IBM computers are used in the Project Gemini.[15]
1964	February	Facility	The IBM Cambridge Scientific Center is established in Cambridge, Massachusetts.[35]
1964	April 7		The IBM System/360, a family of mainframe computer systems, is announced.[15][19] The System/360 is the first major family of computers to use interchangeable software and peripheral equipment.[2]
1966			The IBM Information Management System is released.[15]
1966		Product	The Dynamic random-access memory DRAM is developed by Robert Dennard at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center.[15]
1966		Marketing	IBM's initial logo is released.[21]
1967		Scientific development	Polish-born mathematician and IBM researcher Benoît Mandelbrot publishes the initial findings of what he would later describe as “fractal geometry".[36]
1967		Facility	The IBM Toronto Software Lab is established.[37]
1969			The Apollo 11 mission takes place, supported by four thousand IBM employees who built the computers and wrote many of the complex software programs that launched the Apollo missions.[36][15]
1969			IBM stops bundling hardware, services and software in packages and starts selling individually. This so-called "unbundling" would give birth to multibillion-dollar software and services industries.[1]
1971		Product	Floppy discs become commercially available as a component of IBM products.[15][38]
1972		Marketing	The current IBM logo is made available.[21]
1972		Facility	The IBM Haifa Research Laboratory opens in Haifa, Israel.[39]
1973	March	Product	The IBM 3340 hard disk unit, known as the Winchester, is introduced.[40]
1973		Product (hardware)	IBM 3890 is released.
1973		Facility	The IBM Plaza opens in Chicago. It is designed by famed architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[41]
1973		Technology	IBM develops a supermarket checkout station using glass prisms, lenses and a laser to read product prices.[1]
1974	January 1	Acquisition	IBM acquires Satellite Business Systems, a provider of private professional satellite communications.[17]
1974		Technology	IBM announces Systems Network Architecture (SNA), a networking protocol for computing systems.[20]
1975	September	Product	IBM introduces the IBM 5100, its first "portable" computer.[15][42][40]
1975		Product	The IBM 3350 Direct Access Storage Facility, code-named Madrid, is introduced for use with IBM System/370.[43]
1976		Product	IBM introduces the first laser printer.[15]
1976		Facility	The IBM Building, Johannesburg is completed.[44]
1978	February	Product	IBM begins working on its first microcomputer, a machine called System/23 Datamaster.[42]
1978		Product	IBM announces the IBM 5110, the successor of the IBM 5100 Portable Computer.[45]
1978		Facility	The IBM Rome Software Lab is established in Rome, Italy.[46]
1979	November 1	Product	The IBM 5520 is released as an administrative system able to support the creation, storage, retrieval and editing of documents ranging from single-page memos to multi-page manuals. Available in four models, it includes disk storage capacity up to 130 megabytes, and is able to accommodate from three to 12 printers.[47]
1980		Product (experimental minicomputer)	The first prototype computer employing Reduced instruction set computer architecture is produced and dubbed IBM 801 for the number of the building in which it was developed.[48][15]
1980	February	Product	The IBM 5120 is introduced.[49][45] This computer system is the lowest-priced IBM computer to date. It includes a main storage capacity of 32,768 characters of information, a 120 character-per-second printer and the BASIC programming language.[50]
1981	July	Product	The IBM System/23 Datamaster is released, combining word processing and data processing in a machine with the purpose to give small businesses access to information processing. It includes viewing screen, keyboard and diskette drives packaged in a single desktop console, and has the capacity to include two computer workstations.[51]
1981	August 12	Product	The IBM Personal Computer (model number 5150) is introduced.[6] It first includes the IBM BASIC programming language.[52]
1981		Scientific development	IBM scientists Rangaswamy Srinivasan, James J. Wynne and Samuel E. Blum discover how the newly invented excimer laser could remove specific human tissue without harming the surrounding area and do so on an extremely minute scale. Such process become the foundation for LASIK and PRK surgery.[36]
1981		Scientific development	IBM researchers Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer invent the scanning tunneling microscope, an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level that would revolutionize the ability to manipulate solid surfaces the size of atoms.[36]
1982	May		Microsoft releases MS-DOS 1.1 for the IBM PC.[40]
1982	June	Competition	Columbia Data Products releases the first IBM PC clone. [40]
1982	November	Product	Compaq Computer introduces the Compaq Portable PC, the first 100% IBM PC compatible system.[40]
1982		Facility	IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory is established as the Japan Science Institute (JSI) in Tokyo, Japan.[53]
1983			Steve Jobs offers IBM's Philip Don Estridge (known as the "father of the IBM PC") the position of president of Apple Computer, for US$1 million per year, US$1 million signing bonus, and US$2 million to buy a house. However, Estridge turns it down.[54]
1983	March 8	Product	The IBM Personal Computer XT is announced in New York city.[40][54]
1983	March 15	Product	The IBM 5550 is released in Japan.[54][55]
1983	March	Operating system	IBM releases the IBM Personal Computer Disk Operating System v2.00 (PC-DOS), with BASIC v2.00, at a price of US$60.[54]
1983		Product	IBM Planning Analytics is released.
1983	August 1	Facility	IBM establishes the Entry Systems Division in Boca Raton, Florida.[54]
1983	October	Product	The IBM 3270 PC is released.[54]
1983	December 31	Statistics	IBM cumulates one million shipped PC computers.[54]
1983			Microsoft shows IBM a raw version of Windows. However, IBM is not interested as they are already developing what later would be called TopView.[54]
1984	January	Legal	IBM sues American PC company Corona Data Systems for copyright violation of the IBM PC's BIOS. Corona agrees to cease its infringement.[54]
1984	January 12		IBM announces the Personal Computer Interactive Executive operating system.[54]
1984			IBM Award
1984	February	Product	The IBM Portable Personal Computer is released.[40]
1984	February 21	Legal	IBM files a lawsuit against microcomputer manufacturer Eagle Computer for copyright infringement of the BIOS used in the IBM PC. Eagle agrees on the same day to cease shipments of the infringing computers.[54]
1984	March 9	Agreement	American technology company Intel and IBM announce a licensing agreement for IBM to manufacture, for its own use, processors based on Intel designs.[54]
1984	March	Product	The IBM PCjr is released.[56]
1984	August 14	Product	The IBM Personal Computer/AT is released.[57]
1984	September 26	Acquisition	IBM acquires the ROLM Corporation, a tech company focused on hardware and software related to the telecommunications industry.[17]
1984	October	Product	The IBM JX is introduced.[58]
1985		Facility	The IBM Yamato Facility is completed in Yamato, Kanagawa, Japan.[59]
1985		Technology	IBM introduces a token-ring local area network, allowing personal computer users to exchange information and share printers and files within a building or complex.[1]
1986	April 3	Product	The IBM PC Convertible (a laptop that could be converted into a main desktop in seconds) is released.[60][61] It is the first laptop computer released by IBM.[62]
1986		Facility	IBM Almaden Research Center opens in Almaden Valley, San Jose, California.[15]
1987	April	Product	The IBM Personal System/2 is released.[63]
1987	October	Award	IBM researchers Georg Bednorz and Karl Alexander Müller are jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics "for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials".[15][64]
1987		Facility	The One Atlantic Center (also known as IBM Tower) is completed in Midtown Atlanta.[65][66]
1988		Partnership	IBM partners with the University of Michigan and MCI Communications to create the National Science Foundation Network (NSFNet).[2]
1989		Facility	The IBM Hakozaki Facility is completed in Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
1989		Organization	The IBM Academy of Technology is founded.[67]
1989			IBM (atoms)
1989	October	Facility	The IBM Somers Office Complex is completed in Somers, New York.[68]
1990		Product	The IBM System/390 is released.[15][69]
1992	April	Product	IBM announces the first Thinkpad tablet computer.[15][40]
1992		Facility	1250 René-Lévesque (also known as the IBM-Marathon Tower) is completed is Montreal, Canada.[70]
1993		Revenue	IBM's annual net losses reach record US$8 billion. The loss is attributed to the company being more focused on business clients than personal computer use.[15][1]
1994		Product	IBM releases the IBM Personal Dictation System (IPDS), the first wave of speech recognition products for the personal computer.[15]
1994	August	Acquisition	IBM acquires Transarc, a Pittsburg–based company focused on computer software.[17]
1995	July 6	Acquisition	IBM acquires Lotus Development Corporation, the developer of Lotus Software.[17]
1995	October	Facility	The IBM Austin Research Laboratory is established in Austin, Texas.[71]
1995		Facility	The IBM China Research Laboratory is established in Beijing.
1996	February 1	Acquisition	IBM acquires Tivoli Systems, a developer of systems management software and services.
1996			IBM Cloud and Smarter Infrastructure
1996	February 10	Achievement	IBM's Deep Blue chess-playing computer wins its first game against world champion Garry Kasparov.[72]
1996	April	Product	The IBM NetVista Software Suite is introduced.[73]
1996		Competition	Microsoft's market value passes that of IBM, as personal computing explodes, largely led by IBM's competitors like Dell and Compaq running Microsoft Windows.[4]
1997	March	Product	The IBM IntelliStation is announced.[74]
1997	October	Product	The IBM ThinkPad 770 starts production.[75]
1998		Facility	The IBM India Research Laboratory is established in Delhi, India.[76]
1999			Linux Technology Center
1999	July 12	Acquisition	IBM acquires the Sequent Computer Systems, a designer and manufacturer of multiprocessing computer systems.[17]
1999			Employees of IBM Europe form a European Works Council, a set of information and consultation bodies representing employees in European multinational companies.[77]
1999	July 27	Acquisition	IBM acquires Mylex, a leading provider of RAID storage subsystems.[17]
1999	September 22	Acquisition	IBM acquires security software firm Dascom.[17]
2000	February	Scientific development	IBM researchers discover a way to transport information on the atomic scale that uses the wave nature of electrons instead of conventional wiring. The new phenomenon, called the "quantum mirage" effect, may enable data transfer within future nanoscale electronic circuits too small to use wires.[15][78]
2000	September	Product	IBM announces the ThinkPad X Series, a line of notebook computers and convertible tablets.[79]
2001	May		Common Public License
2001	June 7	Acquisition	IBM acquires Mainspring, a designer and developer of digital business strategies.[17]
2001		Achievement	IBM becomes the first company to generate more than 3,000 patents in one year.[6]
2002	January 14	Acquisition	IBM acquires CrossWorlds Software, a provider of business integration software that unites and extends business processes.[17]
2002	March	Team	Samuel J. Palmisano is promoted to IBM's chief executive officer.[80]
2002	June 25	Acquisition	IBM acquires Metamerge, which specializes in directory integration software.[17]
2002	August 29	Acquisition	IBM acquires TrelliSoft, a provider of storage resources.[17]
2002	September 3	Acquisition	IBM acquires Access360, a provider of solutions for tackling Resource Provisioning Management (RPM).[17]
2002	September 12	Acquisition	IBM acquires El-Segundo, California–based HOLOSOFX, which works in the field of Business Process Management (BPM).[17]
2002	October 2		IBM acquires PwC Consulting, a subsidiary of PricewaterhouseCoopers, a multinational professional services network.[17]
2002	October 7	Acquisition	IBM acquires EADS Matra Datavision, a developer of software applications.[17]
2002	November 4	Acquisition	IBM acquires Tarian Software, the developer of the Tarian eRecordsEngine, an embedded electronic recordkeeping technology for business application software.[17]
2002		Acquisition	IBM sells its magnetic hard drive business to the Japanese electronics firm of Hitachi, for US$2.05 billion. Under the terms of the sale, IBM agreeds to continue the production of hard drives with Hitachi for three years in a joint venture known as Hitachi Global Storage Technologies.[6]
2003	February 20	Acquisition	IBM acquires Rational Software Corporation, a provider of integrated solutions that automate the software development process.[17]
2003	May 14	Acquisition	IBM acquires Think Dynamics, a developer of software that introduces true Utility Computing into environments that support multiple e-Business Internet.[17]
2003	July 15	Acquisition	IBM acquires Aptrix, a privately-held, Australia-based provider of web content management software.[81][17]
2003	October 14	Acquisition	IBM acquires CrossAccess Corporation, a provider of data integration infrastructure software.[17]
2003	November 13	Acquisition	IBM acquires Productivity Solutions, a Jacksonville, Florida-based vendor of retail self-checkout systems.[17]
2003	December 17	Acquisiton	IBM acquires Green Pasture Software, a provider of document management software.[17]
2004	March 9	Acquisition	IBM acquires Trigo Technologies, which develops product information management solutions for global manufacturers, distributors, and retailers.[17]
2004	April 7	Acquisition	IBM acquires Daksh Infosoft, a business process outsourcing company in India.[17]
2004	June 7	Acquisition	IBM acquires El Segundo, California-based Candle Corporation, which offers solutions to help customers develop, deploy and manage their enterprise infrastructure.[17]
2004	July 14	Acquisition	IBM acquires Mountain View, California-based AlphaBlox, a maker of software that embeds analytics into existing business processes.[17][82]
2004	July 29	Acquisition	IBM acquires software company Cyanea Systems, which develops software used by businesses to monitor the performance of their enterprise applications.[83][17]
2004	August 17	Acquisition	IBM acquires Danish company Maersk Data, which provides consulting capabilities in the transportation and logistics industry.[84][17]
2004	August 26	Acquisition	IBM acquires Venetica, a provider of enterprise content integration (ECM) software.[85][17]
2004	October 12	Acquisition	IBM acquires Montreal-based Systemcorp A.L.G., which develops project management systems to co-ordinates IT projects.[86][17]
2004	November 23	Acquisition	IBM acquires Liberty Insurance Services, which administers policies for insurance companies worldwide.[87][17]
2004	December 13	Acquisition	IBM acquires Paris-based KeyMRO, a provider of outsource procurement services.[17][88]
2004		Supercomputer	IBM Blue Gene is unveiled, at the time both the most powerful supercomputer and the most efficient, consuming only a fraction of the energy and floor space of any other supercomputer.[36]
2005	January 7	Acquisition	IBM acquires Las Vegas, Nevada-based SRD, a provider of identity resolution software.[17][89]
2005	January 25	Acquisition	IBM acquires CORIO, an enterprise Application Service Provider (ASP) that deploys and manages enterprise applications from software vendors.[17]
2005	February 2	Acquisition	IBM acquires Equitant, a global business transformation outsourcing (BTO) provider that focuses on the management and optimization of the Order-to-Cash cycle for large companies.[90]
2005	May 2	Acquisition	IBM acquires Ascential Software, a data integration provider, for US$1.1 billion.[91][17]
2005	May 10	Acquisition	IBM acquires Gluecode Software, a start-up developer of open-source infrastructure software.[92][17]
2005	June 23	Acquisition	IBM acquires Meiosys, a developer of software that allows applications to be moved dynamically from one server to another without disruption.[93][17]
2005	July 27	Acquisition	IBM acquires New York-based Isogon Corporation, which provides IT asset management solutions.[17]
2005	August 2	Acquisition	IBM acquires DWL, a customer data software provider in Atlanta and Toronto.[94][17]
2005	August 5	Acquisition	IBM acquires PureEdge Solutions, a developer of electronic forms based on XML standards.[95][17]
2005	October 18	Acquisition	IBM acquires DataPower Technology, a developer of technologies that bridge disparate network equipment and applications.[96][17]
2005	November 1	Acquisition	IBM acquires iPhrase Technologies, a company that specializes in software for online commerce.[17][97]
2005	November 9	Acquisition	IBM acquires Network Solutions Private Limited, a company in India which offers IT Infrastructure Services.[17]
2005	November 16	Acquisition	IBM acquires Collation, a company that makes application resource mapping software.[98][17]
2005	December 20	Acquisition	IBM acquires Bowstreet, a provider of application development tools for portals.[99][17]
2005	December 21	Acquisition	IBM acquires San Francisco-based Micromuse, a provider of network management software, for US$865 million.[100][17]
2005		Acquisition	Hitachi takes full control of Hitachi Global Storage Technologies and IBM stops building hard drives, a device that it invented in 1956.[6]
2005	December	Acquisition	IBM sells its personal computer division to Lenovo, a major Chinese manufacturer.[6][15]
2006	January 25	Acquisition	IBM acquires CIMS Lab, a developer of software that tracks the usage of computing resources in virtualized technology environments.[101][17]
2006	January 27	Acquisition	IBM acquires ARGUS Semiconductor Software, an advanced lithography process control system that gives users real-time run-to-run capability to control processes using measurement results from upstream and downstream processes.[102][17]
2006	February 8	Acquisition	IBM acquires Viacore, a provider of business process integration solutions for real-time supply chain visibility.[17][103]
2006	March 16	Acquisition	IBM acquires Language Analysis Systems, a developer of multicultural name recognition technology.[104][17]
2006	May 2	Acquisition	IBM acquires BuildForge, a developer of software that allows users to automate their software development processes to meet audit and compliance requirements.[105][17]
2006	May 8	Acquisition	IBM acquires Unicorn Solutions, which specializes in enterprise architecture and metadata management.[106][17]
2007	August 22	Acquisition	IBM acquires Webdialogs, which develops online meeting and communication solutions that include voice, video and Web conferencing, data collaboration, and Web.[17]
2007	September 4	Acquisition	IBM acquires DataMirror, which develops and markets data integration, protection, and auditing software.[17]
2007	October 24	Acquisition	IBM acquires NovusCG, a privately held storage solutions company.[17]
2007	December 6	Acquisition	IBM acquires Arsenal Digital Solutions, which provides on-demand data protection services for server and personal computer data protection.[17]
2007	December 21	Acquisition	IBM acquires Helsinki–based in-memory database software provider Solid Information Technology, with the purpose of broadening information on demand portfolio.[17][107][108][109]
2008	January 2	Acquisition	IBM acquires XIV, which designs, develops, and supplies data storage systems for enterprise organizations and their data centers.[17]
2008	January 18	Acquisition	IBM acquires Net Integration Technologies, a software development company that focuses on developing Linux-based server operating system.[17]
2008	January 23	Acquisition	IBM acquires AptSoft, which provides event processing design and execution platform to help companies to implement event-driven applications as part of service oriented architecture.[17]
2008	January 31	Acquisition	IBM acquires Cognos, which provides business intelligence and performance management software solutions for organizations.[17]
2008	March 12	Acquisition	IBM acquires Encentuate, which provides identity and access management solutions without requiring enterprises to change their existing IT infrastructure..[17]
2008	April 2	Product	IBM Power Systems is released.
2008	April 10	Acquisition	IBM acquires FilesX, which provides software solutions that facilitate the recovery of volume, files and application data in heterogeneous storage environments.[17]
2008	April 22	Acquisition	IBM acquires Tel Aviv-based de-duplication software specialist Diligent.[17]
2008	April 29	Acquisition	IBM acquires InfoDyne Corporation, which provides enterprise products and solutions to the financial market.[17]
2008	May	Supercomputer	The IBM Bluefire Supercomputer is installed.[110]
2008	July 2	Acquisition	IBM acquires Platform Solutions, which develops open mainframe computers compatible with a set of data center environments and operating systems.[17]
2008	July 28	Acquisition	IBM acquires business rules management software maker ILOG.[17]
2008	November 18	Acquisition	IBM acquires Transitive, which specializes in cross-platform virtualization technology.[17]
2008	November		Smarter Planet
2008		Partnership	IBM Research, the United States Department of Agriculture and candy-maker Mars, Incorporated teamed up to sequence the cocoa genome in an effort to help farmers grow tastier, more disease-resistant and more productive cocoa trees.[36]
2008		Production	IBM becomes the first company to generate more than 4,000 patents in one year.[6]
2009	April 16	Acquisition	IBM acquires Outblaze, a technology company that develops and provides digital media products and services.[17]
2009	May 5	Acquisition	IBM acquires Exeros, which provides data discovery software.[17]
2009	July 20	Acquisition	IBM acquires source code security testing vendor Ounce Labs.[17]
2009	July 28	Acquisition	IBM acquires SPSS, which provides predictive analytics software and solutions for survey authoring and deployment, data mining, and text analytics.[17]
2009	September 22	Acquisition	IBM acquires RedPill Solutions, a customer focused consulting company.[17]
2009	September	Recognition	United States President Barack Obama recognizes IBM and the Blue Gene family of supercomputers with the National Medal of Technology and Innovation.[36]
2009	November 30	Acquisition	IBM acquires Guardium, a database security company that delivers solutions to prevent information leaks and ensures the integrity of enterprise data.[17]
2009	December 16	Acquisition	IBM acquires Lombardi Software, which provides business process management software and services in the United States.[17]
2010	January 20	Acquisition	IBM acquires American security and analytics consultancy National Interest Security Company.[17]
2010	February 3	Acquisition	IBM acquires Initiate Systems, a software firm that enables companies to strategically leverage and share critical data assets.[17]
2010	February 16	Acquisition	IBM acquires network automation software provider Intelliden, to boost network automation.[111][112][113]
2010	May 3	Acquisition	IBM acquires Mountain View-based Cast Iron Systems, which delivers industry-leading cloud integration software, appliances and services.[17]
2010	May 24	Acquisition	IBM acquires Sterling Commerce, a provider of order management, B2B and managed file transfer ("MFT") products.[17]
2010	June	Facility	IBM Research – Brazil is established, its first in South America. It has locations in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.[114]
2010		Supercomputer	The first IBM Aquasar system becomes operational at ETH Zurich.[115]
2011		Facility	IBM Research – Australia opens as a development laboratory in Melbourne.[116]
2011		Award	IBM Watson computer wins first prize on the quiz show Jeopardy!, against legendary champions Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings.[15][117][118]
2011		Facility	IBM Research – Ireland is established in American television game show Dublin.
2011			IBM turns 100, and celebrates by passing Microsoft's market value for the first time in 15 years and watching the Watson computing platform destroy the human competition in Jeopardy.[4]
2012	January	Team	Ginni Rometty becomes president and chief executive officer of IBM.[119]
2012	June	Supercomputer	IBM's Fermi is installed for the Italian and European scientific and industrial research. It is the most powerful supercomputer available in Italy.[120]
2012		Scientific development	IBM scientists announce the creation of the world's smallest magnetic memory bit, made of just 12 atoms.[36]
2013	November	Facility	IBM Research – Africa officially launches at the Catholic University of Eastern Africa in Nairobi, Kenya.[121]
2015	February	Facility	IBM launches its second Africa lab in Johannesburg, South Africa.[122]
2016		Partnership	IBM partners with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to enhance artificial intelligence.[15]
2016	June 1	Acquisition	IBM acquires Israeli application discovery company EZSource, to help developers modernize mainframe applications for digital business.[123][124][125]
2016	September 29	Acquisition	IBM acquires Promontory Financial Group, a global market-leading risk management and regulatory compliance consulting firm.[126][127][128]
2016	October 27	Acquisition	IBM acquires Sanovi Technologies, a business continuity and IT recovery software company that enables continuity for enterprises and cloud service providers.[17]
2016	November 1	Acquisition	IBM acquires Expert Personal Shopper (XPS), a dialogue-based product recommendation platform that radically enhances product discoverability.[17]
2017	January 23	Acquisition	IBM acquires Agile 3 Solutions, which builds products to aid clients in transforming their business operations.[17]
2017	May 2	Acquisition	IBM acquires Verizon - Cloud services.[17]
2017	September 24	Acquisition	IBM acquires Israeli data center networking startup Cloudigo.[17][129][130][131]
2017	October 4	Acquisition	IBM acquires Australian startup Vivant Digital business (Vivant), a boutique digital and innovation agency.[17][132][133]
2020	July 30	Product	IBM Cognos Analytics is released.
2021	May 6	Technology introduction	IBM introduces what it claims it is the world's first 2-nanometer chipmaking technology, which could be as much as "45% faster than the mainstream 7-nanometer chips in many of today's laptops and phones and up to 75% more power efficient", according to the company.[134]

Numerical and visual data

Google Scholar

The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of June 27, 2021.

Google Trends

The image below shows Google Trends data for IBM (Computer hardware company) from January 2004 to February 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.^[135]

Google Ngram Viewer

The chart below shows Google Ngram Viewer data for IBM from 1911 to 2019.^[136]>

Wikipedia Views

The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article IBM on desktop from December 2007, and on mobile-web, desktop-spider,mobile-web-spider and mobile app, from July 2015; to January 2021.^[137]

Meta information on the timeline

How the timeline was built

The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.

Funding information for this timeline is available.

Feedback and comments

Feedback for the timeline can be provided at the following places:

• FIXME

What the timeline is still missing

• Category:IBM
• https://www.forbes.com/sites/moorinsights/2023/02/13/ibm-demonstrates-groundbreaking-artificial-intelligence-research-using-foundational-models-and-generative-ai/?sh=67a4550b750d
• https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/06/ibms-first-100-years-a-heavily-illustrated-timeline/240502/
• https://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/history/decade_1890.html
• https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/ibm/acquisitions/acquisitions_list#section-acquisitions
• https://www.thoughtco.com/ibm-history-1991407], [https://www.thoughtco.com/ibm-timeline-1992491

Timeline update strategy

See also

External links

References