Difference between revisions of "Timeline of hematology"

Latest revision as of 20:42, 12 March 2024

This is a timeline of hematology, listing important events in the development of the field. Events related to transfusion are described in the Timeline of transfusion medicine.

Big picture

Time period	Development summary
Ancient history	“Blood letting” instruments are used in Ancient Egypt.^[1]
17th century	Dutch microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, using a primitive, single-lens microscope, already observes red blood cells (erythrocytes) and compared their size with that of a grain of sand.^[2]
18th century	English physiologist William Hewson is considered to be the "father of hematology". Hewson manages to amplify the description of red cells and demonstrates the role of fibrin in the clotting (coagulation) of blood.^[3]^[2]
19th century	Bone marrow is recognized as the site of blood-cell formation in the 19th century, along with the first clinical descriptions of pernicious anemia, leukemia, and a number of other disorders of the blood.^[2]
20th century	The discovery by Karl Landsteiner of the ABO blood group system in the first quarter of the 20th century makes possible the transfusion of blood from one person to another without the serious ill effects that ensue when incompatible blood is given. The study of the blood disease anemia gains impetus from the introduction of the hematocrit, an apparatus for determining the volume of red blood cells as compared with the volume of plasma, and the introduction in 1932 of a simple method of measuring the volume and hemoglobin. After World War II, the field of hematology broadens.^[2] In the 1950s, plastic intra venous tubing replaces rubber tubing.^[4]^[1] The 1960s is the decade in which most of the modern understanding of platelet funcion is initiated.^[5] In the 1970s, the combination of several observational studies identifying a possible role for prophylactic platelet transfusion in hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia and the discovery that platelets are best stored at room temperature with gentle agitation to preserve function allow for the proliferation of platelet transfusions as part of standard management of patients receiving chemotherapy.^[6] In the 1980s, the emergence of HIV renews impetus for development of infection-safe blood substitutes.^[7]

Full timeline

Year	Event type	Details	Location
3255 BC		The oldest intact red blood cells ever discovered are found in Ötzi, a natural mummy of a man who died around that time.^[8]
460 BC – 377 BC	Field development	Greek physician Hippocrates teaches the humoral theory, a hypothetical system to explain illness in which balance equals health, and excess or deficiency equals illness.^[1]	Greece
1616	Field development	English physician William Harvey discovers blood pathways. Since then many people try to use fluids such as beer, urine, milk, and non-human animal blood as blood substitute.^[9]	United Kingdom
1628	Field development	English physician William Harvey publishes Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus (Movement of the Heart and the Blood in Animals), which demonstrates the concept of blood circulation.^[5]	United Kingdom
1642	Scientific development	Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek constructs a microscope and distinguishes blood cells.^[1]	Netherlands
1656	Field development	English anatomist Christopher Wren gives the first intravenous injection in animals.^[1]	United Kingdom
1658	Field development	Dutch biologist Jan Swammerdam first describes red blood cells by means of the use of an early microscope to study the blood of a frog.
1662	Field development	J. C. Major gives the first intravenous injection in humans.^[1]
1665	Field development	English physician Richard Lower performs the first documented blood transfusion using dogs and notes a color difference between veins and arteries.^[6]^[1]	United Kingdom
1666	Field development	Italian physician Marcello Malpighi notices that fiber filaments remain in a blood clot after it is thoroughly washed.^[10]	Italy
1667	Field development	French physician Jean-Baptiste Denys and Richard Lower separately report giving the first human blood transfusion with blood fromlambs. Within 10 years, transfusing the blood of animals to humans becomes prohibited by law, delaying transfusion advances for about 150 years.^[1]	France, United Kingdom
1674	Field development	Pioneer microscopist Anton van Leeuwenhoek writes his own description of human red blood cells.^[11]	Netherlands
1675	Field development	Anton van Leeuwenhoek makes the remarkable discovery that "those sanguineous globules in a healthy body must be very flexible and pliant, if they are to pass through the small capillary veins and arteries, and that in their passage they change into an oval figure, reassuming their roundness when they come into a larger room."^[11]	Netherlands
1770	Field development	British surgeon William Hewson describes leukocytes and some essential clottingfactors. Hewson becomes known as “the father of hematology.”^[1]
1771	Literature	William Hewson publishes Experimental Inquiry into the Properties of the Blood.^[5]	United Kingdom
1795	Field development	American physician Philip Syng Physick claims to perform the first human-to-human blood transfusion, although he does not publish this information.^[1]
1821 – 1902	Field development	German physician Rudolf Virchow disproves a prominent view that phlebitis (inflammation of a vein) causes most diseases. Virchow demonstrates that masses in the blood vessels result from “thrombosis” (his term) and that portions of a thrombus could become detached to form an “embolus” (also his term).^[12]	Germany
1827	Literature	Amateur British opticist Joseph Jackson Lister and fellow Quaker Dr Thomas Hodgkin publish Notice of some Microscopic Observations of the Blood and Animal Tissues.^[5]	United Kingdom
1830	Instrumental	The gold-plated steel needle for intravenous use is invented.^[4]
1840	Field development	English surgeon Samuel Armstrong Lane performs the first successful whole blood transfusion to treat hemophilia.^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]	United Kingdom
1840s	Field development	English anatomist George Gulliver publishes early illustrations of platelets.^[5]	United Kingdom
1842	Field development	French microscopist Alexandre Donné identifies platelets.^[17]^[18]
1867	Field development	British surgeon Joseph Lister uses antiseptics to control infection during transfusions.^[1]	United Kingdom
1875	Field development	Zahn reports that an injured blood vessel is eventually plugged by a fibrin-associated white thrombus. This observation leads to the discovery that platelets are responsible for contributing fibrin in the blood coagulation process.^[10]
1877	Field development	German-Jewish physician Paul Ehrlich develops techniques to stain blood cells to improve microscopic visualization.^[19]	Germany
1882	Field development	Italian medical researcher Giulio Bizzozero describes blood platelets.^[20]^[5]	Italy
1897	Literature	American pediatrician Luther Emmett Holt publishes The Diseases of Infancy and Childhood, which includes a 20-page chapter on diseases of the blood and is the first American pediatric medical textbook to provide significant hematologic information.^[19]^[21]	United States
1901	Field development	Austrian biologist Karl Landsteiner and his associates discover the ABO blood group system, and define the different blood groups: A, B, AB, and O. Such names refer to the different kinds of antigens on the surface of the red blood cell.^[22]^[23]^[24]^[25]
1902	Field development	Alfred Decastello and Adriano Sturli add bloodtype AB to the classification system.^[26]
1904	Literature	Folia Haematologica is established in Germany. It is the first hematology journal in the world.^[27]	Germany
1906	Field development	James Wright describes the bone marrow and megakaryocyte origin of platelets.^[5]
1907	Field development	American pathologist Ludvig Hektoen from Chicago, explains the significance of isoagglutinins in human blood and how the untoward reactions are related to them.^[28]^[19]	United States
1908	Field development	American haematologist Reuben Ottenberg develops clinical methods for typing bloods.^[28]	United States
1910	Field development	Sickle cell disease is first described.^[29]
1910	Field development	Duke notes that transfusions reduce the bleeding time. After this, transfusions become recognized as successful therapeutic hemostatic intervensions.^[6]
1914	Field development	American scientist, Richard Lewisohn, discovers that sodium citrate can be added to blood to stop it clotting.^[30]^[25]^[19]
1918	Field development	The use of blood plasma as a substitute for whole blood and for transfusion purposes is proposed by Gordon R. Ward. The use of blood plasma as a substitute for whole blood and for transfusion purposes was proposed in the same year, in the correspondence columns of the British Medical Journal.	United Kingdom
1920	Field development	The investigation of the role of food substances in the production of red blood cells is launched. It would lead to discovery of the beneficial effects of liver extract in treating pernicious anemia and ultimately to the discovery of vitamin B12, the anti-anemic principle of liver.^[2]
1920	Literature	Journal Haematologica is first published.^[31]^[32] It is the second in the world to be released.^[27]	Italy
1924	Literature	Pediatrics becomes the first comprehensive American publication on pediatric hematology.^[19]
1925	Field development	Canadian physician Alfred P. Hart introduces exsanguination ("exchange") transfusion to treat severe neonatal jaundice.^[33]^[34]^[35]^[19]
1925	Field development	American pediatrician Thomas Benton Cooley describes a Mediterranean hematologic syndrome of anemia, erythroblastosis, skeletal disorders, and splenomegaly that is later called Cooley’s anemia and now thalassemia.^[19]
1927	Field development	The P blood group system is discovered.^[36] It is considered among the major blood group systems.^[37]
1927	Organization	The French Society of Hematology is formed. It is the first hematology organization in the world.^[27]	France
1927	Literature	Journal La Sang is released in France.^[27]	France
1927	Field development	Karl Landsteiner and Philip Levine discover the MNS antigen system, after immunizing rabbits with human red blood cells.^[38] It is considered among the major blood group systems.^[37]
1932	Field development	A simple method of measuring the volume and hemoglobin is introduced.^[2]
1933	Field development	The formation of cryoprecipitate is first observed in relation to a patient with multiple myeloma.^[39]
1935	Field development	Danish biochemist Carl Peter Henrik Dam finds that bleeding in chicks that developed an excessive bleeding disorder in response to synthetic diets, do not occur if their synthetic chow was replaced with one fortified with a specific vitamin. Dam labels this antihemorrhagic agent “vitamin K” and establishes its essential role in normal blood coagulation.^[10]	Denmark
1936	Organization	The World's first blood bank opens in Chicago.^[40]^[41]^[25]	United States
1936	Field development	American hematologist John H. Lawrence of the University of California, Berkeley introduces phosphorus-32 for the treatment of leukemia.^[42]^[43]^[44]	United States
1937	Organization	The Japanese Society of Hematology (JSH) is founded in Kyoto. It is the second hematology organization in the world.^[45]^[27]	Japan
1937	Field development	Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Wiener identify the Rh factor (an abbreviation of "Rhesus factor") in blood.^[13] The Rhesus-system is the second most important blood group system after ABO.^[46]
1938	Literature	Journal Acta Haematologica Japonica is established. In 1991, it would be renamed International Journal of Hematology.^[27]	Japan
1938	Field development	American pediatricians {Louis Diamond (known as the “father of American pediatric hematology”) and Kenneth Blackfan describe the anemia still known as Diamond-Blackfan anemia.^[19]	United States
1941	Literature	Blackfan, Diamond, and Leister publish The Atlas of the Blood of Children.^[19]
1945	Field development	Robin Coombs, Arthur Mourant and Rob Race describe the use of antihuman globulin (later known as the “Coombs Test”) to identify “incomplete” antibodies.^[19]
1945	Field development	Antigen Lu^a, the first in the Lutheran antigen system, is found in the serum of a patient with lupus erythematosus.^[47] Antibodies against this blood group are rare and generally not considered clinically significant.^[46]
1946	Literature	Journal Blood is established by William Dameshek.^[48]
1946–1948	Field development	The Lewis blood group system is identified. It is considered among the major blood group systems.^[37] Consisting in antigens Le^a and Le^b, the second reaches a frequency of 70 percent in Europeans.^[49]
1946	Field development	Austro-Hungarian biochemist Erwin Chargaff and Randolph West discover that platelet-free plasma exhibits clotting properties.^[10]
1946	Field development	The Kell blood group system is discovered.^[50] It is considered among the major blood group systems.^[37] These erythrocyte antigens are the third most potent immunogenic antigen after ABO and Rh system.^[46]
1947	Field development	Lerner and Watson introduce the term "cryoglobulin", demonstrating the reversibility of the phenomenon when the sera are heated to 37°C.^[39]
1947	Field development	Australian serologist Ruth Ann Sanger and Robert Russell Race identify the S and s genes.^[26]
1950s	Instrumental	The “butterfly” needle and intercath are developed, making intravenous access easier and safer.^[19]
1950	Organization	The Society for Hematology and Stem Cells is founded by a group of scientists for the presentation and discussion of experimental hematology pre-clinical data.^[51]
1950	Field development	The Duffy antigen system is discovered.^[38] It is considered among the major blood group systems.^[37]
1951	Field development	The Kidd blood group system is discovered.^[52] It is considered among the major blood group systems.^[37] Kidd antibodies are rare but can cause severe transfusion reactions.^[46]
1952	Field development	Hh blood group (also known as Oh or the Bombay blood group) is first discovered in Bombay (Mumbai), India.^[53] It is a very rare histo-blood group phenotype.^[54]	India
1954	Field development	The blood product cryoprecipitate is developed to treat bleeds in people with hemophilia.^[19]
1954	Field development	Peterman and Braunsteiner report cryoprecipitates of immunoglobulins with different sedimentation rates, thus introducing the concept of "mixed cryoglobulinaemia".^[39]
1955	Literature	The British Journal of Haematology is launched.^[55]^[56]	United Kingdom
1955	Field development	The Diego antigen system is discovered.^[38] It is very rare among [[w:caucasian race\|Caucasians}} and Blacks, but relatively common among the South American Indians and Asians of Mongolian origin.^[57]	Venezuela
1958	Organization	The American Society of Hematology is founded.^[58]^[59]	United States
1959	Field development	Austrian-born British molecular biologist Max Perutz uses X-ray crystallography to determine the overall structure of hemoglobin.^[60]^[61]^[62]^[63]
1959	Organization	The Japanese Society of Clinical Hematology is established in Tokyo.^[27]	Japan
1960	Organization	The British Society for Haematology is founded.^[64]	United Kingdom
1960	Field development	The Gerbich blood group system is discovered.^[65]
1961	Field development	Researchers identify role of platelets in treating cancer patients.^[66]^[25]
1962	Field development	At an International Committee on Blood Clotting Factors conference in Stockholm, English hematologist Robert Gwyn Macfarlane of Oxford and American researcher Oscar Ratnoff propose that the coagulation process involves an enzyme acting on its substrate to make it an active enzyme, which subsequently acts on its own distinct substrate. This type of enzymatic activation continues down a line of substrates before coagulation is achieved.^[10]	Sweden
1962	Field development	The Xg antigen system is discovered by Mann in the serum of a multiply transfused male.^[65]
1962	Field development	The first antihemophilic factor concentrate to treat coagulation disorders in hemophilia patients is developed through fractionation.^[19]
1962	Field development	Researchers at CSL Behring develop a new plasma fractionation method that provides significantly better yields of the valuable proteins isolated from human plasma.^[67]
1962	Field development	Platelet transfusion begins to be used more routinely, especially in cancer patients when the relationship between thrombocytopenia and hemorrage is noted.^[6]
1965	Field development	The Cromer blood group system is discovered.^[65]
1965	Field development	The first antibody of the Dombrock system is identified.^[68]
1967	Organization	The Turkish Society of Hematology is founded.^[69]	Turkey
1967	Field development	Peter Wolf first identifies microparticles as a product of platelets.^[10]
1967	Field development	The Colton blood group system is identified.^[70]
1968	Field development	Rh immune globulin (RhIg) is first licensed as a human plasma-derived product consisting of IgG antibodies to the D antigen. It is used to prevent immunization to the D antigen in D-negative individuals and for the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).^[71]
1970	Field development	Webber and Johnson find that platelet alpha granule contents are encompassed into vesicles, which come together to form a membrane complex at the surface of the platelet.^[10]
1972	Literature	Journal Experimental Hematology is launched by the International Society for Experimental Hematology, incorporated the same year as the continuation of the Society for Hematology and Stem Cells.^[72]
1974	Literature	Davis Nathan and Stuart Oski publish Hematology of Infancy and Childhood.^[19]
1974	Field development	The Scianna blood group system is established.^[73] Composed of three antigens, the first, Sc1, a high frequency antigen, is found in greater than 99 % of most populations. The frequency of Sc2 is about 1% of Northern Europeans but the frequency is much lower in other populations. The incidence of Sc:1,2 is more common in Mennonites.^[74]
1975	Literature	Journal Blood Cells, Molecules and Diseases is established.^[75]
1976	Literature	The American Journal of Hematology is established.^[76]	United States
1977	Field development	Kitamura first observes that mast cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cells shown by transplantation of bone marrow cells from mutant mice.^[27]	Japan
1977	Field development	Miyake et al first purify erythropoietin.^[27]	Japan
1978	Field development	The Duclos antigen is identified.^[77]
1970s	Field development	Alan T. Nurden, Jacques P. Caen, David R. Phillips, and others describe the molecular basis of platelet aggregation.^[20]
1980	Field development	The ISBT Working Party on Terminology for Red Cell Surface Antigens is established with the goal of creating a uniform nomenclature.^[65]
1980	Field development	Molecular biology is applied to the study of blood groups.^[78]
1981	Organization	The American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology is founded.^[79]^[80]	United States
1983	Field development	Doctors in France and the United States discover the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).^[25]	United States, France
1986	Field development	Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is cloned independently in Japan.^[27]	Japan
1986	Field development	The Ol^a antigen is identified.^[77] A rare blood group antigen, Only one Ol^a+ person was found among the 7, 151 blood donors tested.^[81]
1987	Literature	Journal Blood Reviews is established.^[82]
1990s	Field development	Recombinant factor replacement products are used to treat hemophilia.^[25]
1990	Field development	The Er blood group collection is established as a blood group.^[83]
1990	Literature	Peer-reviewed medical journal Platelets is first issued.^[84]
1991	Field development	The Knops blood group system is established.^[65] Most of the anigens of this system are common, occurring with a prevalence of >90% in most populations.^[85]
1992	Organization	The International Society for Laboratory Hematology is founded by an international group of laboratory professionals in order to chart new directions for laboratory hematology.^[86]
1992	Organization	The European Hematology Association is founded in Brussels.^[87]	Belgium
1994	Field development	Researchers investigating the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation on monocyte procoagulant activity, reveal that the microparticles released by stimulated human monocytes possess more tissue factor activity than their parent monocytes.^[10]
2002	Field development	The GIL blood group system is established.^[88] It is designated as system 29.^[89]
2008	Literature	Journal Expert Review of Hematology is released.^[90]
2008	Literature	The Open Hematology Journal is released.^[91]
2008	Field development	The RHAg (Rh-associated glycoprotein) is established as a blood group system.^[77]
2011	Field development	The FORS blood group system is established as the 31st blood group system.^[92]^[93]

Numerical and visual data

Google Scholar

The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of June 5, 2021.

Year	hematology	hematology oncology	pediatric hematology	hematopathology
1980	7,590	2,670	698	60
1985	9,060	4,160	1,230	85
1990	11,500	5,600	1,630	112
1995	18,500	8,360	2,600	276
2000	46,300	13,900	5,190	412
2002	52,100	14,700	5,470	521
2004	64,500	20,000	6,690	547
2006	73,300	22,800	7,920	609
2008	88,400	33,100	9,790	707
2010	96,500	31,800	10,900	722
2012	108,000	41,500	13,900	1,120
2014	110,000	40,900	15,300	1,080
2016	107,000	47,000	17,400	1,310
2017	102,000	48,100	18,200	1,200
2018	93,500	47,500	18,900	1,340
2019	83,500	45,000	19,900	1,520
2020	56,400	32,200	22,800	1,330

Google Trends

The comparative chart below shows Google Trends data for Hematology (Branch of medicine) and Hematology (Search term) from January 2004 to February 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.^[94]

Google Ngram Viewer

The chart below shows Google Ngram Viewer data for Hematology from 1600 to 2019.^[95]

Wikipedia Views

The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article Hematology, on desktop, mobile-web, desktop-spider, mobile-web-spider and mobile app, from July 2015 to January 2021.^[96]

Meta information on the timeline

How the timeline was built

The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.

Funding information for this timeline is available.

Feedback and comments

Feedback for the timeline can be provided at the following places:

FIXME

What the timeline is still missing

Timeline update strategy

External links

References

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↑ "Rho(D) immune globulin". sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
↑ Fagan, Melinda. Philosophy of Stem Cell Biology: Knowledge in Flesh and Blood.
↑ Harmening, Denise M. Modern Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices.
↑ "Scianna". scarfex.jove.prohosting.com. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
↑ "BLOOD CELLS, MOLECULES, AND DISEASES: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE". kundoc.com. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
↑ "The American Journal of Hematology turns 40". onlinelibrary.wiley.com. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
↑ ^77.0 ^77.1 ^77.2 Reid, Marion E.; Lomas-Francis, Christine; Olsson, Martin L. The Blood Group Antigen FactsBook.
↑ De Silvestro, Giustina; Veronesi, Arianna; Vicarioto, Maria. Transfusion Medicine and Patient Safety.
↑ Maurer, Harold M.; Ruymann, Frederick B.; Pochedly, Carl E. Rhabdomyosarcoma and Related Tumors in Children and Adolescents.
↑ Pochedly, Carl E. Neuroblastoma.
↑ Kornstad, Leif. "A Rare Blood Group Antigen, Ola (Oldeide), Associated with Weak Rh Antigens1". onlinelibrary.wiley.com. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
↑ "Blood Reviews". bloodreviews.com. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
↑ Cordoba, Raul; Poole, Joyce; Marais, Imelda; Mora, Asuncion; Ercoreca, Luis; Long, Shannon. "The second example of anti-Erb in a woman during her third pregnancy". PMC 3729140. PMID 23114526. doi:10.2450/2012.0098-12.
↑ "Platelets: The end of an era, start of a new beginning". tandfonline.com. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
↑ Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, Volume 1 (John P. Greer ed.).
↑ "International Society for Laboratory Hematology". islh.org. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
↑ "European Hematology Association (EHA)". linkedin.com. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
↑ Harmening, Denise M. Modern Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices.
↑ Rumsey, DM; Mallory, DA. "GIL: a blood group system review.". PMID 24689684.
↑ "Expert Review of Hematology". tandfonline.com. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
↑ "Effects Of Benzene on Human Hematopoiesis". citeseerx.ist.psu.edu. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
↑ Transfusion Medicine and Hemostasis: Clinical and Laboratory Aspects (Beth H. Shaz, Christopher D. Hillyer, Morayma Reyes Gil ed.).
↑ Yamamoto, Miyako; Cid, Emili; Yamamoto, Fumiichiro. "Crosstalk between ABO and Forssman (FORS) blood group systems: FORS1 antigen synthesis by ABO gene-encoded glycosyltransferases". PMC 5278553. PMID 28134301. doi:10.1038/srep41632.
↑ "Hematology". Google Trends. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
↑ "Hematology". books.google.com. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
↑ "Hematology". wikipediaviews.org. Retrieved 24 February 2021.

[Timeline_of_Major_Hematology_Landmarks-1] 1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 "Timeline of Major Hematology Landmarks". scribd.com. Retrieved 20 September 2018.

[Hematologyvv-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 "Hematology". britannica.com. Retrieved 7 September 2018.

[3] Doyle, D. "William Hewson (1739-74): the father of haematology.". PMID 16643443. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06037.x.

[Textbook_of_Critical_Care_E-Book-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Vincent, Jean-Louis; Abraham, Edward; Kochanek, Patrick; Moore, Frederick A.; Fink, Mitchell P. Textbook of Critical Care E-Book.

[Books_on_Google_Play_Platelets_in_Thrombotic_and_Non-Thrombotic_Disorders:_Pathophysiology.2C_Pharmacology_and_Therapeutics:_an_Update-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 ^5.6 Books on Google Play Platelets in Thrombotic and Non-Thrombotic Disorders: Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics: an Update (Paolo Gresele, Neal S. Kleiman, José A. Lopez, Clive P. Page ed.).

[Platelets_in_Thrombotic_and_Non-Thrombotic_Disorders:_Pathophysiology.2C_Pharmacology_and_Therapeutics:_an_Update-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 Platelets in Thrombotic and Non-Thrombotic Disorders: Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics: an Update (Paolo Gresele, Neal S. Kleiman, José A. Lopez, Clive P. Page ed.).

[pmid11834811-7] Squires JE (2002). "Artificial blood". Science. 295 (5557): 1002–5. PMID 11834811. doi:10.1126/science.1068443.

[8] "'Iceman' Mummy Holds World's Oldest Blood Cells". livescience.com. Retrieved 20 September 2018.

[9] Sarkar, S. (2008). "Artificial Blood". Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine. 12 (3): 140–144. PMC 2738310. PMID 19742251. doi:10.4103/0972-5229.43685.

[.3DOn_the_origin_of_microparticles:_From_.E2.80.9Cplatelet_dust.E2.80.9D_to_mediators_of_intercellular_communication-10] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 ^10.4 ^10.5 ^10.6 ^10.7 Hargett, Leslie A.; Bauer, Natalie N. "On the origin of microparticles: From "platelet dust" to mediators of intercellular communication". PMC 3757826. PMID 24015332. doi:10.4103/2045-8932.114760.

[Discovery_of_Red_Blood_Cells-11] 11.0 ^11.1 "Discovery of Red Blood Cells". med-ed.virginia.edu. Retrieved 5 October 2018.

[12] "Rudolf Virchow". britannica.com. Retrieved 3 October 2018.

[Inventions_.26_Discoveries-13] 13.0 ^13.1 BPI. Inventions & Discoveries.

[14] Hemolytic Anemia.

[15] Madbak, Firas. Bridge Across the Abyss: Medical Myths and Misconceptions.

[16] Chang, Anne. Magill's Medical Guide: Down syndrome-Laser use in surgery.

[17] Sir William Osler: An Annotated Bibliography with Illustrations (Richard L. Golden, Charles G. Roland ed.).

[18] Hematology.

[The_History_of_Hematology_and_Related_Sciences-19] 19.00 ^19.01 ^19.02 ^19.03 ^19.04 ^19.05 ^19.06 ^19.07 ^19.08 ^19.09 ^19.10 ^19.11 ^19.12 ^19.13 "The History of Hematology and Related Sciences". pharmaceuticalintelligence.com. Retrieved 20 September 2018.

[Milestones_in_Antiplatelet_Therapy-20] 20.0 ^20.1 "Milestones in Antiplatelet Therapy". hematology.org. Retrieved 4 October 2018.

[21] "The diseases of infancy and childhood : for the use of students and practitioners of medicine / by L. Emmett Holt.". catalog.hathitrust.org. Retrieved 3 October 2018.

[22] DK. 1000 Inventions and Discoveries.

[23] Van Luven, Lynne; Page, Kathy. In the Flesh: Twenty Writers Explore the Body.

[24] Hillyer, Christopher D. Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine: Basic Principles & Practice.

[What_is_Hematology.3F-25] 25.0 ^25.1 ^25.2 ^25.3 ^25.4 ^25.5 "What is Hematology? - Definition & History". study.com. Retrieved 7 September 2018.

[Milestones_in_Transfusion_Medicine-26] 26.0 ^26.1 "Milestones in Transfusion Medicine". hematology.org. Retrieved 4 October 2018.

[Hematology_in_Japan:_past.2C_present_and_future-27] 27.0 ^27.1 ^27.2 ^27.3 ^27.4 ^27.5 ^27.6 ^27.7 ^27.8 ^27.9 "Hematology in Japan: past, present and future". healio.com. Retrieved 7 September 2018.

[Hospital_and_community:_studies_in_external_relationships_of_the_administrator-28] 28.0 ^28.1 Jackson, Laura Gertrude. Hospital and community: studies in external relationships of the administrator.

[29] "Sickle cell disease: old discoveries, new concepts, and future promise". PMC 1838946. PMID 17404610. doi:10.1172/JCI30920.

[30] Evans, R. Paul; Wilkinson, Alf. WJEC Eduqas GCSE History: Changes in Health and Medicine in Britain, c.500 to the present day.

[31] Ascari, Edoardo. "The history of Haematologica". PMC 4281305. PMID 25552676.

[32] "About Haematologica". haematologica.org. Retrieved 7 September 2018.

[33] Shorter, Edward. Partnership for Excellence: Medicine at the University of Toronto and Academic Hospitals.

[34] Klossner, N. Jayne. Introductory Maternity Nursing, Volume 1.

[35] Cone, Thomas E. History of American Pediatrics.

[36] Rudmann, Sally V. Textbook of Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine.

[OTHER_BLOOD_GROUP_SYSTEMS-37] 37.0 ^37.1 ^37.2 ^37.3 ^37.4 ^37.5 "OTHER BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS". slideshare.net. Retrieved 21 October 2018.

[APC_Essentials_of_Forensic_Medicine_and_Toxicology-38] 38.0 ^38.1 ^38.2 Aggrawal, Anil. APC Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology.

[Oxford_Textbook_of_Vasculitis-39] 39.0 ^39.1 ^39.2 Oxford Textbook of Vasculitis (Gene V. Ball, Barri J. Fessler, S. Louis Bridges ed.).

[40] "Blood Banking and Donation". hematology.org. Retrieved 8 September 2018.

[41] "THE TIMELINE: BLOOD DONATION". independent.co.uk. Retrieved 8 September 2018.

[42] Marks, Geoffrey; Beatty, William K. The Precious Metals of Medicine.

[43] Oreskes, Naomi; Krige, John. Science and Technology in the Global Cold War.

[44] Positron Emission Tomography: Basic Sciences (Dale L. Bailey, David W. Townsend, Peter E. Valk, Michael N. Maisey ed.).

[45] "Japanese Society of Hematology (JSH)". ishworld.org. Retrieved 7 September 2018.

[Blood_groups_systems-46] 46.0 ^46.1 ^46.2 ^46.3 Mitra, Ranadhir; Mishra, Nitasha; Rath, Girija Prasad. "Blood groups systems". PMC 4260296. PMID 25535412.

[47] Harmening, Denise M. Modern Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices.

[48] "About Blood". bloodjournal.org. Retrieved 20 September 2018.

[49] "Lewis blood group system". britannica.com. Retrieved 21 October 2018.

[50] "Kell blood group system". britannica.com. Retrieved 10 October 2018.

[51] "Society for Hematology and Stem Cells". omicsonline.org. Retrieved 10 September 2018.

[52] Blood: Physiology and Circulation (Kara Rogers Senior Editor, Biomedical Sciences ed.).

[53] "Chapter 6The Hh blood group".

[54] "Hh blood group". sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 21 October 2018.

[55] Goldman, Lawrence. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2005-2008.

[56] Harrison, Brian; Aston, Trevor Henry. The History of the University of Oxford: Volume VIII: The Twentieth Century.

[57] Tar Wei, Cheong; Al-Hassan, Faisal Muti; Naim, Norris; Knight, Aishah; Joshi, Sanmukh R. "Prevalence of Diego blood group antigen and the antibody in three ethnic population groups in Klang valley of Malaysia". PMC 3613656. PMID 23559760. doi:10.4103/0973-6247.106725.

[58] "American Society of Hematology sponsors high school symposium at San Diego annual meeting". eurekalert.org. Retrieved 8 September 2018.

[59] Silver, Samuel M. "The American Society of Hematology: Advancing Knowledge and Treatment of Blood Disorders". PMC 2793577. PMID 29447514.

[60] Rezende, Lisa. Chronology of Science.

[61] Lee, W. David; Drazen, Jeffrey; Sharp, Phillip A.; Langer, Robert S. From X-rays to DNA: How Engineering Drives Biology.

[62] Lee, W. David; Drazen, Jeffrey; Sharp, Phillip A.; Langer, Robert S. From X-rays to DNA: How Engineering Drives Biology.

[63] Zecchina, Adriano; Califano, Salvatore. The Development of Catalysis: A History of Key Processes and Personas in Catalytic Science and Technology.

[64] "British Society for Haematology (BSH)". emedevents.com. Retrieved 7 September 2018.

[Wintrobe.27s_Clinical_Hematology.2C_Volume_1-65] 65.0 ^65.1 ^65.2 ^65.3 ^65.4 Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, Volume 1 (John P. Greer ed.).

[A_Historical_Perspective_on_Evidence-Based_Immunology-66] Moticka, Edward J. A Historical Perspective on Evidence-Based Immunology.

[67] "CSL Behring" (PDF). bstquarterly.com. Retrieved 25 September 2018.

[68] Hillyer, Christopher D. Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine: Basic Principles & Practice.

[69] Svendsen, Clive; Ebert, Allison D. Encyclopedia of Stem Cell Research, Volume 2.

[70] McPherson, Richard A.; Pincus, Matthew R. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods E-Book.

[71] "Rho(D) immune globulin". sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 12 October 2018.

[72] Fagan, Melinda. Philosophy of Stem Cell Biology: Knowledge in Flesh and Blood.

[73] Harmening, Denise M. Modern Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices.

[74] "Scianna". scarfex.jove.prohosting.com. Retrieved 21 October 2018.

[75] "BLOOD CELLS, MOLECULES, AND DISEASES: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE". kundoc.com. Retrieved 10 September 2018.

[76] "The American Journal of Hematology turns 40". onlinelibrary.wiley.com. Retrieved 10 September 2018.

[The_Blood_Group_Antigen_FactsBook-77] 77.0 ^77.1 ^77.2 Reid, Marion E.; Lomas-Francis, Christine; Olsson, Martin L. The Blood Group Antigen FactsBook.

[Transfusion_Medicine_and_Patient_Safety-78] De Silvestro, Giustina; Veronesi, Arianna; Vicarioto, Maria. Transfusion Medicine and Patient Safety.

[79] Maurer, Harold M.; Ruymann, Frederick B.; Pochedly, Carl E. Rhabdomyosarcoma and Related Tumors in Children and Adolescents.

[80] Pochedly, Carl E. Neuroblastoma.

[81] Kornstad, Leif. "A Rare Blood Group Antigen, Ola (Oldeide), Associated with Weak Rh Antigens1". onlinelibrary.wiley.com. Retrieved 21 October 2018.

[82] "Blood Reviews". bloodreviews.com. Retrieved 7 September 2018.

[83] Cordoba, Raul; Poole, Joyce; Marais, Imelda; Mora, Asuncion; Ercoreca, Luis; Long, Shannon. "The second example of anti-Erb in a woman during her third pregnancy". PMC 3729140. PMID 23114526. doi:10.2450/2012.0098-12.

[84] "Platelets: The end of an era, start of a new beginning". tandfonline.com. Retrieved 20 September 2018.

[85] Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, Volume 1 (John P. Greer ed.).

[86] "International Society for Laboratory Hematology". islh.org. Retrieved 10 September 2018.

[87] "European Hematology Association (EHA)". linkedin.com. Retrieved 4 October 2018.

[88] Harmening, Denise M. Modern Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices.

[89] Rumsey, DM; Mallory, DA. "GIL: a blood group system review.". PMID 24689684.

[90] "Expert Review of Hematology". tandfonline.com. Retrieved 8 September 2018.

[91] "Effects Of Benzene on Human Hematopoiesis". citeseerx.ist.psu.edu. Retrieved 30 September 2018.

[92] Transfusion Medicine and Hemostasis: Clinical and Laboratory Aspects (Beth H. Shaz, Christopher D. Hillyer, Morayma Reyes Gil ed.).

[93] Yamamoto, Miyako; Cid, Emili; Yamamoto, Fumiichiro. "Crosstalk between ABO and Forssman (FORS) blood group systems: FORS1 antigen synthesis by ABO gene-encoded glycosyltransferases". PMC 5278553. PMID 28134301. doi:10.1038/srep41632.

[94] "Hematology". Google Trends. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

[95] "Hematology". books.google.com. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

[96] "Hematology". wikipediaviews.org. Retrieved 24 February 2021.

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Difference between revisions of "Timeline of hematology"

Latest revision as of 20:42, 12 March 2024

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@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 |-
 |}
 ==Full timeline==
@@ Line 39: / Line 40: @@
 | 1662 || Field development || J. C. Major gives the first intravenous injection in humans.<ref name="Timeline of Major Hematology Landmarks"/> ||
 |-
-| 1665 || Field development || English physician [[w:Richard Lower (physician)|Richard Lower]] performs the first documented blood transfusionusing dogs and notes a color difference between veins and arteries.<ref name="Platelets in Thrombotic and Non-Thrombotic Disorders: Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics: an Update"/><ref name="Timeline of Major Hematology Landmarks"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
+| 1665 || Field development || English physician [[w:Richard Lower (physician)|Richard Lower]] performs the first documented blood transfusion using dogs and notes a color difference between veins and arteries.<ref name="Platelets in Thrombotic and Non-Thrombotic Disorders: Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics: an Update"/><ref name="Timeline of Major Hematology Landmarks"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 |-
 | 1666 || Field development || Italian physician {{w|Marcello Malpighi}} notices that fiber filaments remain in a blood clot after it is thoroughly washed.<ref name="=On the origin of microparticles: From “platelet dust” to mediators of intercellular communication"/> || {{w|Italy}}
@@ Line 57: / Line 58: @@
 | 1821 – 1902 || Field development || German physician {{w|Rudolf Virchow}} disproves a prominent view that {{w|phlebitis}} (inflammation of a vein) causes most diseases. Virchow demonstrates that masses in the blood vessels result from “{{w|thrombosis}}” (his term) and that portions of a thrombus could become detached to form an “{{w|embolus}}” (also his term).<ref>{{cite web |title=Rudolf Virchow |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rudolf-Virchow |website=britannica.com |accessdate=3 October 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}}
 |-
-| 1827 || Literature || amateur British opticist {{w|Joseph Jackson Lister}} and fellow Quaker Dr {{w|Thomas Hodgkin}} publish ''Notice of some Microscopic Observations of the Blood and Animal Tissues''.<ref name="Books on Google Play Platelets in Thrombotic and Non-Thrombotic Disorders: Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics: an Update"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
+| 1827 || Literature || Amateur British opticist {{w|Joseph Jackson Lister}} and fellow Quaker Dr {{w|Thomas Hodgkin}} publish ''Notice of some Microscopic Observations of the Blood and Animal Tissues''.<ref name="Books on Google Play Platelets in Thrombotic and Non-Thrombotic Disorders: Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics: an Update"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 |-
 | 1830 || Instrumental || The gold-plated steel needle for intravenous use is invented.<ref name="Textbook of Critical Care E-Book"/> ||
@@ Line 67: / Line 68: @@
 | 1842 || Field development || French microscopist {{w|Alexandre Donné}} identifies {{w|platelet}}s.<ref>{{cite book |title=Sir William Osler: An Annotated Bibliography with Illustrations |edition=Richard L. Golden, Charles G. Roland |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=3Z33qBcbP6MC&pg=PA3&dq=%22in+1842%22+Alexandre+Donne+%22platelets%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6s_GB2NbdAhVK3FMKHXGsAYAQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201842%22%20Alexandre%20Donne%20%22platelets%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Hematology |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=j-xrAAAAMAAJ&q=%22in+1842%22+Alexandre+Donne+%22platelets%22&dq=%22in+1842%22+Alexandre+Donne+%22platelets%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6s_GB2NbdAhVK3FMKHXGsAYAQ6AEILTAB}}</ref> ||
 |-
-| 1867 || Field development || British surgeon {{w|Joseph Lister}} uses antiseptics to control infectionduring transfusions.<ref name="Timeline of Major Hematology Landmarks"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
+| 1867 || Field development || British surgeon {{w|Joseph Lister}} uses antiseptics to control infection during transfusions.<ref name="Timeline of Major Hematology Landmarks"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 |-
 | 1875 || Field development || Zahn reports that an injured blood vessel is eventually plugged by a fibrin-associated white thrombus. This observation leads to the discovery that platelets are responsible for contributing fibrin in the blood coagulation process.<ref name="=On the origin of microparticles: From “platelet dust” to mediators of intercellular communication"/> ||
@@ Line 106: / Line 107: @@
 |-
 | 1925 || Field development || American pediatrician {{w|Thomas Benton Cooley}} describes a Mediterranean hematologic syndrome of anemia, {{w|erythroblastosis}}, skeletal disorders, and splenomegaly that is later called Cooley’s anemia and now {{w|thalassemia}}.<ref name="The History of Hematology and Related Sciences"/> ||
+|-
+| 1927 || Field development || The [[w:P antigen system|P blood group system]] is discovered.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rudmann |first1=Sally V. |title=Textbook of Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=dXdISwJQJFIC&pg=PA96&lpg=PA96&dq=Globoside+group+system+%22in+1900..2017%22&source=bl&ots=xjxTr1tPXp&sig=fXKERd_MjRQn1_b3loXnO3KqHeo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjRgMi3zPzdAhXDD5AKHRkKAB4Q6AEwAHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=Globoside%20group%20system%20%22in%201900..2017%22&f=false}}</ref> It is considered among the major blood group systems.<ref name="OTHER BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS"/> ||
 |-
 | 1927 || Organization || The French Society of Hematology is formed. It is the first hematology organization in the world.<ref name="Hematology in Japan: past, present and future"/> || {{w|France}}
@@ Line 111: / Line 114: @@
 | 1927 || Literature || Journal La Sang is released in {{w|France}}.<ref name="Hematology in Japan: past, present and future"/> || {{w|France}}
 |-
-| 1927 || Field development || {{w|Karl Landsteiner}} and {{w|Philip Levine}} discover the {{w|MNS antigen system}}, after immunizing {{w|rabbit}}s with human {{w|red blood cell}}s.<ref name="APC Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology"/> ||
+| 1927 || Field development || {{w|Karl Landsteiner}} and {{w|Philip Levine}} discover the {{w|MNS antigen system}}, after immunizing {{w|rabbit}}s with human {{w|red blood cell}}s.<ref name="APC Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology"/> It is considered among the major blood group systems.<ref name="OTHER BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS"/> ||
 |-
-| 1932 || Field development || A simple method of measuring the volume and hemoglobin is introduced.<ref name="Hematologyvv"/> ||
+| 1932 || Field development || A simple method of measuring the volume and {{w|hemoglobin}} is introduced.<ref name="Hematologyvv"/> ||
 |-
 | 1933 || Field development || The formation of {{w|cryoprecipitate}} is first observed in relation to a patient with {{w|multiple myeloma}}.<ref name="Oxford Textbook of Vasculitis">{{cite book |title=Oxford Textbook of Vasculitis |edition=Gene V. Ball, Barri J. Fessler, S. Louis Bridges |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=b9PQAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA547&lpg=PA547&dq=%22in+1954%22+cryoprecipitate&source=bl&ots=9UvcpSsTnR&sig=gb2G7F7-IxsFfRLK86pXHDglLGg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjwyuOSzdbdAhWFxpAKHaBXA18Q6AEwAHoECAEQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22in%201954%22%20cryoprecipitate&f=false}}</ref> ||
@@ Line 125: / Line 128: @@
 | 1937 || Organization || The Japanese Society of Hematology (JSH) is founded in {{w|Kyoto}}. It is the second hematology organization in the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=Japanese Society of Hematology (JSH) |url=https://www.ishworld.org/menu/49/japanese-society-of-hematology-jsh |website=ishworld.org |accessdate=7 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="Hematology in Japan: past, present and future">{{cite web |title=Hematology in Japan: past, present and future |url=https://www.healio.com/hematology-oncology/news/print/hemonc-today/%7B8ba22607-e605-4c5e-9929-ca6ced0c0b29%7D/hematology-in-japan-past-present-and-future |website=healio.com |accessdate=7 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}
 |-
-| 1937 || Field development || {{w|Karl Landsteiner}} and {{w|Alexander S. Wiener}} identify the [[w:Rh blood group system|Rh factor]] (an abbreviation of "Rhesus factor") in blood.<ref name="Inventions & Discoveries"/> ||
+| 1937 || Field development || {{w|Karl Landsteiner}} and {{w|Alexander S. Wiener}} identify the [[w:Rh blood group system|Rh factor]] (an abbreviation of "Rhesus factor") in blood.<ref name="Inventions & Discoveries"/> The Rhesus-system is the second most important blood group system after [[w:ABO blood group system|ABO]].<ref name="Blood groups systems">{{cite journal |last1=Mitra |first1=Ranadhir |last2=Mishra |first2=Nitasha |last3=Rath |first3=Girija Prasad |title=Blood groups systems |pmid=25535412 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4260296/ |pmc=4260296}}</ref> ||
 |-
 | 1938 || Literature || Journal [[w:International Journal of Hematology|Acta Haematologica Japonica]] is established. In 1991, it would be renamed International Journal of Hematology.<ref name="Hematology in Japan: past, present and future"/> || {{w|Japan}}
@@ Line 134: / Line 137: @@
 |-
 | 1945 || Field development || Robin Coombs, Arthur Mourant and Rob Race describe the use of antihuman globulin (later known as the “Coombs Test”) to identify “incomplete” antibodies.<ref name="The History of Hematology and Related Sciences"/> ||
+|-
+| 1945 || Field development || Antigen Lu{{sup|a}}, the first in the {{w|Lutheran antigen system}}, is found in the serum of a patient with {{w|lupus erythematosus}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harmening |first1=Denise M |title=Modern Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=QdE-AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA199&lpg=PA199&dq=Lutheran+antigen+system+%22in+1900..2000%22&source=bl&ots=suahZEiF91&sig=KN9tEF8wu80t88_XY9qegVcAPnc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiTrpnBwpbeAhXM1VkKHQbuA-UQ6AEwAnoECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=Lutheran%20antigen%20system%20%22in%201900..2000%22&f=false}}</ref> Antibodies against this blood group are rare and generally not considered clinically significant.<ref name="Blood groups systems"/> ||
 |-
 | 1946 || Literature || Journal ''[[w:Blood (journal)|Blood]]'' is established by {{w|William Dameshek}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Blood |url=http://www.bloodjournal.org/page/about-blood?sso-checked=true |website=bloodjournal.org |accessdate=20 September 2018}}</ref> ||
+|-
+| 1946–1948 || Field development || The {{w|Lewis blood group system}} is identified. It is considered among the major blood group systems.<ref name="OTHER BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS">{{cite web |title=OTHER BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS |url=https://www.slideshare.net/ferdiefatiga/other-blood-group-systems |website=slideshare.net |accessdate=21 October 2018}}</ref> Consisting in antigens Le{{sup|a}} and Le{{sup|b}}, the second reaches a frequency of 70 percent in Europeans.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lewis blood group system |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Lewis-blood-group-system |website=britannica.com |accessdate=21 October 2018}}</ref> ||
 |-
 | 1946 || Field development || Austro-Hungarian biochemist {{w|Erwin Chargaff}} and Randolph West discover that platelet-free plasma exhibits clotting properties.<ref name="=On the origin of microparticles: From “platelet dust” to mediators of intercellular communication"/> ||
 |-
-| 1946 || Field development || The [[w:Kell antigen system|Kell blood group system]] is discovered.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kell blood group system |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Kell-blood-group-system |website=britannica.com |accessdate=10 October 2018}}</ref> ||
+| 1946 || Field development || The [[w:Kell antigen system|Kell blood group system]] is discovered.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kell blood group system |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Kell-blood-group-system |website=britannica.com |accessdate=10 October 2018}}</ref> It is considered among the major blood group systems.<ref name="OTHER BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS"/> These erythrocyte antigens are the third most potent immunogenic antigen after [[w:ABO blood group system|ABO]] and [[w:Rh blood group system|Rh]] system.<ref name="Blood groups systems"/> ||
 |-
 | 1947 || Field development || Lerner and Watson introduce the term "{{w|cryoglobulin}}", demonstrating the reversibility of the phenomenon when the sera are heated to 37°C.<ref name="Oxford Textbook of Vasculitis"/> ||
+|-
+| 1947 || Field development || Australian serologist Ruth Ann Sanger and Robert Russell Race identify the S and s genes.<ref name="Milestones in Transfusion Medicine"/> ||
 |-
 | 1950s || Instrumental || The [[w:Winged infusion set|“butterfly” needle]] and intercath are developed, making intravenous access easier and safer.<ref name="The History of Hematology and Related Sciences"/> ||
@@ Line 147: / Line 156: @@
 | 1950 || Organization || The {{w|Society for Hematology and Stem Cells}} is founded by a group of scientists for the presentation and discussion of experimental hematology pre-clinical data.<ref>{{cite web |title=Society for Hematology and Stem Cells |url=https://www.omicsonline.org/societies/society-for-hematology-and-stem-cells/ |website=omicsonline.org |accessdate=10 September 2018}}</ref> ||
 |-
-| 1950 || Field development || The {{w|Duffy antigen system}} is discovered.<ref name="APC Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology"/> ||
+| 1950 || Field development || The {{w|Duffy antigen system}} is discovered.<ref name="APC Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology"/> It is considered among the major blood group systems.<ref name="OTHER BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS"/> ||
 |-
-| 1951 || Field development || The [[W:Kidd antigen system|Kidd blood group system]] is discovered.<ref>{{cite book |title=Blood: Physiology and Circulation |edition=Kara Rogers Senior Editor, Biomedical Sciences |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=iObZwlOu1mMC&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=Diego+antigen+system+in+1940..1980&source=bl&ots=aHUPunj1aG&sig=9qoLdXfpfZx6z4bFwC7h5_LCIh4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj1vNa0pfzdAhXCE5AKHVnGDi0Q6AEwAHoECAQQAQ#v=onepage&q=Diego%20antigen%20system%20in%201940..1980&f=false}}</ref> ||
+| 1951 || Field development || The [[W:Kidd antigen system|Kidd blood group system]] is discovered.<ref>{{cite book |title=Blood: Physiology and Circulation |edition=Kara Rogers Senior Editor, Biomedical Sciences |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=iObZwlOu1mMC&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=Diego+antigen+system+in+1940..1980&source=bl&ots=aHUPunj1aG&sig=9qoLdXfpfZx6z4bFwC7h5_LCIh4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj1vNa0pfzdAhXCE5AKHVnGDi0Q6AEwAHoECAQQAQ#v=onepage&q=Diego%20antigen%20system%20in%201940..1980&f=false}}</ref> It is considered among the major blood group systems.<ref name="OTHER BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS"/> Kidd antibodies are rare but can cause severe transfusion reactions.<ref name="Blood groups systems"/> ||
 |-
-| 1952 || Field development || {{w|Hh blood group}} (also known as Oh or the Bombay blood group) is first discovered in {{w|Bombay}} (Mumbai), India.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Chapter 6The Hh blood group |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2268/}}</ref> || {{w|India}}
+| 1952 || Field development || {{w|Hh blood group}} (also known as Oh or the Bombay blood group) is first discovered in {{w|Bombay}} (Mumbai), India.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Chapter 6The Hh blood group |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2268/}}</ref> It is a very rare histo-blood group phenotype.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hh blood group |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/hh-blood-group |website=sciencedirect.com |accessdate=21 October 2018}}</ref> || {{w|India}}
 |-
 | 1954 || Field development || The {{w|blood product}} {{w|cryoprecipitate}} is developed to treat bleeds in people with {{w|hemophilia}}.<ref name="The History of Hematology and Related Sciences"/> ||
@@ Line 159: / Line 168: @@
 | 1955 || Literature || The ''{{w|British Journal of Haematology}}'' is launched.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Goldman |first1=Lawrence |title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2005-2008 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=nbGcAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA281&dq=%22in+1955%22+%22British+Journal+of+Haematology%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjMjNiV4KndAhVFDJAKHc2lA7cQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20%22British%20Journal%20of%20Haematology%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Harrison |first1=Brian |last2=Aston |first2=Trevor Henry |title=The History of the University of Oxford: Volume VIII: The Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=OP5ePl7i5EIC&pg=PA463&dq=%22in+1955%22+%22British+Journal+of+Haematology%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjMjNiV4KndAhVFDJAKHc2lA7cQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20%22British%20Journal%20of%20Haematology%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 |-
-| 1955 || Field development || The {{w|Diego antigen system}} is discovered.<ref name="APC Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology">{{cite book |last1=Aggrawal |first1=Anil |title=APC Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=iSH8CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA413&lpg=PA413&dq=Diego+antigen+system+in+1940..1980&source=bl&ots=qKrQZJjNCW&sig=2EG4y1f9SSPbGKlcmvPqGR6egpE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj1vNa0pfzdAhXCE5AKHVnGDi0Q6AEwAnoECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=Diego%20antigen%20system%20in%201940..1980&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Venezuela}}
+| 1955 || Field development || The {{w|Diego antigen system}} is discovered.<ref name="APC Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology">{{cite book |last1=Aggrawal |first1=Anil |title=APC Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=iSH8CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA413&lpg=PA413&dq=Diego+antigen+system+in+1940..1980&source=bl&ots=qKrQZJjNCW&sig=2EG4y1f9SSPbGKlcmvPqGR6egpE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj1vNa0pfzdAhXCE5AKHVnGDi0Q6AEwAnoECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=Diego%20antigen%20system%20in%201940..1980&f=false}}</ref> It is very rare among [[w:caucasian race|Caucasians}} and [[w:Black people|Blacks]], but relatively common among the South American Indians and Asians of Mongolian origin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tar Wei |first1=Cheong |last2=Al-Hassan |first2=Faisal Muti |last3=Naim |first3=Norris |last4=Knight |first4=Aishah |last5=Joshi |first5=Sanmukh R. |title=Prevalence of Diego blood group antigen and the antibody in three ethnic population groups in Klang valley of Malaysia |doi=10.4103/0973-6247.106725 |pmid=23559760 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3613656/ |pmc=3613656}}</ref> || {{w|Venezuela}}
 |-
 | 1958 || Organization || The {{w|American Society of Hematology}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=American Society of Hematology sponsors high school symposium at San Diego annual meeting |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2003-12/uou-aso120503.php |website=eurekalert.org |accessdate=8 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Silver |first1=Samuel M. |title=The American Society of Hematology: Advancing Knowledge and Treatment of Blood Disorders |pmid=29447514 |pmc=2793577}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
@@ Line 168: / Line 177: @@
 |-
 | 1960 || Organization || The {{w|British Society for Haematology}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=British Society for Haematology (BSH) |url=https://www.emedevents.com/organizer-profile/british-society-for-haematology-bsh-28662 |website=emedevents.com |accessdate=7 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
+|-
+| 1960 || Field development || The {{w|Gerbich blood group system}} is discovered.<ref name="Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, Volume 1"/> ||
 |-
 | 1961 || Field development || Researchers identify role of platelets in treating cancer patients.<ref name="A Historical Perspective on Evidence-Based Immunology">{{cite book |last1=Moticka |first1=Edward J. |title=A Historical Perspective on Evidence-Based Immunology |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=2TMwAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA302&dq=%22in+1961%22+platelets+in+treating+cancer+patients&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjGgern78ndAhWTPpAKHb47AjwQ6AEIPzAF#v=onepage&q=%22in%201961%22%20platelets%20in%20treating%20cancer%20patients&f=false}}</ref><ref name="What is Hematology?"/> ||
@@ Line 182: / Line 193: @@
 |-
 | 1965 || Field development || The {{w|Cromer blood group system}} is discovered.<ref name="Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, Volume 1"/> ||
+|-
+| 1965 || Field development || The first {{w|antibody}} of the {{w|Dombrock system}} is identified.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hillyer |first1=Christopher D. |title=Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine: Basic Principles & Practice |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=3QwXx_enKbcC&pg=PT123&lpg=PT123&dq=Dombrock+system+%22in+1960..1998%22&source=bl&ots=-8uKh9-y_E&sig=BE7PnHz1Bg6INXqHocmhp-E8keo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiBgd-bqvzdAhWHTJAKHfjwA7MQ6AEwAHoECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=Dombrock%20system%20%22in%201960..1998%22&f=false}}</ref> ||
+|-
+| 1967 || Organization || The Turkish Society of Hematology is founded.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Svendsen |first1=Clive |last2=Ebert |first2=Allison D. |title=Encyclopedia of Stem Cell Research, Volume 2 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=UhvtbMmxXeAC&pg=PA557&lpg=PA557&dq=Turkish+Society+of+Gene+%26+Cell+Therapy+%22in+1950..2017%22&source=bl&ots=kvmzsRtVc5&sig=jIncYO7H9vlEQlbcS9m4fRMzB1U&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQr8mT8qLeAhXJEZAKHa1UBqIQ6AEwAHoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=Turkish%20Society%20of%20Gene%20%26%20Cell%20Therapy%20%22in%201950..2017%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Turkey}}
 |-
 | 1967 || Field development || Peter Wolf first identifies microparticles as a product of platelets.<ref name="=On the origin of microparticles: From “platelet dust” to mediators of intercellular communication">{{cite journal |last1=Hargett |first1=Leslie A. |last2=Bauer |first2=Natalie N. |title=On the origin of microparticles: From “platelet dust” to mediators of intercellular communication |doi=10.4103/2045-8932.114760 |pmid=24015332 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3757826/ |pmc=3757826}}</ref> ||
 |-
 | 1967 || Field development || The [[w:Colton antigen system|Colton blood group system]] is identified.<ref>{{cite book |last1=McPherson |first1=Richard A. |last2=Pincus |first2=Matthew R. |title=Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods E-Book |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=xAzhCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA706&lpg=PA706&dq=Colton+antigen+system+%22in+1800..2016%22&source=bl&ots=mFSpAi70uN&sig=iLm9GdNutNeesUyP6q6L6IRgDwQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiS6pnTo_zdAhWInJAKHY4DCiMQ6AEwAHoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=Colton%20antigen%20system%20%22in%201800..2016%22&f=false}}</ref> ||
+|-
+| 1968 || Field development || Rh immune globulin (RhIg) is first licensed as a human plasma-derived product consisting of [[w:Immunoglobulin G|IgG antibodies]] to the {{w|D antigen}}. It is used to prevent immunization to the D antigen in D-negative individuals and for the treatment of {{w|immune thrombocytopenia}} (ITP).<ref>{{cite web |title=Rho(D) immune globulin |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/rho-d-immune-globulin |website=sciencedirect.com |accessdate=12 October 2018}}</ref> ||
 |-
 | 1970 || Field development || Webber and Johnson find that platelet alpha granule contents are encompassed into vesicles, which come together to form a membrane complex at the surface of the platelet.<ref name="=On the origin of microparticles: From “platelet dust” to mediators of intercellular communication"/> ||
@@ Line 192: / Line 209: @@
 |-
 | 1974 || Literature || Davis Nathan and Stuart Oski publish ''Hematology of Infancy and Childhood''.<ref name="The History of Hematology and Related Sciences"/> ||
+|-
+| 1974 || Field development || The [[w:ERMAP|Scianna]] blood group system is established.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harmening |first1=Denise M |title=Modern Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=QdE-AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA203&lpg=PA203&dq=blood+system+is+established+in+1900..2017&source=bl&ots=su9q_ErG90&sig=3m9AHLiiBI5BXVLRSHqlRgooxcI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiAq6zSy_zdAhUJl5AKHdh7CZUQ6AEwCnoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=blood%20system%20is%20established%20in%201900..2017&f=false}}</ref> Composed of three antigens, the first, Sc1, a high frequency antigen, is found in greater than 99 % of most populations. The frequency of Sc2 is about 1% of Northern Europeans but the frequency is much lower in other populations. The incidence of Sc:1,2 is more common in {{w|Mennonites}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Scianna |url=http://scarfex.jove.prohosting.com/blood/13.html |website=scarfex.jove.prohosting.com |accessdate=21 October 2018}}</ref> ||
 |-
 | 1975 || Literature || Journal {{w|Blood Cells, Molecules and Diseases}} is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=BLOOD CELLS, MOLECULES, AND DISEASES: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE |url=https://kundoc.com/pdf-blood-cells-molecules-and-diseases-past-present-and-future-.html |website=kundoc.com |accessdate=10 September 2018}}</ref> ||
@@ Line 200: / Line 219: @@
 |-
 | 1977 || Field development || Miyake et al first purify {{w|erythropoietin}}.<ref name="Hematology in Japan: past, present and future"/> || {{w|Japan}}
+|-
+| 1978 || Field development || The {{w|Duclos antigen}} is identified.<ref name="The Blood Group Antigen FactsBook"/> ||
 |-
 | 1970s || Field development || Alan T. Nurden, Jacques P. Caen, David R. Phillips, and others describe the molecular basis of platelet aggregation.<ref name="Milestones in Antiplatelet Therapy"/> ||
+|-
+| 1980 || Field development || The [[w:International Society of Blood Transfusion|ISBT]] Working Party on Terminology for Red Cell Surface Antigens is established with the goal of creating a uniform nomenclature.<ref name="Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, Volume 1"/> ||
+|-
+| 1980 || Field development || {{w|Molecular biology}} is applied to the study of blood groups.<ref name="Transfusion Medicine and Patient Safety">{{cite book |last1=De Silvestro |first1=Giustina |last2=Veronesi |first2=Arianna |last3=Vicarioto |first3=Maria |title=Transfusion Medicine and Patient Safety |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=pM5c_mQr9FUC&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=1945+%7C%7C+%7C%7C+Robin+Coombs,+Arthur+Mourant+and+Robert+Race&source=bl&ots=cl3l1jVL-F&sig=8isSV4CTy60ee31fvxWBWlOpPXs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiY07m6_P7dAhWMg5AKHTPeBHsQ6AEwC3oECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=1945%20%7C%7C%20%7C%7C%20Robin%20Coombs%2C%20Arthur%20Mourant%20and%20Robert%20Race&f=false}}</ref> ||
 |-
 | 1981 || Organization || The {{w|American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology}} is founded.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Maurer |first1=Harold M. |last2=Ruymann |first2=Frederick B. |last3=Pochedly |first3=Carl E. |title=Rhabdomyosarcoma and Related Tumors in Children and Adolescents |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=W9TfFbMvQJgC&pg=PP9&dq=%22in+1981%22+American+Society+of+Pediatric+Hematology/Oncology&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjYx5CCnq_dAhVCgpAKHQjtCGgQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201981%22%20American%20Society%20of%20Pediatric%20Hematology%2FOncology&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pochedly |first1=Carl E. |title=Neuroblastoma |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=gxNNDtrHYYEC&pg=PP7&dq=%22in+1981%22+American+Society+of+Pediatric+Hematology/Oncology&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjYx5CCnq_dAhVCgpAKHQjtCGgQ6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201981%22%20American%20Society%20of%20Pediatric%20Hematology%2FOncology&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
@@ Line 208: / Line 233: @@
 |-
 | 1986 || Field development || Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is cloned independently in Japan.<ref name="Hematology in Japan: past, present and future"/> || {{w|Japan}}
+|-
+| 1986 || Field development || The Ol{{sup|a}} antigen is identified.<ref name="The Blood Group Antigen FactsBook"/> A rare blood group antigen, Only one Ol{{sup|a+}} person was found among the 7, 151 blood donors tested.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kornstad |first1=Leif |title=A Rare Blood Group Antigen, Ola (Oldeide), Associated with Weak Rh Antigens1 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1423-0410.1986.tb04888.x |website=onlinelibrary.wiley.com |accessdate=21 October 2018}}</ref> ||
 |-
 | 1987 || Literature || Journal ''{{w|Blood Reviews}}'' is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=Blood Reviews |url=https://www.bloodreviews.com/article/S0268-960X(13)00030-1/pdf |website=bloodreviews.com |accessdate=7 September 2018}}</ref> ||
 |-
 | 1990s || Field development || Recombinant factor replacement products are used to treat {{w|hemophilia}}.<ref name="What is Hematology?"/> ||
+|-
+| 1990 || Field development || The {{w|Er blood group collection}} is established as a blood group.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cordoba |first1=Raul |last2=Poole |first2=Joyce |last3=Marais |first3=Imelda |last4=Mora |first4=Asuncion |last5=Ercoreca |first5=Luis |last6=Long |first6=Shannon |title=The second example of anti-Erb in a woman during her third pregnancy |doi=10.2450/2012.0098-12 |pmid=23114526 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3729140/ |pmc=3729140}}</ref> ||
 |-
 | 1990 || Literature || Peer-reviewed medical journal [[w:Platelets (journal)|Platelets]] is first issued.<ref>{{cite web |title=Platelets: The end of an era, start of a new beginning |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/09537104.2015.993234 |website=tandfonline.com |accessdate=20 September 2018}}</ref> ||
+|-
+| 1991 || Field development || The {{w|Knops blood group system}} is established.<ref name="Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, Volume 1"/> Most of the anigens of this system are common, occurring with a prevalence of >90% in most populations.<ref>{{cite book |title=Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, Volume 1 |edition=John P. Greer |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=68enzUD7BVgC&pg=PA647&lpg=PA647&dq=Knops+blood+group+system&source=bl&ots=fGGNhF-f0q&sig=r5GH2MtgiKNhuGRLp_wipkyMS3Y&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwisvN_KxZjeAhUhw1kKHXI7A9g4FBDoATAMegQIARAB#v=onepage&q=Knops%20blood%20group%20system&f=false}}</ref> ||
 |-
 | 1992 || Organization || The {{w|International Society for Laboratory Hematology}} is founded by an international group of laboratory professionals in order to chart new directions for laboratory hematology.<ref>{{cite web |title=International Society for Laboratory Hematology |url=https://www.islh.org/web/about-islh.php |website=islh.org |accessdate=10 September 2018}}</ref> ||
@@ Line 220: / Line 251: @@
 |-
 | 1994 || Field development || Researchers investigating the effects of {{w|lipopolysaccharide}} (LPS) stimulation on monocyte procoagulant activity, reveal that the microparticles released by stimulated human {{w|monocyte}}s possess more tissue factor activity than their parent monocytes.<ref name="=On the origin of microparticles: From “platelet dust” to mediators of intercellular communication"/> ||
+|-
+| 2002 || Field development || The {{w|GIL blood group system}} is established.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harmening |first1=Denise M |title=Modern Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=QdE-AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA205&lpg=PA205&dq=chido+rodgers+blood+group+system+%22in+1900..2015%22&source=bl&ots=su9q_EoO54&sig=JLR4PR_IS8ycvJ3f_oZus1JBlNU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZv_enw_zdAhXIIpAKHYlzBeEQ6AEwAnoECAQQAQ#v=onepage&q=chido%20rodgers%20blood%20group%20system%20%22in%201900..2015%22&f=false}}</ref> It is designated as system 29.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rumsey |first1=DM |last2=Mallory |first2=DA |title=GIL: a blood group system review. |pmid=24689684 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24689684}}</ref> ||
 |-
 | 2008 || Literature || Journal {{w|Expert Review of Hematology}} is released.<ref>{{cite web |title=Expert Review of Hematology |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ierr20?open=1&year=2008&repitition=0#vol_1_2008 |website=tandfonline.com |accessdate=8 September 2018}}</ref> ||
 |-
 | 2008 || Literature || The ''{{w|Open Hematology Journal}}'' is released.<ref>{{cite web |title=Effects Of Benzene on Human Hematopoiesis |url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.619.520&rep=rep1&type=pdf |website=citeseerx.ist.psu.edu |accessdate=30 September 2018}}</ref> ||
+|-
+| 2008 || Field development || The {{w|RHAg}} (Rh-associated glycoprotein) is established as a blood group system.<ref name="The Blood Group Antigen FactsBook">{{cite book |last1=Reid |first1=Marion E. |last2=Lomas-Francis |first2=Christine |last3=Olsson |first3=Martin L. |title=The Blood Group Antigen FactsBook |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=XVTc49cTw3MC&pg=PA619&lpg=PA619&dq=RHAg+system+in+1980..2017&source=bl&ots=q3Fs70yz5E&sig=8Td5bDftqsnOR22n-Ocwjgnu7Rs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjiiJjPqpbeAhUC1lkKHbTIDzwQ6AEwAHoECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=RHAg%20system%20in%201980..2017&f=false}}</ref> ||
+|-
+| 2011 || Field development || The {{w|FORS blood group}} system is established as the 31st blood group system.<ref>{{cite book |title=Transfusion Medicine and Hemostasis: Clinical and Laboratory Aspects |edition=Beth H. Shaz, Christopher D. Hillyer, Morayma Reyes Gil |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=lPdtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA175&lpg=PA175&dq=Forssman+antigen+system+%22in+1900..2017%22&source=bl&ots=FCI6hu_hrO&sig=ME8oaZ-gQfvjAJUJ1NfdyfozGYA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjI8860wfzdAhVCFJAKHfV_BJAQ6AEwAHoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=Forssman%20antigen%20system%20%22in%201900..2017%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yamamoto |first1=Miyako |last2=Cid |first2=Emili |last3=Yamamoto |first3=Fumiichiro |title=Crosstalk between ABO and Forssman (FORS) blood group systems: FORS1 antigen synthesis by ABO gene-encoded glycosyltransferases |doi=10.1038/srep41632 |pmid=28134301 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5278553/ |pmc=5278553}}</ref> ||
+|-
+|}
+== Numerical and visual data  ==
+=== Google Scholar ===
+The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of June 5, 2021.
+{| class="sortable wikitable"
+! Year
+! hematology
+! hematology oncology
+! pediatric hematology
+! hematopathology
+|-
+| 1980 || 7,590 || 2,670 || 698 || 60
+|-
+| 1985 || 9,060 || 4,160 || 1,230 || 85
+|-
+| 1990 || 11,500 || 5,600 || 1,630 || 112
+|-
+| 1995 || 18,500 || 8,360 || 2,600 || 276
+|-
+| 2000 || 46,300 || 13,900 || 5,190 || 412
+|-
+| 2002 || 52,100 || 14,700 || 5,470 || 521
+|-
+| 2004 || 64,500 || 20,000 || 6,690 || 547
+|-
+| 2006 || 73,300 || 22,800 || 7,920 || 609
+|-
+| 2008 || 88,400 || 33,100 || 9,790 || 707
+|-
+| 2010 || 96,500 || 31,800 || 10,900 || 722
+|-
+| 2012 || 108,000 || 41,500 || 13,900 || 1,120
+|-
+| 2014 || 110,000 || 40,900 || 15,300 || 1,080
+|-
+| 2016 || 107,000 || 47,000 || 17,400 || 1,310
+|-
+| 2017 || 102,000 || 48,100 || 18,200 || 1,200
+|-
+| 2018 || 93,500 || 47,500 || 18,900 || 1,340
+|-
+| 2019 || 83,500 || 45,000 || 19,900 || 1,520
+|-
+| 2020 || 56,400 || 32,200 || 22,800 || 1,330
 |-
 |}
+[[File:Hematology tb.png|thumb|center|700px]]
+=== Google Trends ===
+The comparative chart below shows {{w|Google Trends}} data for Hematology (Branch of medicine) and Hematology (Search term) from January 2004 to February 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hematology |url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=%2Fm%2F0h212,Hematology |website=Google Trends |access-date=25 February 2021}}</ref>
+[[File:Hematology gt.png|thumb|center|600px]]
+=== Google Ngram Viewer ===
+The chart below shows {{w|Google Ngram Viewer}} data for Hematology from 1600 to 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hematology |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Hematology&year_start=1600&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&case_insensitive=true |website=books.google.com |access-date=25 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
+[[File:Hematology ngram.png|thumb|center|700px]]
+=== Wikipedia Views ===
+The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article {{w|Hematology}}, on desktop, mobile-web, desktop-spider, mobile-web-spider and mobile app, from July 2015 to January 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hematology |url=https://wikipediaviews.org/displayviewsformultiplemonths.php?page=Hematology&allmonths=allmonths-api&language=en&drilldown=all |website=wikipediaviews.org |access-date=24 February 2021}}</ref>
+[[File:Hematology wv.jpg|thumb|center|400px]]
 ==Meta information on the timeline==
@@ Line 246: / Line 350: @@
 ==See also==
+* [[Timeline of transfusion medicine]]
+* [[Timeline of hemophilia]]
 ==External links==