Difference between revisions of "Timeline of malaria in 2014"

This is a '''timeline of malaria in 2014'''.

*'''Parasites''':

*'''Vectors''':

*'''Drugs, vaccines, treatment, and control methods''':

*'''Vector control''':

! Date (news release) !! Event type !! Details !!

| January 14 || Engineering (drug) || Biologists at {{w|University of California, Berkeley}} develop new ways to genetically modify yeast to produce antimalarial {{w|artemisinin}}, with the purpose of getting the lowest possible price (in China, where most of the crop is grown, the price swung from 200$ to 1,100$ per kilogram).<ref>{{cite web|title=Biologists Modify Yeast to Produce Malaria Drug|url=http://discovermagazine.com/2014/jan-feb/23-synthesizing-supply-for-malaria-drug|website=discovermagazine.com|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> || United States

| January 14 || Engineering (vaccine) || Researchers at {{w|Tulane University}} manage to use ''{{w|Escherichia coli}}'' bacteria to inexpensively manufacture protein CHrPfs25, which is critical to the development of a malaria vaccine.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Brannon-Tulane|first1=Keith|title=E. coli may offer cheap way to create a malaria vaccine|url=http://www.futurity.org/will-malaria-vaccine-come-e-coli/|website=futurity.org|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> || United States

| January 16 || Engineering (testing) || United Kingdom biotech firm develops a handheld device able to detect infectious diseases such as malaria in just 15 minutes. The device is expected to be used by professionals in rural areas of developing nations to test more efficiently.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Stunt|first1=Victoria|title=Handheld DNA analysis device could diagnose malaria|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/handheld-dna-analysis-device-could-diagnose-malaria-1.2497519|website=cbc.ca|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> || United Kingdom

| February 10 || Medical development (vaccine) || iBio Inc., a manufacturer of biological products, reports the initiation of a Phase 1 human safety and immunogenicity clinical study of a transmission-blocking malaria vaccine candidate. Clearance was obtained from the {{w|FDA}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Phase 1 Clinical Trial Begins for Malaria Vaccine Candidate Based on iBio's Proprietary Technology|url=http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/phase-1-clinical-trial-begins-malaria-vaccine-candidate-based-on-ibios-proprietary-technology-nyse-mkt-ibio-1877242.htm|website=marketwired.com|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> || United States

| February 23 || Scientific discovery (parasite) || Two research teams working independently discover that a single {{w|protein}} (AP2-G) acts as the master genetic switch that triggers the development of male and female sexual forms of the malaria parasite.<ref>{{cite web|title=Key protein discovered as essential for malaria parasite transmission to mosquitos|url=https://phys.org/news/2014-02-key-protein-essential-malaria-parasite.html|website=phys.org|accessdate=4 July 2017}}</ref> || United States, United Kingdom

| March 10 || Scientific discovery (vector) || Researchers at the {{w|London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine}} and the {{w|University of Michigan}}, find that many areas and land masses are experiencing a gradual but noticeable warming, prompting the risk of causing malaria's domain to expand.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Moll|first1=Maryanne|title=Malaria spreading to higher grounds, thanks to global warming|url=http://www.techtimes.com/articles/4155/20140310/malaria-spreading-to-higher-grounds-thanks-to-global-warming.htm|website=techtimes.com|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> || United Kingdom, United States

| April 24 || Discovery (resistance)|| International team manages to identify a genetic marker of {{w|artemisinin}} [[w:drug resistance|resistance]], after having first created a ''{{w|Plasmodium}}'' [[w:strain (biology)|strain]] in the laboratory that resists high levels of artemisinin and comparing its {{w|DNA}} with the non–resistant parent strain.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cookson|first1=Clive|title=Researchers test new ways of controlling malaria|url=https://www.ft.com/content/0e785716-be6d-11e3-a1bf-00144feabdc0|website=ft.com|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Researchers test new ways of controlling malaria|url=https://www.ft.com/content/0e785716-be6d-11e3-a1bf-00144feabdc0|website=ft.com|accessdate=6 July 2017}}</ref> ||  

| April 25 || Campaign || School children and volunteers from {{w|Mangalore}}, {{w|India}}, launch the Guppy movement campaign, a movement with aims at controlling malaria by using {{w|guppy}} fish to eliminate mosquito larvae.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lee|first1=Rhodi|title=World Malaria Day: India fights mosquitoes with guppy fish project|url=http://www.techtimes.com/articles/6107/20140425/world-malaria-day-india-fights-mosquitoes-with-guppy-fish-project.htm|website=techtimes.com|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Paul|first1=Stella|title=India Finds Fishy Ways to Fight Malaria|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2014/04/india-finds-fishy-ways-fight-malaria/|website=ipsnews.net|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> || {{w|India}}

| May 22 || Vaccine || Researchers from {{w|Brown University}}, {{w|Rhode Island Hospital}} and the {{w|National Institutes of Health}} discover protective antibodies in protein  PfSEA-1 that is essential for malaria–causing parasites to escape from inside red blood cells. These antibodies, which were found in malaria–resistant children from {{w|Tanzania}}  are tested in [[w:mouse|mice]], leading to a significant protection against {{w|malaria}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Protein that may lead to malaria vaccine discovered|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/05/140522141424.htm|website=sciencedaily.com|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|last1=Norton|first1=Elizabeth|title=New Malaria Vaccine Shows Promise in Mice|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2014/05/new-malaria-vaccine-shows-promise-mice|website=sciencemag.org|accessdate=4 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A promising protein discovery in malaria|url=https://news.brown.edu/articles/2014/05/malaria|website=brown.edu|accessdate=31 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Raj et al|first1=Dipak K.|title=Antibodies to PfSEA-1 block parasite egress from RBCs and protect against malaria infection|doi=10.1126/science.1254417|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4184151/|accessdate=31 July 2017|pmc=4184151}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}

| May 23 || || "A new vaccine based on the blood of toddlers with a natural resistance to the mosquito-borne illness is exciting scientists and public-health officials alike."<ref>{{cite news|title=Has Malaria Met Its Match?|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/paulrodgers/2014/05/23/has-malaria-met-its-match/#741d4adb7e8b|accessdate=4 July 2017|agency=Forbes|date=May 23, 2014}}</ref> ||

| June 12 || || "it was reported that scientists have made a breakthrough in genetic modification that could be used in the fight against malaria. A team at Imperial College London have successfully genetically modified Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes so that the modified mosquitoes produce 95% male offspring. More importantly this reproductive tendency was inherited by the offspring of the modified mosquitoes."<ref>{{cite web|title=Genetically Modifying Mosquitoes to ‘Bite the Dust’? Ethical Considerations|url=http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2014/06/genetically-modifying-mosquitoes-to-bite-the-dust-ethical-considerations/|website=ox.ac.uk|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> || United Kingdom

| June 13 || || "researchers from Imperial College London, Institut Pasteur Paris and other organisations have called for new methods to evaluate malaria programmes.  Franca Davenport asks one of the authors, Dr Tom Churcher from the School of Public Health at Imperial College London, about the need for new evaluation methods and the possible advantages of their proposed new approach."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Davenport|first1=Francesca|title=Researchers call for new evaluation methods to assess malaria programmes|url=http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/newsandeventspggrp/imperialcollege/newssummary/news_12-6-2014-18-17-49|website=imperial.ac.uk|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> ||

| June 15 || || "Scientists think they have figured out a way to wipe out mosquitoes that transmit malari. Based on laboratory experiments, they think they can do it by messing up the sex life of Anopheles gambiae, the mosquito that sucks blood out of other animals, including humans, that carries the parasite that causes a disease for which there is no vaccine."<ref>{{cite web|title=How Sex Could Wipe Out Malaria|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/sex-wipe-malaria/story?id=24141137|website=go.com|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> || United Kingdom

| June 30 || || "Malaria parasite alters host body odor to entice mosquitoes"<ref>{{cite web|title=Malaria parasite alters host body odor to entice mosquitoes|url=http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-malaria-odor-mosquitoes-20140630-story.html|website=latimes.com|accessdate=4 July 2017}}</ref> ||

| July 9 || || "Researchers say they have evidence the malaria parasite lurks in bone marrow, a spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells are produced. The discovery offers hope that new treatments can be found to fight the disease, which kills an estimated one million people each year."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Berman|first1=Jessica|title=Researchers Confirm Presence of Malaria Parasite in Bone Marrow|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/researchers-confirm-presence-of-malaria-parasite-in-bone-marrow/1954382.html|website=voanews.com|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> ||

| July 21 || || "A cheap anti-malarial drug could prevent liver cancer, scientists at University College London have discovered, offering hope for hundreds of thousands who are at risk of the disease"<ref>{{cite web|last1=Knapton|first1=Sarah|title=Malaria drug could prevent liver cancer|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/10978915/Malaria-drug-could-prevent-liver-cancer.html|website=telegraph.co.uk|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> ||

| July 17 || || "Scientists from the Burnet Institute, Deakin University and Monash University were able to starve the malaria parasite of important proteins essential to its survival, providing a target for the development of new antimalarial drugs"<ref>{{cite web|title=Breakthrough made in quest for new malaria drugs as resistance fears grow|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/jul/17/breakthrough-malaria-drugs-resistance-fears-grow|website=theguardian.com|accessdate=4 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Purdy|first1=Michael C.|title=Scientists find way to trap, kill malaria parasite|url=https://source.wustl.edu/2014/07/scientists-find-way-to-trap-kill-malaria-parasite/|website=wustl.edu|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> ||

| July 21 || || "Researchers at Monash University and the University of Melbourne in Australia have found a way to rapidly identify malaria parasites in humans using advanced military hardware meant for missile defense."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kulze|first1=Elizabeth|title=How Anti-Missile Technology Is Being Used to Detect Malaria|url=http://www.vocativ.com/culture/science/anti-missile-technology-used-detect-malaria/|website=vocativ.com|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> ||

| July 29 || || "Experts say the world's first malaria vaccine could be approved for use in 2015."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mundasad|first1=Smitha|title='Milestone' for child malaria vaccine|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/health-28541939|website=bbc.com|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> ||

| August 10 || || Biological engineers at the [[wikipedia:MIT|Massachusets Institute of Technology]] demonstrate that [[wikipedia:CRISPR|CRISPR]] genome-editing technique can disrupt a single parasite gene with a success rate of up to 100% — in a matter of weeks. This approach could enable much more rapid malaria gene analysis and boost drug-development efforts.<ref>{{cite web|title=An easier way to manipulate malaria genes|url=http://news.mit.edu/2014/better-malaria-drug-targets-0810|website=mit.edu|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> || [[wikipedia:United States|United States]]

| August 24 || || "Man And Machine: Facial Recognition System Improves Malaria Diagnostics"<ref>{{cite web|title=Man And Machine: Facial Recognition System Improves Malaria Diagnostics|url=http://www.science20.com/news_articles/man_and_machine_facial_recognition_system_improves_malaria_diagnostics-143173|website=science20.com|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> ||

| September 3 || || " UConn Researcher’s Nanoparticle Key to New Malaria Vaccine."<ref>{{cite web|title=UConn Researcher’s Nanoparticle Key to New Malaria Vaccine|url=http://today.uconn.edu/2014/09/uconn-researchers-nanoparticle-key-to-new-malaria-vaccine/|website=uconn.edu|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> ||

| September 9 || || "Scientists Invent Inexpensive, Quick And Accurate Malaria Test"<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pandey|first1=Avaneesh|title=Scientists Invent Inexpensive, Quick And Accurate Malaria Test|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/scientists-invent-inexpensive-quick-accurate-malaria-test-1674922|accessdate=4 July 2017}}</ref> ||

| September 10 || || "UC San Francisco (UCSF) is working to create an online platform that health workers around the world can use to predict where malaria is likely to be transmitted using data on Google Earth Engine."<ref>{{cite web|title=UCSF, Google Earth Engine Making Maps to Predict Malaria|url=https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2014/09/116906/ucsf-google-earth-engine-making-maps-predict-malaria|website=ucsf.edu|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> ||

| October 22 || || "Researchers on the island of Borneo are using flying robots to map out areas affected by a type of malaria parasite (Plasmodium knowlesi), which most commonly infects macaque monkeys." "Drakeley and his colleagues used a small, camera-carrying drone called a senseFly eBee to create maps and digital surface models of the land and vegetation surrounding communities where P. knowlesi has turned up in humans. The drone can fly for up to 50 minutes and carries a 16-megapixel digital camera."<ref>{{cite web|title=How Drones Are Fighting Infectious Disease|url=https://www.livescience.com/48396-drones-track-infectious-disease.html|website=livescience.com|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> || Malaysia

| October 27 || || "a group of scientists from Johns Hopkins University may have found a novel way of curbing both diseases: by “vaccinating” mosquitos against the parasite that causes malaria and the virus that causes dengue. The researchers are using the bacteria Chromobacterium, which prevents the pathogens from effectively invading and colonizing mosquito guts.a group of scientists from Johns Hopkins University may have found a novel way of curbing both diseases: by “vaccinating” mosquitos against the parasite that causes malaria and the virus that causes dengue. The researchers are using the bacteria Chromobacterium, which prevents the pathogens from effectively invading and colonizing mosquito guts."<ref>{{cite web|title=Exploiting insect microbiomes to curb malaria and dengue|url=http://scopeblog.stanford.edu/2014/10/27/exploiting-insect-microbiomes-to-curb-malaria-and-dengue/|website=stanford.edu|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> || United States

| November 3 || || "Bill Gates announced Sunday his foundation will give away $500 million this year to combat diseases like malaria on top of the $50 million it already committed to fighting Ebola."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Alexander|first1=Dan|title=Bill Gates Gives $500 Million To Fight Malaria, Other Diseases|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/danalexander/2014/11/03/bill-gates-gives-500-million-to-fight-malaria-other-diseases/#72cdef0a1cb8|website=forbes.com|accessdate=4 July 2017}}</ref> ||

| November 6 || || "A form of malaria found in wild monkeys has begun to infect people so often in parts of Southeast Asia that it has become the leading cause of malaria in Malaysia." "Parasite’s jump from monkeys to people seems aided by deforestation"<ref>{{cite web|title=Uncommon malaria spreading in Malaysia|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/uncommon-malaria-spreading-malaysia|website=sciencenews.org|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=McNEIL Jr|first1=DONALD G.|title=A Rare Form of Malaria Is Spreading in Malaysia|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/11/health/a-rare-form-of-malaria-is-spreading-in-malaysia.html|website=nytimes.com|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> || Malaysia

| December 4 || || "Blood pressure build-up from white blood cells may cause cerebral malaria death"<ref>{{cite web|title=Blood pressure build-up from white blood cells may cause cerebral malaria death|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-12/p-bpb112614.php|website=eurekalert.org|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> ||

| December 9 || || "Researchers at the University of Basel and the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute have now developed so-called nanomimics of host cell membranes that trick the parasites. This could lead to novel treatment and vaccination strategies in the fight against malaria and other infectious diseases."<ref>{{cite web|title=Nanotechnology against malaria parasites|url=https://phys.org/news/2014-12-nanotechnology-malaria-parasites.html|website=phys.org|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nanotechnology battles malaria parasites|url=https://www.rdmag.com/news/2014/12/nanotechnology-battles-malaria-parasites|website=rdmag.com|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> || Switzerland

| December 11 || || "Latest research by NTU discovers reasons for malaria's drug resistance."<ref>{{cite web|title=Latest research by NTU discovers reasons for malaria's drug resistance|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-12/ntu-lrb121114.php|website=eurekalert.org|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> || Singapore

| December 19 || || "Google.org helping fund mobile phone project to combat malaria" "On Friday, Google.org, the search giant's philanthropic arm, announced that it's giving Malaria No More a $600,000 grant to embark on a potentially transformative data mining project in Nigeria. The grant is part of a pot of $15 million that Google.org is doling out to organizations that use technology to solve the world's biggest problems." "Africa, where malaria kills around 400,000 children every year, is set to top 1 billion mobile phone subscriptions by next year. That means that public health researchers will have one billion ways to communicate with—and collect data from—the people who are most at risk of catching malaria, a disease that has traditionally been extremely difficult to track."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lapowsky|first1=Issie|title=The Savvy Plan to Combat Malaria With Mobile Phones|url=https://www.wired.com/2014/12/malaria-no-more-google/|website=wired.com|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Google.org helping fund mobile phone project to combat malaria|url=https://www.geekwire.com/2014/google-org-helping-fund-mobile-phone-project-combat-malaria/|website=geekwire.com|accessdate=5 July 2017}}</ref> ||

 

*[[Timeline of malaria]]