Difference between revisions of "Timeline of food and nutrition in India"

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! Time period !! Development summary !! More details
 
! Time period !! Development summary !! More details
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| Before AD || Pre-Christian times || At around 2000 BC, the [[w:Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] tradition of cooking (a complete holistic approach to cooking) evolves, laying the foundation of the concept that everything we eat affects both our body and mind, therefore food should be pure, from nature, and balanced. At around 1000 BC, the roots of {{w|Hinduism}} are shaped, the {{w|Vedas}} are developed as well as the caste system, which divides food habits of people broadly by caste. The {{w|Brahmin}}s are mostly vegetarians while the {{w|Kshatriya}}s are non-vegetarian. {{w|Buddhism}} and {{w|Jainism}} develop in the 6th century BC, with the latter having a marked influence on the cuisine in some parts of India. Jains are strong believers in non-violence, and [[w:Jain vegetarianism|their cuisine]], apart from being cooked without {{w|meat}} is also cooked without {{w|onion}} and {{w|garlic}}. Starting at around 300 BC, during {{w|Maurya Empire}}, the economy is agriculture driven which results in the base of all the grain cuisine in India.<ref name="Indian cuisine"/>
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|-
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| AD–1200 || Early Christian times || Several {{w|North India}}n dynasties develop, including the {{w|Gupta Empire}}, which is noted for its love of the arts and gives rise to the {{w|Golden Age of India}}, in which several travelers visit the country and carry with them knowledge and products like {{w|tea}} and {{w|spice}}s.<ref name="Indian cuisine"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1500–1600 || European contact || Portuguese and Spanish seafaring people bring food plants from [[w:South America|South]] and {{w|Central America}} into India.<ref name="The Story of Our Food"/> The Portuguese notably influence the development of the {{w|Goan cuisine}}.<ref name="Indian cuisine"/> Portuguese sailors introduce potatoes, tomatoes, pineapples, {{w|guava}}s, and {{w|cashew}}s from {{w|Brazil}} to India. The {{w|chili pepper}}, also introduced by the Portuguese, would become immensely popular as a very important spice for wider Indian cuisine. The Portuguese also introduce beef and pork to converts to {{w|Catholicism}}, meats which are considered a taboo by {{w|Hindus}}.<ref name=por>{{cite book|last=Chapman|first=Pat|title=India: Food & Cooking: The Ultimate Book on Indian Cuisine|year=2009|publisher=New Holland Publishers|isbn= 978-1845376192|page=256}}</ref>
 
| 1500–1600 || European contact || Portuguese and Spanish seafaring people bring food plants from [[w:South America|South]] and {{w|Central America}} into India.<ref name="The Story of Our Food"/> The Portuguese notably influence the development of the {{w|Goan cuisine}}.<ref name="Indian cuisine"/> Portuguese sailors introduce potatoes, tomatoes, pineapples, {{w|guava}}s, and {{w|cashew}}s from {{w|Brazil}} to India. The {{w|chili pepper}}, also introduced by the Portuguese, would become immensely popular as a very important spice for wider Indian cuisine. The Portuguese also introduce beef and pork to converts to {{w|Catholicism}}, meats which are considered a taboo by {{w|Hindus}}.<ref name=por>{{cite book|last=Chapman|first=Pat|title=India: Food & Cooking: The Ultimate Book on Indian Cuisine|year=2009|publisher=New Holland Publishers|isbn= 978-1845376192|page=256}}</ref>
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| 1500–1800 || Mughal Empire || {{w|Moglai cuisine}} emerges. Several seasonings are introduced, like {{w|saffron}}, the addition of nuts and cooking in the “Dum” or sealed pot method of cooking. The Syrian Christian cuisine is introduced in {{w|Kerala}}.<ref name="Indian cuisine">{{cite web |title=Indian cuisine |url=http://foodhistory.pbworks.com/w/page/12799461/Indian |website=foodhistory.pbworks.com |accessdate=20 September 2019}}</ref> In {{w|South India}}, during the Sultan dynasty, {{w|Hyderabadi cuisine}} develops, comprising a broad collection of rice, wheat and meat dishes along with the skilled use of various spices and herbs. The Hyderabadi introduce the {{w|Dum Pukht}} method, a slow and sealed method of cooking.<ref>{{cite web |title=HYDERBADI INDIAN CUISINE |url=https://masala-art.com/2013/08/31/hyderbadi-indian-cuisine/ |website=masala-art.com |accessdate=20 September 2019}}</ref> In the 18th century famines abound in India. The British become interested in new food plants in order to cope with constant starvation.<ref name="19th century Indian diet: rice fights wheat">{{cite web |title=19th century Indian diet: rice fights wheat |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/19th-century-indian-diet-rice-fights-wheat-32329 |website=downtoearth.org.in |accessdate=8 August 2019}}</ref>
 
| 1500–1800 || Mughal Empire || {{w|Moglai cuisine}} emerges. Several seasonings are introduced, like {{w|saffron}}, the addition of nuts and cooking in the “Dum” or sealed pot method of cooking. The Syrian Christian cuisine is introduced in {{w|Kerala}}.<ref name="Indian cuisine">{{cite web |title=Indian cuisine |url=http://foodhistory.pbworks.com/w/page/12799461/Indian |website=foodhistory.pbworks.com |accessdate=20 September 2019}}</ref> In {{w|South India}}, during the Sultan dynasty, {{w|Hyderabadi cuisine}} develops, comprising a broad collection of rice, wheat and meat dishes along with the skilled use of various spices and herbs. The Hyderabadi introduce the {{w|Dum Pukht}} method, a slow and sealed method of cooking.<ref>{{cite web |title=HYDERBADI INDIAN CUISINE |url=https://masala-art.com/2013/08/31/hyderbadi-indian-cuisine/ |website=masala-art.com |accessdate=20 September 2019}}</ref> In the 18th century famines abound in India. The British become interested in new food plants in order to cope with constant starvation.<ref name="19th century Indian diet: rice fights wheat">{{cite web |title=19th century Indian diet: rice fights wheat |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/19th-century-indian-diet-rice-fights-wheat-32329 |website=downtoearth.org.in |accessdate=8 August 2019}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
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| 1800–1947 || British rule || Debates on the Indian diet begin, with two areas of colonial concern: famine and prisons.<ref name="19th century Indian diet: rice fights wheat"/> The [[w:British Raj|British regime]] in India supplies the irrigation works but rarely on the scale required.<ref name="The british regime">{{cite web |title=The british regime in india did supply the irrigation |url=https://www.coursehero.com/file/p2uutmob/The-British-regime-in-India-did-supply-the-irrigation-works-but-rarely-on-the/ |website=coursehero.com |accessdate=11 August 2019}}</ref> By the early century, 3 out of 4 Indians are employed in agriculture, famines are common, with food consumption per capita tending toward decline.<ref name=am1970>Maddison, A. (1970), ''The historical origins of Indian poverty'', PSL Quarterly Review, 23(92), pp. 31-81.</ref>
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| 1800–1947 || British rule || Debates on the Indian diet begin, with two areas of colonial concern: famine and prisons.<ref name="19th century Indian diet: rice fights wheat"/> The [[w:British Raj|British regime]] in India supplies the irrigation works but rarely on the scale required.<ref name="The british regime">{{cite web |title=The british regime in india did supply the irrigation |url=https://www.coursehero.com/file/p2uutmob/The-British-regime-in-India-did-supply-the-irrigation-works-but-rarely-on-the/ |website=coursehero.com |accessdate=11 August 2019}}</ref> By the early 20th century, 3 out of 4 Indians are employed in agriculture, famines are common, with food consumption per capita tending toward decline.<ref name=am1970>Maddison, A. (1970), ''The historical origins of Indian poverty'', PSL Quarterly Review, 23(92), pp. 31-81.</ref>
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|-
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| Since 1947 || Independent India || Partition of the country reduced Indian cereal production per capita. Imports of food are necessary to maintain reserves. The food policy is examined and a program for self sufficiency is started. In the 1950s, prime minister {{w|Jawaharlal Nehru}} embarks on a policy of state-led industrialization modeled partly by the {{w|Soviet}}s.<ref name="Handbook on the Globalisation of Agriculture"/>
 
|-
 
|-
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| Since 1947 || Independent India || In the 1950s, prime minister {{w|Jawaharlal Nehru}} embarks on a policy of state-led industrialization modeled partly by the {{w|Soviet}}s.<ref name="Handbook on the Globalisation of Agriculture"/> The {{w|Green Revolution}} in the 1960s leads to increased production of staple food crops like {{w|rice}} and {{w|wheat}}, which reduces hunger and boosts incomes and overall economic growth.<ref name="The evolution of nutrition policies: Evidence from India">{{cite web |title=The evolution of nutrition policies: Evidence from India |url=http://www.foodsecurityportal.org/evolution-nutrition-policies-evidence-india |website=foodsecurityportal.org |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref> Rapid growth in farm productivity enables India to become self-sufficient by the 1970s.<ref name="How Agriculture 2.0 will transform India?"/> Also, the ‘White Revolution’ by the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) makes milk and other dairy products more easily and widely accessible. The usage of {{w|ghee}}, {{w|butter}}, {{w|paneer}}, and {{w|cheese}} enhances the diet of Indians, especially in the urban areas thus pushing up the averages for the national daily intake of dairy and animal product.<ref name="50 Years of Food in India"/> In the 1980s India manages to get along with very few food imports because of the growth in food-grain production and the development of a large buffer stock against potential agricultural shortfalls, all this despite three years of meager rainfall and a drought in the middle of the decade.<ref name="agriculture">{{cite web |title=Agriculture |url=http://countrystudies.us/india/102.htm |website=countrystudies.us |accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref> By the early 1990s, India becomes self-sufficient in food-grain production.<ref name="agriculture"/>  
+
| 1968–1991 || The {{w|Green Revolution}} || The {{w|Green Revolution in India}} develops with wide diffusion of technologies that achieve a spectacular growth in agricultural outputs.<ref name="Handbook on the Globalisation of Agriculture">{{cite book |last1=Robinson |first1=Guy M. |last2=Carson |first2=Doris A. |title=Handbook on the Globalisation of Agriculture |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=GOfECQAAQBAJ&pg=PA245&dq=1960s++Green+Revolution+in+India&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi92Juh6-TjAhXLDrkGHQpVABMQ6AEIVDAH#v=onepage&q=1960s%20%20Green%20Revolution%20in%20India&f=false}}</ref> An increased production of staple food crops like {{w|rice}} and {{w|wheat}} reduces hunger and boosts incomes and overall economic growth.<ref name="The evolution of nutrition policies: Evidence from India">{{cite web |title=The evolution of nutrition policies: Evidence from India |url=http://www.foodsecurityportal.org/evolution-nutrition-policies-evidence-india |website=foodsecurityportal.org |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref> Rapid growth in farm productivity enables India to become self-sufficient by the 1970s.<ref name="How Agriculture 2.0 will transform India?"/> Also, the ‘White Revolution’ by the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) makes milk and other dairy products more easily and widely accessible. The usage of {{w|ghee}}, {{w|butter}}, {{w|paneer}}, and {{w|cheese}} enhances the diet of Indians, especially in the urban areas thus pushing up the averages for the national daily intake of dairy and animal product.<ref name="50 Years of Food in India"/> In the 1980s India manages to get along with very few food imports because of the growth in food-grain production and the development of a large buffer stock against potential agricultural shortfalls, all this despite three years of meager rainfall and a drought in the middle of the decade.<ref name="agriculture">{{cite web |title=Agriculture |url=http://countrystudies.us/india/102.htm |website=countrystudies.us |accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref> By the early 1990s, India becomes self-sufficient in food-grain production.<ref name="agriculture"/>  
 
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|-
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| 21th century || Present time || {{w|India}} has moved away from dependence on food aid to become a net food exporter. However, the country continues to suffer severe levels of malnutrition, which remains a leading cause of deaths in infants. As of 2017, India ranks 100th out of 118 countries with a serious hunger situation. There are around 195 million undernourished people, a quarter of the global hunger burden. Nearly 47 million or 4 out of 10 children in India do not meet their full human potential because of chronic undernutrition or [[w:Stunted growth|stunting]].<ref name="Nutrition And Food Security"/>  
+
| 21tst century || Present time || {{w|India}} has moved away from dependence on food aid to become a net food exporter. However, the country continues to suffer severe levels of malnutrition, which remains a leading cause of deaths in infants. As of 2017, India ranks 100th out of 118 countries with a serious hunger situation. There are around 195 million undernourished people, a quarter of the global hunger burden. Nearly 47 million or 4 out of 10 children in India do not meet their full human potential because of chronic undernutrition or [[w:Stunted growth|stunting]].<ref name="Nutrition And Food Security"/>  
 
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|-
 
|}
 
|}
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== Numerical and visual data  ==
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=== Google Scholar ===
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The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of May 30, 2021.
 +
 +
{| class="sortable wikitable"
 +
! Year
 +
! food and nutrition in India
 +
! food in india
 +
! nutrition in India
 +
! child nutrition in india
 +
|-
 +
| 1980 || 5,860 || 13,200 || 6,620 || 813
 +
|-
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| 1985 || 2,640 || 11,500 || 3,750 || 946
 +
|-
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| 1990 || 12,800 || 27,000 || 14,000 || 1,410
 +
|-
 +
| 1995 || 5,250 || 24,500 || 7,380 || 2,100
 +
|-
 +
| 2000 || 18,100 || 73,800 || 21,700 || 3,910
 +
|-
 +
| 2002 || 11,100 || 86,600 || 14,800 || 5,100
 +
|-
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| 2004 || 13,100 || 114,000 || 17,600 || 6,390
 +
|-
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| 2006 || 17,400 || 154,000 || 25,100 || 7,790
 +
|-
 +
| 2008 || 23,100 || 201,000 || 34,100 || 9,910
 +
|-
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| 2010 || 41,200 || 289,000 || 59,100 || 12,200
 +
|-
 +
| 2012 || 50,400 || 383,000 || 73,200 || 15,600
 +
|-
 +
| 2014 || 55,000 || 371,000 || 78,700 || 20,100
 +
|-
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| 2016 || 52,900 || 348,000 || 73,000 || 21,300 
 +
|-
 +
| 2017 || 54,700 || 328,000 || 76,300 || 22,400 
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|-
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| 2018 || 50,900 || 239,000 || 70,000 || 23,100
 +
|-
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| 2019 || 51,800 || 183,000 || 68,100 || 25,300
 +
|-
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| 2020 || 33,400 || 140,000 || 39,700 || 24,900
 +
|-
 +
|}
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[[File:Food in india tb.png|thumb|center|700px]]
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=== Google Trends ===
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 +
The comparative chart below shows {{w|Google Trends}} data for Nutrition in India (Search term) and Malnutrition in India (Search term), from January 2004 to February 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nutrition and malnutrition in india |url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=nutrition%20in%20india,malnutrition%20in%20india |website=Google Trends |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref>
 +
 +
[[File:Nutrition in India gt.jpg|thumb|center|800px]]
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 +
The comparative chart below shows {{w|Google Trends}} data for Malnutrition in India (Search term) and Malnutrition in China (Search term), from January 2004 to February 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malnutrition in India and China |url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=malnutrition%20in%20India,malnutrition%20in%20China |website=Google Trends |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref>
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 +
[[File:Malnutrition in India and China.jpg|thumb|center|800px]]
  
 
==Full timeline==
 
==Full timeline==
  
 
{| class="sortable wikitable"
 
{| class="sortable wikitable"
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! Year !! Category !! Event type !! Details
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! Year !! Category !! Event type !! Details
 
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| 9000 BC || Food || Production || Indian agriculture arguably begins by this time as a result of early cultivation of plants, and domestication of crops and animals.<ref name="gupta57">Gupta, page 57</ref>
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| 9000 BC || Food || Production || Indian agriculture arguably begins by this time as a result of early cultivation of plants, and domestication of crops and animals.<ref name="gupta57">Gupta, page 57</ref> ||
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| 3000 BC || Food || Production || The {{w|water buffalo}} (''Bubalus bubalis'') is domesticated by Indians possibly around this time.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nagarajan |first1=Muniyandi |last2=Nimisha |first2=Koodali |last3=Kumar |first3=Satish |title=Mitochondrial DNA Variability of Domestic River Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Populations: Genetic Evidence for Domestication of River Buffalo in Indian Subcontinent |doi=10.1093/gbe/evv067 |pmid=25900921 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4453062/ |pmc=4453062}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Venkata |first1=Boggavarapu |last2=Rama Sharma |first2=Visweswara Sita |title=The Study of Cow in Sanskrit Literature |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=mFMqAAAAYAAJ&q=3000+BC+The+buffalo+(the+river+type)+is+domesticated+by+Indians&dq=3000+BC+The+buffalo+(the+river+type)+is+domesticated+by+Indians&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiEoojvreTjAhVDK7kGHb_SACkQ6AEINjAC}}</ref>
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| 3000 BC || Food || Production || The {{w|water buffalo}} (''Bubalus bubalis'') is domesticated by Indians possibly around this time.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nagarajan |first1=Muniyandi |last2=Nimisha |first2=Koodali |last3=Kumar |first3=Satish |title=Mitochondrial DNA Variability of Domestic River Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Populations: Genetic Evidence for Domestication of River Buffalo in Indian Subcontinent |doi=10.1093/gbe/evv067 |pmid=25900921 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4453062/ |pmc=4453062}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Venkata |first1=Boggavarapu |last2=Rama Sharma |first2=Visweswara Sita |title=The Study of Cow in Sanskrit Literature |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=mFMqAAAAYAAJ&q=3000+BC+The+buffalo+(the+river+type)+is+domesticated+by+Indians&dq=3000+BC+The+buffalo+(the+river+type)+is+domesticated+by+Indians&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiEoojvreTjAhVDK7kGHb_SACkQ6AEINjAC}}</ref> || [[File:Two water buffaloes bathing at sunset.jpg|thumb|center|130px|Water buffaloes]]
 +
|-
 +
| 3000 BC || Food || Production || {{w|Turmeric}}, {{w|cardamom}}, {{w|black pepper}} and [[w:Mustard plant|mustard]] are harvested in India.<ref>[http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/book/dawnofhistory.html Curry, Spice & All Things Nice: Dawn of History<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.slate.com/articles/life/food/2013/01/indus_civilization_food_how_scientists_are_figuring_out_what_curry_was_like.html The Mystery of Curry]</ref> ||
 +
|-
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| 3000 BC || Food || Origin || Coconut oil, an important part of [[w:Ayurveda|Ayurvedic medicine]], starts to be produced in India around this time.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coconut Oil History |url=http://rudanetrading.com.au/Information/coconut-oil.html |website=rudanetrading.com.au |accessdate=24 September 2019}}</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2000 BC || Food || Origin || The earliest known reference to the cultivation of {{w|mango}}es are traced to {{w|India}} at around this time.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sauer|first1=Jonathan D.|title=Historical geography of crop plants : a select roster|date=1993|publisher=CRC Press|location=Boca Raton u.a.|isbn=0849389011|pages=17}}</ref> The mango is the national fruit of the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Fruit |url=https://knowindia.gov.in/national-identity-elements/national-fruit.php |website=knowindia.gov.in |accessdate=2 August 2019}}</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2000 BC || Food || Introduction || Ragi (''{{w|Eleusine coracana}}'') is introduced from {{w|Africa}} to India around this time.<ref name="The Story of Our Food">{{cite book |last1=Achaya |first1=K.T. |title=The Story of Our Food |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=bk9RHRCqZOkC&pg=PA21&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 3000 BC || Food || Production || {{w|Turmeric}}, {{w|cardamom}}, {{w|black pepper}} and [[w:Mustard plant|mustard]] are harvested in India.<ref>[http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/book/dawnofhistory.html Curry, Spice & All Things Nice: Dawn of History<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.slate.com/articles/life/food/2013/01/indus_civilization_food_how_scientists_are_figuring_out_what_curry_was_like.html The Mystery of Curry]</ref>
+
| 2000 BC–1800 BC || Food || Origin || {{w|Ghee}} is invented in the northeast corner of the {{w|Indian subcontinent}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Foodie's Guide to the History of Ghee |url=https://www.wisechoicemarket.com/blog/a-foodies-guide-to-the-history-of-ghee/ |website=wisechoicemarket.com |accessdate=20 September 2019}}</ref> || [[File:Butterschmalz-3.jpg|thumb|center|130px|{{w|Ghee}}]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2000 BC || Food || Production || The earliest known reference to the cultivation of {{w|mango}}es are traced to {{w|India}} at around this time.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sauer|first1=Jonathan D.|title=Historical geography of crop plants : a select roster|date=1993|publisher=CRC Press|location=Boca Raton u.a.|isbn=0849389011|pages=17}}</ref> The mango is the national fruit of the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Fruit |url=https://knowindia.gov.in/national-identity-elements/national-fruit.php |website=knowindia.gov.in |accessdate=2 August 2019}}</ref>
+
| 500 BC || Food || Origin || Indian farmers discover and begin farming many spices and {{w|sugarcane}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Farming in India |url=https://www.toppr.com/guides/geography/agriculture/farming-in-india/ |website=toppr.com |accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2000 BC || || || Ragi (''{{w|Eleusine coracana}}'') is introduced from {{w|Africa}} to India around this time.<ref name="The Story of Our Food">{{cite book |last1=Achaya |first1=K.T. |title=The Story of Our Food |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=bk9RHRCqZOkC&pg=PA21&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref>
+
| 300 BC || Nutrition  || Diet || {{w|Maurya Empire}}. A lot of [[w:Hinduism|Hindus]] feel that animal sacrifices add to the {{w|karma}}. Animal sacrifices become less popular, and meat consumption decreases.<ref name="Indian food history – spices and sugar in ancient India">{{cite web |title=Indian food history – spices and sugar in ancient India |url=https://quatr.us/india/indian-food-history-ancient.htm |website=quatr.us |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref> || 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2000 BC–1800 BC || Food || Origin || {{w|Ghee}} is invented in the northeast corner of the {{w|Indian subcontinent}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Foodie's Guide to the History of Ghee |url=https://www.wisechoicemarket.com/blog/a-foodies-guide-to-the-history-of-ghee/ |website=wisechoicemarket.com |accessdate=20 September 2019}}</ref>
+
| 200 BC || Nutrition || Literature || A famous manual of statecraft is written, containing the description of the {{w|Arthashastra}} of Kautilya (a balanced meal of a gentleman). It consists of rice: 500g, dhal: 125g, oil: 56g and salt: 50, respectively.<ref name="The Story of Our Food"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 500 BC || Food || Production || Indian farmers discover and begin farming many spices and {{w|sugarcane}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Farming in India |url=https://www.toppr.com/guides/geography/agriculture/farming-in-india/ |website=toppr.com |accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref>
+
| 200 BC–101 BC || Food || Introduction || Emperor {{w|Ashoka}} popularizes vegetarian dishes as an alternative food source.<ref name="Indian Cooking">{{cite web |title=Ancient Indian Cooking Methods |url=https://oureverydaylife.com/ancient-indian-cooking-methods-12509984.html |website=oureverydaylife.com |accessdate=23 September 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 300 BC || Nutrition  || Diet || {{w|Maurya Empire}}. A lot of [[w:Hinduism|Hindus]] feel that animal sacrifices add to the {{w|karma}}. Animal sacrifices become less popular, and meat consumption decreases.<ref name="Indian food history – spices and sugar in ancient India">{{cite web |title=Indian food history – spices and sugar in ancient India |url=https://quatr.us/india/indian-food-history-ancient.htm |website=quatr.us |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref> 
+
| 100–500 AD || Food || Introduction || {{w|Okra}} (''Bhindi'' in Hindi), is introduced in India.<ref name="ref61rozif">[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfSmSmC0WhMC 75 Exciting Vegetables For Your Garden], Jack E. Staub, Ellen Buchert, Gibbs Smith, 2005, {{ISBN|9781586852504}}, ''... Ancient varieties of okra can still be found growing wild from Ethiopia to the White Nile in Egypt, and this interesting food plant is believed to have originated in Ethiopia. In the absence of any ancient Indian names for it, modern botanists believe it found its way to India ... about AD 200 ...''</ref> || [[File:Hong Kong Okra Aug 25 2012.JPG|thumb|center|130px|{{w|Okra}}]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 200 BC || Nutrition || Literature || A famous manual of statecraft is written, containing the description of the {{w|Arthashastra}} of Kautilya (a balanced meal of a gentleman). It consists of rice: 500g, dhal: 125g, oil: 56g and salt: 50, respectively.<ref name="The Story of Our Food"/>
+
| 650 AD || Nutrition || Diet || {{w|Gupta Empire}}. Hindus begin to worship a Mother Goddess. Cows are sacred to her, so Hindus stop eating beef pretty much completely.<ref name="Indian food history – spices and sugar in ancient India"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 100–500 AD || Food || Introduction || {{w|Okra}} (''Bhindi'' in Hindi), is introduced in India.<ref name="ref61rozif">[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfSmSmC0WhMC 75 Exciting Vegetables For Your Garden], Jack E. Staub, Ellen Buchert, Gibbs Smith, 2005, {{ISBN|9781586852504}}, ''... Ancient varieties of okra can still be found growing wild from Ethiopia to the White Nile in Egypt, and this interesting food plant is believed to have originated in Ethiopia. In the absence of any ancient Indian names for it, modern botanists believe it found its way to India ... about AD 200 ...''</ref>
+
| 900 AD || Food || Production || Lemons and purple carrots are introduced in India from {{w|Central Asia}}.<ref name="Indian food history – spices and sugar in ancient India"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 650 AD || Nutrition || Diet || {{w|Gupta Empire}}. Hindus begin to worship a Mother Goddess. Cows are sacred to her, so Hindus stop eating beef pretty much completely.<ref name="Indian food history – spices and sugar in ancient India"/>
+
| 1100 AD || Nutrition || Diet || With the {{w|Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent}}, most people in India stop eating {{w|pork}}. People can still eat {{w|lamb}} or {{w|goat}}s or {{w|chicken}}, but most of the people in India become {{w|vegetarian}}s, and only eat meat very rarely or not at all. Along the coasts and rivers, though, people still eat plenty of fish.<ref name="Indian food history – spices and sugar in ancient India"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 900 AD || Food || Production || Lemons and purple carrots are introduced in India from {{w|Central Asia}}.<ref name="Indian food history – spices and sugar in ancient India"/>
+
| 1396 || Nutrition || Crisis || The {{w|Durga Devi famine}} breaks out as a very severe and prolonged famine lasting about twelve years until 1407,<ref>{{cite web |title=FAMINE |url=https://theodora.com/encyclopedia/f/famine.html |website=theodora.com |accessdate=17 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=THE MUSLIM PERIOD |url=https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Poona/PART%20II/Chap%20(2)/Muslim%20Period.htm |website=cultural.maharashtra.gov.in |accessdate=17 June 2020}}</ref> affecting the [[w:Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] region.<ref name="scroll.in">{{cite web |title=In parched Marathwada, farmers are finally turning away from water-intensive sugarcane |url=https://scroll.in/article/759038/in-parched-marathwada-farmers-are-finally-turning-away-from-water-intensive-sugarcane |website=scroll.in |accessdate=17 June 2020}}</ref> Many thousand people die in {{w|Maharashtra}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=DK |title=Timelines of History: The Ultimate Visual Guide to the Events That Shaped the World |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=avLkDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA489&lpg=PA489&dq=Durga+Devi+famine&source=bl&ots=P0O07mSAe_&sig=ACfU3U1AnrUQm3cF4pNqYHT3B33gCTdDIA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPtdPk3InqAhUZJrkGHa6QBkkQ6AEwEXoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=Durga%20Devi%20famine&f=false}}</ref> Overall, it is estimated that the famine killed millions of people.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Millennium of Monsoon Failures, Droughts and Famines |url=http://www.island.lk/2010/06/14/features2.html |website=island.lk |accessdate=17 June 2020}}</ref> ||   
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1100 AD || Nutrition || Diet || With the {{w|Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent}}, most people in India stop eating {{w|pork}}. People can still eat {{w|lamb}} or {{w|goat}}s or {{w|chicken}}, but most of the people in India become {{w|vegetarian}}s, and only eat meat very rarely or not at all. Along the coasts and rivers, though, people still eat plenty of fish.<ref name="Indian food history – spices and sugar in ancient India"/>
+
| 1400–1500 || Food || Introduction || {{w|Tamarind}} is introduced in India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tamarindus indica L. |url=https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/31829 |website=indiabiodiversity.org |accessdate=20 September 2019}}</ref> It is one of the most popular sourcing agents in Indian and Asian cooking.<ref>{{cite web |title=TAMARIND: A HISTORY AND INSIGHT |url=https://www.herbies.com.au/general/tamarind-history-insight/ |website=herbies.com.au |accessdate=20 September 2019}}</ref> || [[File:Tamarindus indica-flowers.jpg|thumb|center|140px|Tamarindus indica flowers]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1400–1500 || Food || Introduction || {{w|Tamarind}} is introduced in India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tamarindus indica L. |url=https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/31829 |website=indiabiodiversity.org |accessdate=20 September 2019}}</ref> It is one of the most popular sourcing agents in Indian and Asian cooking.<ref>{{cite web |title=TAMARIND: A HISTORY AND INSIGHT |url=https://www.herbies.com.au/general/tamarind-history-insight/ |website=herbies.com.au |accessdate=20 September 2019}}</ref>
+
| 1550 || Food || Introduction || {{w|Chili pepper}} (''Mirch'' in Hindi) is introduced in India by Portuguese traders.<ref name="ref72rocoh">[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfSmSmC0WhMC 75 Exciting Vegetables For Your Garden], Jack E. Staub, Ellen Buchert, Gibbs Smith, 2005, pp. 126, {{ISBN|9781586852504}}, ''.India, hot peppers were dispersed by the earliest explorers to the Iberian Peninsula ... being cultivated in India by the sixteenth century, with three varieties growing in India by 1542 ...''</ref> || [[File:Madame Jeanette and other chillies.jpg|thumb|center|130px|{{w|Chili pepper}}s]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1550 || Food || Introduction || {{w|Chili pepper}} (''Mirch'' in Hindi) is introduced in India by Portuguese traders.<ref name="ref72rocoh">[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfSmSmC0WhMC 75 Exciting Vegetables For Your Garden], Jack E. Staub, Ellen Buchert, Gibbs Smith, 2005, pp. 126, {{ISBN|9781586852504}}, ''.India, hot peppers were dispersed by the earliest explorers to the Iberian Peninsula ... being cultivated in India by the sixteenth century, with three varieties growing in India by 1542 ...''</ref>
+
| 1615–1619 || Food || Production || {{w|Potato}} in India is first mentioned in an account of the voyage of English chaplain [[w:Edward Terry (author)|Edward Terry]], who writes: "In the northernmost part of this empire they have a variety of pears and apples; everywhere good roots as carrot, potatoes, and other like them...are grown".<ref>{{cite book |title=Evolutionary Studies in World Crops: Diversity and Change in the Indian Subcontinent |edition=Joseph Hutchinson |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=fe03AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA139&lpg=PA139&dq=%22portuguese%22+%22potato%22+%22india%22+%221600..1699%22&source=bl&ots=VIhMzGUOrK&sig=ACfU3U1-SLpmVtcwNi4SXWR_jWTa4KZ65A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjnv4jr7qDkAhVcKrkGHdLjCecQ6AEwDXoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22portuguese%22%20%22potato%22%20%22india%22%20%221600..1699%22&f=false}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1615–1619 || Food || Production || {{w|Potato}} in India is first mentioned in an account of the voyage of English chaplain [[w:Edward Terry (author)|Edward Terry]], who writes: "In the northernmost part of this empire they have a variety of pears and apples; everywhere good roots as carrot, potatoes, and other like them...are grown".<ref>{{cite book |title=Evolutionary Studies in World Crops: Diversity and Change in the Indian Subcontinent |edition=Joseph Hutchinson |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=fe03AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA139&lpg=PA139&dq=%22portuguese%22+%22potato%22+%22india%22+%221600..1699%22&source=bl&ots=VIhMzGUOrK&sig=ACfU3U1-SLpmVtcwNi4SXWR_jWTa4KZ65A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjnv4jr7qDkAhVcKrkGHdLjCecQ6AEwDXoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22portuguese%22%20%22potato%22%20%22india%22%20%221600..1699%22&f=false}}</ref>
+
| 1784 || Food || Preparation method || During a [[w:Chalisa famine|famine]], {{w|Nawab}} {{w|Asaf-ud-Daulah}} builds the {{w|Bara Imambara}} in {{w|Lucknow}} in order to create employment for the starving people. Huge quantities of food are cooked in large vessels, degs, in massive double-walled ovens called "Bukharis". This event represents the introduction of the "Bukhari" cooking into the royal court.<ref name="Culinary Terms">{{cite web |title=Culinary Terms |url=https://www.indianetzone.com/1/culinary_terms.htm |website=indianetzone.com |accessdate=24 September 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1788 || Food || Company || {{w|EID Parry}} is founded. It specializes in {{w|sugar}} and {{w|distillery}}. It is one of the oldest companies in the world.<ref>{{cite book |title=Business India |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=jbtIAAAAYAAJ&q=1788++EID+Parry&dq=1788++EID+Parry&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpoKav4uTjAhUtILkGHWSrBr8Q6AEIKjAA}}</ref>
+
| 1788 || Food || Company || {{w|EID Parry}} is founded. It specializes in {{w|sugar}} and {{w|distillery}}. It is one of the oldest companies in the world.<ref>{{cite book |title=Business India |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=jbtIAAAAYAAJ&q=1788++EID+Parry&dq=1788++EID+Parry&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpoKav4uTjAhUtILkGHWSrBr8Q6AEIKjAA}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1800 || Food || Infrastructure || Some 800,000 hectares are irrigated in India.<ref name=acqastat14>[http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_regions/ind/index.stm India - History of Irrigation] FAO - United Nations (2014)</ref>  
+
| 1800 || Food || Infrastructure || Some 800,000 hectares are irrigated in India.<ref name=acqastat14>[http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_regions/ind/index.stm India - History of Irrigation] FAO - United Nations (2014)</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1820s || Food || Production || The {{w|British East India Company}} begins large-scale production of tea in {{w|Assam}}, of a tea variety traditionally brewed by the {{w|Singpho people}}.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The hot brew: the Assam tea industry's most turbulent decade, 1987–1997|last=Nitin Aant|first=Gokhale|publisher=Spectrum Publications|year=1998|isbn=978-81-85319-82-7|location=|pages=4}}</ref>
+
| 1820s || Food || Production || The {{w|British East India Company}} begins large-scale production of tea in {{w|Assam}}, of a tea variety traditionally brewed by the {{w|Singpho people}}.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The hot brew: the Assam tea industry's most turbulent decade, 1987–1997|last=Nitin Aant|first=Gokhale|publisher=Spectrum Publications|year=1998|isbn=978-81-85319-82-7|location=|pages=4}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1871 || Food || Organization || The {{w|Government of India}} creates the Department of Revenue, Agriculture and Commerce.<ref name="The british regime"/>
+
| 1822 || Food || Introduction || {{w|Cauliflower}} is first introduced in India, from {{w|England}} by the British.<ref>{{cite book|title=Vegetable Crops|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mTUBjSyo_UC&pg=PA209|date=1 January 2007|publisher=New India Publishing|isbn=978-81-89422-41-7|pages=209}}</ref> || [[File:Cauliflower.JPG|thumb|center|110px|{{w|Cauliflower}}]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1876–1878 || Nutrition || Crisis || The {{w|Great Famine of 1876–1878}} occurs after an intense drought results in crop failure in the {{w|Deccan Plateau}}.<ref name="Roy 2006 361">{{Harvnb|Roy|2006|p=361}}</ref> Affecting [[w:South India|south]] and [[w:West India|southwestern India]] (the British presidencies of [[w:Madras Presidency|Madras]] and [[w:Bombay Presidency|Bombay]], and the {{w|princely state}}s of [[w:Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]] and [[w:Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]]) for a period of two years, and spreading northward to some regions of the {{w|Central Provinces}} and the {{w|North-Western Provinces}}, and to a small area in the [[w:Punjab region|Punjab]].<ref name=igi-III-488>{{Harvnb|Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III|1907|p=488}}</ref>, the famine reaches an area of 257,000 km<sup>2</sup> and an estimated death toll to be in the range of 5.5 million people.<ref name=fieldhouse1996>{{Harvnb|Fieldhouse|1996|p=132}} Quote: "In the later nineteenth century, there was a series of disastrous crop failures in India leading not only to starvation but to epidemics. Most were regional, but the death toll could be huge. Thus, to take only some of the worst famines for which the death rate is known, some 800,000 died in the North West Provinces, Punjab, and Rajasthan in 1837&ndash;38; perhaps 2 million in the same region in 1860&ndash;61; nearly a million in different areas in 1866&ndash;67; 4.3 million in widely spread areas in 1876&ndash;78, an additional 1.2 million in the North West Provinces and Kashmir in 1877&ndash;78; and, worst of all, over 5 million in a famine that affected a large population of India in 1896&ndash;97. In 1899&ndash;1900 more than a million were thought to have died, conditions being worse because of the shortage of food following the famines only two years earlier. Thereafter the only major loss of life through famine was in 1943 under exceptional wartime conditions.(p. 132)"</ref>
+
| 1871 || Food || Organization || The {{w|Government of India}} creates the Department of Revenue, Agriculture and Commerce.<ref name="The british regime"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1880s || Nutrition || Infrastructure || The {{w|Indian Famine Codes}} are developed by the colonial British as {{w|famine scale}}s. Comprehensive and sophisticated by their time, they compare well with many relief systems drawn up a century later.<ref name="Famine Crimes: Politics & the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa">{{cite book |last1=De Waal |first1=Alexander |title=Famine Crimes: Politics & the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=IwZ1Xb-w45oC&pg=PA13&dq=1880s+Indian+Famine+Codes&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi4_d2XtOTjAhUJIbkGHfTaD-EQ6AEIKjAA#v=onepage&q=1880s%20Indian%20Famine%20Codes&f=false}}</ref>
+
| 1876–1878 || Nutrition || Crisis || The {{w|Great Famine of 1876–1878}} occurs after an intense drought results in crop failure in the {{w|Deccan Plateau}}.<ref name="Roy 2006 361">{{Harvnb|Roy|2006|p=361}}</ref> Affecting [[w:South India|south]] and [[w:West India|southwestern India]] (the British presidencies of [[w:Madras Presidency|Madras]] and [[w:Bombay Presidency|Bombay]], and the {{w|princely state}}s of [[w:Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]] and [[w:Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]]) for a period of two years, and spreading northward to some regions of the {{w|Central Provinces}} and the {{w|North-Western Provinces}}, and to a small area in the [[w:Punjab region|Punjab]].<ref name=igi-III-488>{{Harvnb|Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III|1907|p=488}}</ref>, the famine reaches an area of 257,000 km<sup>2</sup> and an estimated death toll to be in the range of 5.5 million people.<ref name=fieldhouse1996>{{Harvnb|Fieldhouse|1996|p=132}} Quote: "In the later nineteenth century, there was a series of disastrous crop failures in India leading not only to starvation but to epidemics. Most were regional, but the death toll could be huge. Thus, to take only some of the worst famines for which the death rate is known, some 800,000 died in the North West Provinces, Punjab, and Rajasthan in 1837&ndash;38; perhaps 2 million in the same region in 1860&ndash;61; nearly a million in different areas in 1866&ndash;67; 4.3 million in widely spread areas in 1876&ndash;78, an additional 1.2 million in the North West Provinces and Kashmir in 1877&ndash;78; and, worst of all, over 5 million in a famine that affected a large population of India in 1896&ndash;97. In 1899&ndash;1900 more than a million were thought to have died, conditions being worse because of the shortage of food following the famines only two years earlier. Thereafter the only major loss of life through famine was in 1943 under exceptional wartime conditions.(p. 132)"</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1892 || Food || Company || {{w|Britannia Industries}} is founded. It specializes in food products.<ref>{{cite book |last1=TROTT |first1=SANGEETA |last2=SOPLE |first2=VINOD V. |title=BRAND EQUITY: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=d9Z4CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA91&dq=1892++Britannia+Industries&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiMyfr65eTjAhWoHbkGHcjEDCUQ6AEIKjAA#v=onepage&q=1892%20%20Britannia%20Industries&f=false}}</ref>
+
| 1880s || Nutrition || Infrastructure || The {{w|Indian Famine Codes}} are developed by the colonial British as {{w|famine scale}}s. Comprehensive and sophisticated by their time, they compare well with many relief systems drawn up a century later.<ref name="Famine Crimes: Politics & the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa">{{cite book |last1=De Waal |first1=Alexander |title=Famine Crimes: Politics & the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=IwZ1Xb-w45oC&pg=PA13&dq=1880s+Indian+Famine+Codes&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi4_d2XtOTjAhUJIbkGHfTaD-EQ6AEIKjAA#v=onepage&q=1880s%20Indian%20Famine%20Codes&f=false}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1896 || Nutrition || Policy || The {{w|Indian National Congress}} passes two resolutions linking poverty and hunger to the burdens of British rule, and urge the government to go further in saving lives in famine.<ref name="Famine Crimes: Politics & the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa"/>
+
| 1892 || Food || Company || {{w|Britannia Industries}} is founded. It specializes in food products.<ref>{{cite book |last1=TROTT |first1=SANGEETA |last2=SOPLE |first2=VINOD V. |title=BRAND EQUITY: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=d9Z4CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA91&dq=1892++Britannia+Industries&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiMyfr65eTjAhWoHbkGHcjEDCUQ6AEIKjAA#v=onepage&q=1892%20%20Britannia%20Industries&f=false}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1929 || Food || Company || {{w|Parle Products}} is founded. It specializes in food.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parle |url=http://www.parleproducts.com/timeline |website=parleproducts.com |accessdate=2 August 2019}}</ref>
+
| 1896 || Nutrition || Policy || The {{w|Indian National Congress}} passes two resolutions linking poverty and hunger to the burdens of British rule, and urge the government to go further in saving lives in famine.<ref name="Famine Crimes: Politics & the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1936 || Nutrition || Program launch || The [[w:National Planning Committee|Planning Commission (India)]] defines goals to alleviate poverty by setting targets in terms of nutrition (2400 to 2800 calories per adult worker), clothing (30 yards per capita per annum) and housing (100 sq. ft per capita).<ref name=pcomindia>{{cite web|url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/surya.pdf|title=Nutritional Norms for Poverty: Issues and Implications|author=M.H. Suryanarayana|publisher=Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research|accessdate=1 July 2019}}</ref>
+
| 1929 || Food || Company || {{w|Parle Products}} is founded. It specializes in food.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parle |url=http://www.parleproducts.com/timeline |website=parleproducts.com |accessdate=2 August 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1940s || Food || Production || The Grow More Food Campaign launches as a special program initiative.<ref name="Economic Environment of Business and Environmental Management"/>
+
| 1936 || Nutrition || Program launch || The [[w:National Planning Committee|Planning Commission (India)]] defines goals to alleviate poverty by setting targets in terms of nutrition (2400 to 2800 calories per adult worker), clothing (30 yards per capita per annum) and housing (100 sq. ft per capita).<ref name=pcomindia>{{cite web|url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/surya.pdf|title=Nutritional Norms for Poverty: Issues and Implications|author=M.H. Suryanarayana|publisher=Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research|accessdate=1 July 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1943 || Nutrition || Crisis || The {{w|Bengal famine of 1943}} breaks out, leaving a death toll at about 1.5 million. It is considered one of the world's worst food disasters.<ref name="50 Years of Food in India"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sen |first1=Amartya |title=Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=FVC9eqGkMr8C&pg=PA52&dq=Bengal+famine+of+1943+toll&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQrs-7kPvjAhX9HLkGHUE8BWcQ6AEIPDAD#v=onepage&q=Bengal%20famine%20of%201943%20toll&f=false}}</ref>
+
| 1940s || Food || Production || The Grow More Food Campaign launches as a special program initiative.<ref name="Economic Environment of Business and Environmental Management"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1946 || Food || Company || {{w|Amul}} is founded. It specializes in {{w|dairy}} products.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Paul |first1=Samuel |title=Managing Development Programs: The Lessons Of Success |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=KiqNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT30&dq=1946++amul+is+founded&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjdwoPS6eTjAhXYIbkGHXLzBEMQ6AEINjAC#v=onepage&q=1946%20%20amul%20is%20founded&f=false}}</ref>
+
| 1943 || Nutrition || Crisis || The {{w|Bengal famine of 1943}} breaks out, leaving a death toll at about 1.5 million. It is considered one of the world's worst food disasters.<ref name="50 Years of Food in India"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sen |first1=Amartya |title=Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=FVC9eqGkMr8C&pg=PA52&dq=Bengal+famine+of+1943+toll&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQrs-7kPvjAhX9HLkGHUE8BWcQ6AEIPDAD#v=onepage&q=Bengal%20famine%20of%201943%20toll&f=false}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1947 || || || India becomes an independent country.<ref name="Handbook on the Globalisation of Agriculture"/> Partition of the country leaves India with 82% of the total population of undivided India but only 75% of the cereal production. The surplus province of {{w|Punjab}} is partitioned and {{w|West Punjab}}, which has a well-established network of irrigation canals, goes to {{w|Pakistan}}, as well as {{w|Sindh}}, also a surplus province.<ref name="Historical perspective of food management in India">{{cite web |title=Historical perspective of food management in India |url=http://www.fao.org/3/x0172e/x0172e03.htm |website=fao.org |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref>
+
| 1946 || Food || Company || {{w|Amul}} is founded. It specializes in {{w|dairy}} products.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Paul |first1=Samuel |title=Managing Development Programs: The Lessons Of Success |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=KiqNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT30&dq=1946++amul+is+founded&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjdwoPS6eTjAhXYIbkGHXLzBEMQ6AEINjAC#v=onepage&q=1946%20%20amul%20is%20founded&f=false}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1947 || Food || Policy || The Foodgrains Policy Commission is followed by a number of Commissions which examine the food policy from time-to-time.<ref name="Historical perspective of food management in India"/>
+
| 1947 || || || India becomes an independent country.<ref name="Handbook on the Globalisation of Agriculture"/> Partition of the country leaves India with 82% of the total population of undivided India but only 75% of the cereal production. The surplus province of {{w|Punjab}} is partitioned and {{w|West Punjab}}, which has a well-established network of irrigation canals, goes to {{w|Pakistan}}, as well as {{w|Sindh}}, also a surplus province.<ref name="Historical perspective of food management in India">{{cite web |title=Historical perspective of food management in India |url=http://www.fao.org/3/x0172e/x0172e03.htm |website=fao.org |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1947–1948 || Food || Policy || The food policy of independent India is examined by a Foodgrains Policy Commission, and concludes that imports are necessary to enable maintenance of central reserves to guard against crop failures and such reserve could be of the tune of two million tons. A rationing system, introduced during the {{w|World War II}}, is recomended as also the need to import foodgrains.<ref name="Historical perspective of food management in India"/>
+
| 1947 || Food || Preparation method || Punjabi refugees bring Tandoori style of cooking to {{w|Delhi}}. Since then, the {{w|Punjabi tandoori cooking}} would start becoming popular throughout India.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Tandoor Oven Brings India’s Heat to the Backyard |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/11/dining/a-tandoor-oven-brings-indias-heat-to-the-backyard.html |website=nytimes.com |accessdate=20 September 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1948–1975 || Food || Production || The average output per hectare of an Indian wheat increases from 0.8 tons to 4.7 tons of {{w|wheat}} in the period.<ref name="How Agriculture 2.0 will transform India?"/>
+
| 1947 || Food || Policy || The Foodgrains Policy Commission is followed by a number of Commissions which examine the food policy from time-to-time.<ref name="Historical perspective of food management in India"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1949 || Food || Policy || The Foodgrains Investigation Commission once again stresses self sufficiency.<ref name="Historical perspective of food management in India"/>
+
| 1947–1948 || Food || Policy || The food policy of independent India is examined by a Foodgrains Policy Commission, and concludes that imports are necessary to enable maintenance of central reserves to guard against crop failures and such reserve could be of the tune of two million tons. A rationing system, introduced during the {{w|World War II}}, is recomended as also the need to import foodgrains.<ref name="Historical perspective of food management in India"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1950s || Food || Production || The Integrated Production Programme launches, focusing on cash crops.<ref name="Economic Environment of Business and Environmental Management">{{cite book |title=Economic Environment of Business and Environmental Management |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=hYkrQI8XGvAC&pg=SA1-PA2&lpg=SA1-PA2&dq=Integrated+Production+Programme+(1950s&source=bl&ots=yP_034KOzA&sig=ACfU3U0uN-D180gYHvdT-xDkYuKAvIQq_Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQpvSikOfjAhVDK7kGHb_SACkQ6AEwFHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=Integrated%20Production%20Programme%20(1950s&f=false}}</ref>
+
| 1948–1975 || Food || Production || The average output per hectare of an Indian wheat increases from 0.8 tons to 4.7 tons of {{w|wheat}} in the period.<ref name="How Agriculture 2.0 will transform India?"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1950 || Food || Policy || The Foodgrains Procurement Commission stresses on maintaining a reasonable level of foodgrains prices to ensure adequate supplies to consumers.<ref name="Historical perspective of food management in India"/>
+
| 1949 || Food || Policy || The Foodgrains Investigation Commission once again stresses self sufficiency.<ref name="Historical perspective of food management in India"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1950–1951 || Food || Production || A reported 50 million tons of food grain are produced in the country.<ref name="Nutrition And Food Security">{{cite web |title=Nutrition And Food Security |url=https://in.one.un.org/un-priority-areas-in-india/nutrition-and-food-security/ |website=in.one.un.org |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref>
+
| 1950s || Food || Production || The Integrated Production Programme launches, focusing on cash crops.<ref name="Economic Environment of Business and Environmental Management">{{cite book |title=Economic Environment of Business and Environmental Management |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=hYkrQI8XGvAC&pg=SA1-PA2&lpg=SA1-PA2&dq=Integrated+Production+Programme+(1950s&source=bl&ots=yP_034KOzA&sig=ACfU3U0uN-D180gYHvdT-xDkYuKAvIQq_Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQpvSikOfjAhVDK7kGHb_SACkQ6AEwFHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=Integrated%20Production%20Programme%20(1950s&f=false}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1951 || Food || Infrastructure || India's irrigation potential reaches 22.6 million hectares.<ref name="IRRIGATION IN INDIA">{{cite web |title=IRRIGATION IN INDIA |url=http://www.fao.org/3/y5082e/y5082e08.htm |website=fao.org |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref>
+
| 1950 || Food || Policy || The Foodgrains Procurement Commission stresses on maintaining a reasonable level of foodgrains prices to ensure adequate supplies to consumers.<ref name="Historical perspective of food management in India"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1951 || Food || Production || India embarks on the path of planned economic development and launches the first Five Year Plan, giving highest priority to agriculture. In this year, the total foodgrain production is just 51 million tons.<ref name="Historical perspective of food management in India"/>
+
| 1950–1951 || Food || Production || A reported 50 million tons of food grain are produced in the country.<ref name="Nutrition And Food Security">{{cite web |title=Nutrition And Food Security |url=https://in.one.un.org/un-priority-areas-in-india/nutrition-and-food-security/ |website=in.one.un.org |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1951 || Nutrition || Intake || Per capita availability of cereals is recorded at 334 grams per day.<ref name="agriculture"/>
+
| 1951 || Food || Infrastructure || India's irrigation potential reaches 22.6 million hectares.<ref name="IRRIGATION IN INDIA">{{cite web |title=IRRIGATION IN INDIA |url=http://www.fao.org/3/y5082e/y5082e08.htm |website=fao.org |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1955 || Food || Infrastructure || The [[w:Konar Dam|Konar Project]] and the [[w:Bhavanisagar dam|Lower Bhawani Project]] are completed as major irrigation projects during the First Five Year Plan.<ref name="TECHNICAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE"/>
+
| 1951 || Food || Production || India embarks on the path of planned economic development and launches the first Five Year Plan, giving highest priority to agriculture. In this year, the total foodgrain production is just 51 million tons.<ref name="Historical perspective of food management in India"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1956 || Food || Infrastructure || The [[w:Tungabhadra Dam|Tungabhadra Project]] and the {{w|Hirakud Dam}} project are completed as major irrigation projects during the First Five Year Plan.<ref name="TECHNICAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE">{{cite web |title=TECHNICAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE, 1952–2000 |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/technical-change-agriculture-1952-2000 |website=encyclopedia.com |accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref>
+
| 1951 || Nutrition || Intake || Per capita availability of cereals is recorded at 334 grams per day.<ref name="agriculture"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1957 || Food || Infrastructure || The [[w:Maithon Dam|Maithon Project]] is completed as a major irrigation project during the First Five Year Plan.<ref name="TECHNICAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE"/>
+
| 1955 || Food || Infrastructure || The [[w:Konar Dam|Konar Project]] and the [[w:Bhavanisagar dam|Lower Bhawani Project]] are completed as major irrigation projects during the First Five Year Plan.<ref name="TECHNICAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1957 || Food || Organization || Forced by a decline in production, the Indian Government establishes the Foodgrains Enquiry Committee under the eminent economist Ashok Mehta.<ref name="Historical perspective of food management in India"/>
+
| 1956 || Food || Infrastructure || The [[w:Tungabhadra Dam|Tungabhadra Project]] and the {{w|Hirakud Dam}} project are completed as major irrigation projects during the First Five Year Plan.<ref name="TECHNICAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE">{{cite web |title=TECHNICAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE, 1952–2000 |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/technical-change-agriculture-1952-2000 |website=encyclopedia.com |accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1958 || Food || Organization || The {{w|Price Increase and Famine Resistance Committee}} is formed a mass movement in {{w|West Bengal}} by the Communist Party of India and other Left groups, in response to the food crisis at the time.<ref>{{cite web |title=Satyajit Ray was not apolitical, says Aparna Sen |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/satyajit-ray-was-not-apolitical-says-aparna-sen-117043000162_1.html |website=business-standard.com |accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref>
+
| 1957 || Food || Infrastructure || The [[w:Maithon Dam|Maithon Project]] is completed as a major irrigation project during the First Five Year Plan.<ref name="TECHNICAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1960 || Food || Infrastructure || [[w:Gandhi Sagar Dam|Gandhi Sagar Project]] is completed as a major irrigation project during the First Five Year Plan.<ref name="TECHNICAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE"/>
+
| 1957 || Food || Organization || Forced by a decline in production, the Indian Government establishes the Foodgrains Enquiry Committee under the eminent economist Ashok Mehta.<ref name="Historical perspective of food management in India"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1960s || Food || Production || The {{w|Green Revolution in India}} begins, as the country faces a food shortage.<ref name="Handbook on the Globalisation of Agriculture">{{cite book |last1=Robinson |first1=Guy M. |last2=Carson |first2=Doris A. |title=Handbook on the Globalisation of Agriculture |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=GOfECQAAQBAJ&pg=PA245&dq=1960s++Green+Revolution+in+India&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi92Juh6-TjAhXLDrkGHQpVABMQ6AEIVDAH#v=onepage&q=1960s%20%20Green%20Revolution%20in%20India&f=false}}</ref>
+
| 1958 || Food || Organization || The {{w|Price Increase and Famine Resistance Committee}} is formed a mass movement in {{w|West Bengal}} by the Communist Party of India and other Left groups, in response to the food crisis at the time.<ref>{{cite web |title=Satyajit Ray was not apolitical, says Aparna Sen |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/satyajit-ray-was-not-apolitical-says-aparna-sen-117043000162_1.html |website=business-standard.com |accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1961 || Nutrition || Intake || The average Indian daily calorie intake is reported to be 2,010. It consists of 43% grains (378g), 23% produce (199g), 12% dairy & eggs (108g), 12% sugar and fat (108g), 2% meat (17g) and 8% as other (68g).<ref name="50 Years of Food in India">{{cite web |title=50 Years of Food in India: Changing Eating Habits of a Rapidly Changing Nation (of Foodies)! |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/98604/india-eating-habits-food-50-years-culture/ |website=thebetterindia.com |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref>
+
| 1960 || Food || Infrastructure || [[w:Gandhi Sagar Dam|Gandhi Sagar Project]] is completed as a major irrigation project during the First Five Year Plan.<ref name="TECHNICAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1963 || Food || Production || {{w|Norman Borlaug}}, the principal scientist of the {{w|Green Revolution}}, is deputed to India to establish a program to adapt hybrid wheat varieties from the {{w|International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center}}, {{w|Mexico}}, to Indian conditions.<ref name="Handbook on the Globalisation of Agriculture"/>
+
| 1961 || Nutrition || Intake || The average Indian daily calorie intake is reported to be 2,010. It consists of 43% grains (378g), 23% produce (199g), 12% dairy & eggs (108g), 12% sugar and fat (108g), 2% meat (17g) and 8% as other (68g).<ref name="50 Years of Food in India">{{cite web |title=50 Years of Food in India: Changing Eating Habits of a Rapidly Changing Nation (of Foodies)! |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/98604/india-eating-habits-food-50-years-culture/ |website=thebetterindia.com |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1965 || Food || Organization || The {{w|National Dairy Development Board}} is established under the auspices of Operation Flood at [[w:Anand, Gujarat|Anand]], in {{w|Gujarat}}, to promote, plan, and organize dairy development through cooperatives; to provide consultations; and to set up dairy plants, which were then turned over to the cooperatives.<ref name="Livestock and Poultry"/>
+
| 1963 || Food || Production || {{w|Norman Borlaug}}, the principal scientist of the {{w|Green Revolution}}, is deputed to India to establish a program to adapt hybrid wheat varieties from the {{w|International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center}}, {{w|Mexico}}, to Indian conditions.<ref name="Handbook on the Globalisation of Agriculture"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1965 || Food || Organization || The Food Corporation of India is established as the public sector marketing agency responsible for implementing government price policy through procurement and public distribution operations.<ref name="Historical perspective of food management in India"/><ref name="The Pearson General Studies Manual 2009, 1/e">{{cite book |last1=Thorpe |first1=Edgar |last2=Thorpe |first2=Showick |title=The Pearson General Studies Manual 2009, 1/e |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=oAo1X2eagywC&pg=RA1-PA212&lpg=RA1-PA212&dq=In+FY+1992,+India+had+approximately+25+percent+of+the+world%27s+cattle,+with+a+collective+herd+of+193+million+head.+India+also+had+110+million+goats,+75+million+water+buffaloes,+44+million+sheep,+and+10+million+pigs&source=bl&ots=-zF5G1lWZe&sig=ACfU3U1_F-4GYptnMcBmROJ0lCuSjbiODA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjasNTQ5ubjAhW1HbkGHYcADJUQ6AEwCXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=In%20FY%201992%2C%20India%20had%20approximately%2025%20percent%20of%20the%20world's%20cattle%2C%20with%20a%20collective%20herd%20of%20193%20million%20head.%20India%20also%20had%20110%20million%20goats%2C%2075%20million%20water%20buffaloes%2C%2044%20million%20sheep%2C%20and%2010%20million%20pigs&f=false}}</ref>
+
| 1965 || Food || Organization || The {{w|National Dairy Development Board}} is established under the auspices of Operation Flood at [[w:Anand, Gujarat|Anand]], in {{w|Gujarat}}, to promote, plan, and organize dairy development through cooperatives; to provide consultations; and to set up dairy plants, which were then turned over to the cooperatives.<ref name="Livestock and Poultry"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1965–1966 || Food || Policy || India suffers two years of severe drought. This would convince the {{w|Indian Government}} to reform its agricultural policy and that they could not rely on foreign aid and imports for food security. Further significant policy reforms would be adopted, focusing on the goal of food grain self-sufficiency, and ushering India’s {{w|Green Revolution}}.<ref name="How Agriculture 2.0 will transform India?">{{cite web |title=How Agriculture 2.0 will transform India? |url=https://medium.com/@krusibel/how-agriculture-2-0-will-transform-india-9c69f0716e48 |website=medium.com |accessdate=2 August 2019}}</ref>  
+
| 1965 || Food || Organization || The Food Corporation of India is established as the public sector marketing agency responsible for implementing government price policy through procurement and public distribution operations.<ref name="Historical perspective of food management in India"/><ref name="The Pearson General Studies Manual 2009, 1/e">{{cite book |last1=Thorpe |first1=Edgar |last2=Thorpe |first2=Showick |title=The Pearson General Studies Manual 2009, 1/e |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=oAo1X2eagywC&pg=RA1-PA212&lpg=RA1-PA212&dq=In+FY+1992,+India+had+approximately+25+percent+of+the+world%27s+cattle,+with+a+collective+herd+of+193+million+head.+India+also+had+110+million+goats,+75+million+water+buffaloes,+44+million+sheep,+and+10+million+pigs&source=bl&ots=-zF5G1lWZe&sig=ACfU3U1_F-4GYptnMcBmROJ0lCuSjbiODA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjasNTQ5ubjAhW1HbkGHYcADJUQ6AEwCXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=In%20FY%201992%2C%20India%20had%20approximately%2025%20percent%20of%20the%20world's%20cattle%2C%20with%20a%20collective%20herd%20of%20193%20million%20head.%20India%20also%20had%20110%20million%20goats%2C%2075%20million%20water%20buffaloes%2C%2044%20million%20sheep%2C%20and%2010%20million%20pigs&f=false}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1965–1980 || Food || Production || Wheat production in India nearly triples in this period while rice production increases 60 percent with the new strains and new methods.<ref>{{cite web |title=Food Production, History Of |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/food/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/food-production-history |website=encyclopedia.com |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref>  
+
| 1965–1966 || Food || Policy || India suffers two years of severe drought. This would convince the {{w|Indian Government}} to reform its agricultural policy and that they could not rely on foreign aid and imports for food security. Further significant policy reforms would be adopted, focusing on the goal of food grain self-sufficiency, and ushering India’s {{w|Green Revolution}}.<ref name="How Agriculture 2.0 will transform India?">{{cite web |title=How Agriculture 2.0 will transform India? |url=https://medium.com/@krusibel/how-agriculture-2-0-will-transform-india-9c69f0716e48 |website=medium.com |accessdate=2 August 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1970 || Food || Program launch || The {{w|Operation Flood}} launches as a project of India's {{w|National Dairy Development Board (NDDB)}}. The world's biggest dairy development program, it would transform India from a milk-deficient nation into the world's largest milk producer, surpassing the United States in 1998.<ref name="hindustant">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Ahmedabad/India-largest-milk-producing-nation-in-2010-11-NDDB/Article1-785018.aspx |title=India largest milk producing nation in 2010-11: NDDB |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=2011-12-20 |accessdate=2012-09-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006163514/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Ahmedabad/India-largest-milk-producing-nation-in-2010-11-NDDB/Article1-785018.aspx |archivedate=2012-10-06 |df= }}</ref><ref name="Katar">{{cite book |author1=Katar Singh|isbn=81-7036-773-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-wXsRWxpjPAC&pg=PA201&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4 |title=Rural Development: Principles, Policies and Management |accessdate=24 April 2017}}</ref> Initially, the Phase 1 covers wight rural districts and later on extends to 27 districts with a participation of 1.4 million rural families.<ref name="Dairy Development In India">{{cite book |last1=Venkatasubramanian |first1=V. |last2=Singh |first2=A.K. |last3=Rao |first3=S. V. N. |title=Dairy Development In India: An Appraisal Of Challenges And Achievements |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=pf7bxJV8VQsC&pg=PA21&dq=Operation+Flood&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjK4eaSv-TjAhXBIbkGHWwdAQQQ6AEINTAC#v=onepage&q=Operation%20Flood&f=false}}</ref>
+
| 1965–1980 || Food || Production || Wheat production in India nearly triples in this period while rice production increases 60 percent with the new strains and new methods.<ref>{{cite web |title=Food Production, History Of |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/food/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/food-production-history |website=encyclopedia.com |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1978 || Food || || The Indian Council of Medical Research laids down a balanced diet essentially matching the ''{{w|Arthasastra}}'' of {{w|Kautilya}} writen in 300 BC.<ref name="The Story of Our Food"/>
+
| 1969 || Food || Introduction || {{w|Sunflower}} as an oilseed crop is introduced in India.<ref>{{cite web |title=An overview of sunflower in India |url=https://www.krishisewa.com/articles/miscellaneous/284-sunflower.html |website=krishisewa.com |accessdate=24 September 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1981 || Food || Workforce || There are 195.1 million rural workers in the country: 55.4 million are agricultural laborers who depend primarily on casual farm work for a livelihood.<ref name="agriculture"/>
+
| 1970 || Food || Program launch || The {{w|Operation Flood}} launches as a project of India's {{w|National Dairy Development Board (NDDB)}}. The world's biggest dairy development program, it would transform India from a milk-deficient nation into the world's largest milk producer, surpassing the United States in 1998.<ref name="hindustant">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Ahmedabad/India-largest-milk-producing-nation-in-2010-11-NDDB/Article1-785018.aspx |title=India largest milk producing nation in 2010-11: NDDB |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=2011-12-20 |accessdate=2012-09-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006163514/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Ahmedabad/India-largest-milk-producing-nation-in-2010-11-NDDB/Article1-785018.aspx |archivedate=2012-10-06 |df= }}</ref><ref name="Katar">{{cite book |author1=Katar Singh|isbn=81-7036-773-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-wXsRWxpjPAC&pg=PA201&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4 |title=Rural Development: Principles, Policies and Management |accessdate=24 April 2017}}</ref> Initially, the Phase 1 covers wight rural districts and later on extends to 27 districts with a participation of 1.4 million rural families.<ref name="Dairy Development In India">{{cite book |last1=Venkatasubramanian |first1=V. |last2=Singh |first2=A.K. |last3=Rao |first3=S. V. N. |title=Dairy Development In India: An Appraisal Of Challenges And Achievements |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=pf7bxJV8VQsC&pg=PA21&dq=Operation+Flood&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjK4eaSv-TjAhXBIbkGHWwdAQQQ6AEINTAC#v=onepage&q=Operation%20Flood&f=false}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1985 || Food || Company || {{w|Bonn Group of Industries}} is founded. It specializes in baked goods.<ref>{{cite web |last1= |first1= |title=From Here To Eternity |url=http://www.bonn.in/history |website=bonn.in |accessdate=2 August 2019}}</ref>
+
| 1978 || Food || Program launch || The Indian Council of Medical Research laids down a balanced diet essentially matching the ''{{w|Arthasastra}}'' of {{w|Kautilya}} writen in 300 BC.<ref name="The Story of Our Food"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1987 || Food || Production || Field crops are planted on about 45 percent of the total land mass of India. Almost 37 million hectares are double-cropped, making the gross sown area equivalent to almost 173 million hectares. About 15 million hectares are permanent pastureland or are planted in various tree crops and groves. Approximately 108 million hectares are either developed for nonagricultural uses, forested, or unsuited for agriculture because of topography. The remaining land, About 29.6 million hectares, are classified as cultivable but fallow, and 15.6 million hectares are classified as cultivable wasteland.<ref name="agriculture"/>  
+
| 1981 || Food || Workforce || There are 195.1 million rural workers in the country: 55.4 million are agricultural laborers who depend primarily on casual farm work for a livelihood.<ref name="agriculture"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1989 || Food || Production || The gross value of output from animal husbandry in India is Rs358 billion in the fiscal year, an amount that constitutes about 25 percent of the total agricultural output of Rs1.4 trillion.<ref name="Livestock and Poultry"/>
+
| 1985 || Food || Company || {{w|Bonn Group of Industries}} is founded. It specializes in baked goods.<ref>{{cite web |last1= |first1= |title=From Here To Eternity |url=http://www.bonn.in/history |website=bonn.in |accessdate=2 August 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1990–2000 || Nutrition || Statistics || The number of people undernourished in India drops from 210 million to 177 million in the period.<ref name="50 Years of Food in India"/>
+
| 1987 || Food || Production || Field crops are planted on about 45 percent of the total land mass of India. Almost 37 million hectares are double-cropped, making the gross sown area equivalent to almost 173 million hectares. About 15 million hectares are permanent pastureland or are planted in various tree crops and groves. Approximately 108 million hectares are either developed for nonagricultural uses, forested, or unsuited for agriculture because of topography. The remaining land, About 29.6 million hectares, are classified as cultivable but fallow, and 15.6 million hectares are classified as cultivable wasteland.<ref name="agriculture"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1990–2015 || Nutrition || Intake || The average daily protein consumption rises from 55g per day to 59g per day in the period, with the protein from animal consumption increasing from 9g per day to 12g. The share of dietary energy supplied from cereals and roots decreases from an average of 66g per day to 59g.<ref name="50 Years of Food in India"/>
+
| 1989 || Food || Production || The gross value of output from animal husbandry in India is Rs358 billion in the fiscal year, an amount that constitutes about 25 percent of the total agricultural output of Rs1.4 trillion.<ref name="Livestock and Poultry"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1990 || Food || Dairy production || Milk production is estimated to have reached 53.5 million tons, and egg production reaches a level of 23.3 billion eggs.<ref name="Livestock and Poultry"/>  
+
| 1990–2000 || Nutrition || Statistics || The number of people undernourished in India drops from 210 million to 177 million in the period.<ref name="50 Years of Food in India"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1990 || Nutrition || Intake || Per capita availability of cereals reaches 470 grams per day, up from 334 grams in 1951.<ref name="agriculture"/>
+
| 1990–2015 || Nutrition || Intake || The average daily protein consumption rises from 55g per day to 59g per day in the period, with the protein from animal consumption increasing from 9g per day to 12g. The share of dietary energy supplied from cereals and roots decreases from an average of 66g per day to 59g.<ref name="50 Years of Food in India"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1990 || Food || Production || Approximately 127.5 million hectares are sown with food grains, about 75 percent of the total planted area, during the fiscal year. An increase of 31 percent of the total number of hectares is calculated over the forty-year period from FY 1950 to FY 1990.<ref name="Crops"/>  
+
| 1990 || Food || Dairy production || Milk production is estimated to have reached 53.5 million tons, and egg production reaches a level of 23.3 billion eggs.<ref name="Livestock and Poultry"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1990s || Food || Exports || Agricultural exports grow at well over 10.1% annually through the decade.<ref name=gulati15>Gulati, 15</ref>
+
| 1990 || Nutrition || Intake || Per capita availability of cereals reaches 470 grams per day, up from 334 grams in 1951.<ref name="agriculture"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Early 1990s || Food || Dairy production || More than 63,000 Anand-style dairy cooperative societies are counted in India, with some 7.5 million members.<ref name="Livestock and Poultry"/>
+
| 1990 || Food || Production || Approximately 127.5 million hectares are sown with food grains, about 75 percent of the total planted area, during the fiscal year. An increase of 31 percent of the total number of hectares is calculated over the forty-year period from FY 1950 to FY 1990.<ref name="Crops"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Early 1990s || || Workforce || The rural workforce grows to 242 million, of whom 73.7 million are classified as agricultural laborers. Approximately 33 percent of the employed rural workers are classified as casual wage laborers.<ref name="agriculture"/>
+
| 1990s || Food || Exports || Agricultural exports grow at well over 10.1% annually through the decade.<ref name=gulati15>Gulati, 15</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1992 || Food || Livestock production || India has approximately 25 percent of the world's {{w|cattle}}, with 193 million heads. There are also 110 million goats, 75 million water buffaloes, 44 million sheeps, and 10 million pigs.<ref name="Livestock and Poultry">{{cite web |title=Livestock and Poultry |url=http://countrystudies.us/india/105.htm |website=countrystudies.us |accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref>
+
| Early 1990s || Food || Dairy production || More than 63,000 Anand-style dairy cooperative societies are counted in India, with some 7.5 million members.<ref name="Livestock and Poultry"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1993 || Food || Industry || India stands as the largest producer of sugar worldwide, harvesting 12 million tons in the year, followed by Brazil's 9 million tons and China's 7 million tons.<ref name="Crops">{{cite web |title=Crops |url=http://countrystudies.us/india/103.htm |website=countrystudies.us |accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref>
+
| Early 1990s || || Workforce || The rural workforce grows to 242 million, of whom 73.7 million are classified as agricultural laborers. Approximately 33 percent of the employed rural workers are classified as casual wage laborers.<ref name="agriculture"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1993 || Food || Production || The value of fish and processed fish exports reaches 3.6 percent in the fiscal year, increasing from less than 1 percent of the total value of exports in FY 1960.<ref name="Fishing">{{cite web |title=Fishing |url=http://countrystudies.us/india/107.htm |website=countrystudies.us |accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref>  
+
| 1992 || Food || Livestock production || India has approximately 25 percent of the world's {{w|cattle}}, with 193 million heads. There are also 110 million goats, 75 million water buffaloes, 44 million sheeps, and 10 million pigs.<ref name="Livestock and Poultry">{{cite web |title=Livestock and Poultry |url=http://countrystudies.us/india/105.htm |website=countrystudies.us |accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1993–1994 || Food || Production || The total foodgrain production reaches 180 million tons, a 253% increase within four decades.<ref name="Historical perspective of food management in India"/>
+
| 1993 || Food || Industry || India stands as the largest producer of sugar worldwide, harvesting 12 million tons in the year, followed by Brazil's 9 million tons and China's 7 million tons.<ref name="Crops">{{cite web |title=Crops |url=http://countrystudies.us/india/103.htm |website=countrystudies.us |accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1995 || Nutrition || Program launch || The Indian government starts midday meal scheme, serving millions of children with fresh cooked meals in almost all the government run schools or schools aided by the government fund.<ref name="Review Article Open Access A Comparative Study of Nutritional Status in Government vs. Private School Children">{{cite web |title=Review Article Open Access A Comparative Study of Nutritional Status in Government vs. Private School Children |url=https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/a-comparative-study-of-nutritional-status-in-government-vs-private-schoolchildren-2161-0711-1000471.php?aid=81370&view=mobile |website=omicsonline.org |accessdate=8 August 2019}}</ref>  
+
| 1993 || Food || Production || The value of fish and processed fish exports reaches 3.6 percent in the fiscal year, increasing from less than 1 percent of the total value of exports in FY 1960.<ref name="Fishing">{{cite web |title=Fishing |url=http://countrystudies.us/india/107.htm |website=countrystudies.us |accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1995 || Food || Infrastructure || India’s irrigation potential reaches about 90 million hectares at the end of the year.<ref name="IRRIGATION IN INDIA"/>  
+
| 1993–1994 || Food || Production || The total foodgrain production reaches 180 million tons, a 253% increase within four decades.<ref name="Historical perspective of food management in India"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1997 || Food || Company || {{w|Organic India}} is founded. It specializes in {{w|organic food}}s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fabindia acquires a 40% stake in Organic India |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/fabindia-acquires-a-40-stake-in-organic-india/articleshow/18823553.cms?from=mdr |website=economictimes.indiatimes.com |accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref>
+
| 1995 || Nutrition || Program launch || The Indian government starts midday meal scheme, serving millions of children with fresh cooked meals in almost all the government run schools or schools aided by the government fund.<ref name="Review Article Open Access A Comparative Study of Nutritional Status in Government vs. Private School Children">{{cite web |title=Review Article Open Access A Comparative Study of Nutritional Status in Government vs. Private School Children |url=https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/a-comparative-study-of-nutritional-status-in-government-vs-private-schoolchildren-2161-0711-1000471.php?aid=81370&view=mobile |website=omicsonline.org |accessdate=8 August 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1998 || Food || Production || India becomes the world's largest milk producer, surpassing the {{w|United States}}.<ref name="hindustant">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Ahmedabad/India-largest-milk-producing-nation-in-2010-11-NDDB/Article1-785018.aspx |title=India largest milk producing nation in 2010-11: NDDB |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=2011-12-20 |accessdate=2012-09-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006163514/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Ahmedabad/India-largest-milk-producing-nation-in-2010-11-NDDB/Article1-785018.aspx |archivedate=2012-10-06 |df= }}</ref>
+
| 1995 || Food || Infrastructure || India’s irrigation potential reaches about 90 million hectares at the end of the year.<ref name="IRRIGATION IN INDIA"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2000 || Food || Production || Indian farms adopt wheat varieties capable of yielding 6 tons of wheat per hectare.<ref name=fao1a>{{cite web|title=Rapid growth of select Asian economies|year=2009|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/ag087e/AG087E05.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Brief history of wheat improvement in India|year=2011|publisher=Directorate of Wheat Research, ICAR India|url=http://www.dwr.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1&Itemid=116}}</ref>
+
| 1997 || Food || Company || {{w|Organic India}} is founded. It specializes in {{w|organic food}}s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fabindia acquires a 40% stake in Organic India |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/fabindia-acquires-a-40-stake-in-organic-india/articleshow/18823553.cms?from=mdr |website=economictimes.indiatimes.com |accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2003 || Food || Company || {{w|Suminter India Organics}} is founded. It specializes in organic products.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sameer Mehra |url=https://events.vccircle.com/content/sameer-mehra |website=events.vccircle.com |accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref>
+
| 1998 || Food || Production || India becomes the world's largest milk producer, surpassing the {{w|United States}}.<ref name="hindustant">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Ahmedabad/India-largest-milk-producing-nation-in-2010-11-NDDB/Article1-785018.aspx |title=India largest milk producing nation in 2010-11: NDDB |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=2011-12-20 |accessdate=2012-09-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006163514/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Ahmedabad/India-largest-milk-producing-nation-in-2010-11-NDDB/Article1-785018.aspx |archivedate=2012-10-06 |df= }}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2004–2006 || Nutrition || Statistics || The number of people undernourished in India fluctuates, dropping from 210 million to 177 million between 1990 and 2000 before dramatically increasing between the years 2004-2006 where the recorded number of undernourished people rises from 177 million to almost 240 million in the space of just 5 years.<ref name="50 Years of Food in India"/>  
+
| 2000 || Food || Production || Indian farms adopt wheat varieties capable of yielding 6 tons of wheat per hectare.<ref name=fao1a>{{cite web|title=Rapid growth of select Asian economies|year=2009|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/ag087e/AG087E05.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Brief history of wheat improvement in India|year=2011|publisher=Directorate of Wheat Research, ICAR India|url=http://www.dwr.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1&Itemid=116}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2005 || Nutrition || Statistics || An estimated 40% of women in rural areas, and 36% of women in urban areas are found to have mild anaemia.<ref name="NFHS-3 adult">{{cite web |url= http://hetv.org/india/nfhs/nfhs3/NFHS-3-Nutritional-Status-of-Adults.ppt|title= NFHS-3 Nutritional Status of Adults|accessdate=2009-11-26}}</ref>
+
| 2003 || Food || Company || {{w|Suminter India Organics}} is founded. It specializes in organic products.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sameer Mehra |url=https://events.vccircle.com/content/sameer-mehra |website=events.vccircle.com |accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref> || 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2005 || Nutrition || Statistics || According to repport, 60% of India's children below the age of three are malnourished, a greater figure than the statistics of sub-Saharan African of 28%.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/11/magazine/11FOB-Rieff-t.html|title= India’s Malnutrition Dilemma|accessdate=2011-09-20|work=Source: The New York Times 2009|quote=|first=David|last=Rieff|date=11 October 2009}}</ref>
+
| 2004–2006 || Nutrition || Statistics || The number of people undernourished in India fluctuates, dropping from 210 million to 177 million between 1990 and 2000 before dramatically increasing between the years 2004-2006 where the recorded number of undernourished people rises from 177 million to almost 240 million in the space of just 5 years.<ref name="50 Years of Food in India"/> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2007 || Food || Production || The {{w|National Development Council}} adopts a resolution to launch a Food Security Mission comprising rice, wheat and pulses to increase the annual production of rice by 10 million tons, wheat by 8 million tons and pulses by 2 million tons by the end of the harvest season 2011-12. Accordingly, a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, 'National Food Security Mission' (NFSM), is launched during the year.<ref>{{cite web |title=nfsm |url=https://nfsm.gov.in/ |website=nfsm.gov |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref>
+
| 2005 || Nutrition || Statistics || An estimated 40% of women in rural areas, and 36% of women in urban areas are found to have mild anaemia.<ref name="NFHS-3 adult">{{cite web |url= http://hetv.org/india/nfhs/nfhs3/NFHS-3-Nutritional-Status-of-Adults.ppt|title= NFHS-3 Nutritional Status of Adults|accessdate=2009-11-26}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2008 || Food || Production || India stands as the world's sixth largest producer of marine and freshwater capture fisheries and the second largest aquaculture farmed fish producer.
+
| 2005 || Nutrition || Statistics || According to repport, 60% of India's children below the age of three are malnourished, a greater figure than the statistics of sub-Saharan African of 28%.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/11/magazine/11FOB-Rieff-t.html|title= India’s Malnutrition Dilemma|accessdate=2011-09-20|work=Source: The New York Times 2009|quote=|first=David|last=Rieff|date=11 October 2009}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2008 || Food || Statistics || Report claims that India's population is growing faster than its ability to produce {{w|rice}} and {{w|wheat}}.<ref name="nytagriculture">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/22/business/22indiafood.html?_r=1|title=The Food Chain in Fertile India, Growth Outstrips Agriculture|publisher=New York Times|date=22 June 2008 | first=Somini | last=Sengupta | accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref>
+
| 2007 || Food || Production || The {{w|National Development Council}} adopts a resolution to launch a Food Security Mission comprising rice, wheat and pulses to increase the annual production of rice by 10 million tons, wheat by 8 million tons and pulses by 2 million tons by the end of the harvest season 2011-12. Accordingly, a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, 'National Food Security Mission' (NFSM), is launched during the year.<ref>{{cite web |title=nfsm |url=https://nfsm.gov.in/ |website=nfsm.gov |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2009 || Food || Production || India stands as the world's third largest producer of {{w|egg}}s, [[w:Orange (fruit)|oranges]], {{w|coconut}}s, {{w|tomatoe}}s, {{w|pea}}s and {{w|bean}}s.<ref name=fao2009>{{cite web|title=Country Rank in the World, by commodity|year=2011|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|url=http://faostat.fao.org/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=339&lang=en&country=100}}</ref>
+
| 2008 || Food || Production || India stands as the world's sixth largest producer of marine and freshwater capture fisheries and the second largest aquaculture farmed fish producer. ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2009 || Food || Production || The Statistics Office of the Food and Agriculture Organization reports that, per final numbers for 2009, India is the world's largest producer of the following agricultural products: {{w|Fresh Fruit}}, {{w|lemons and limes}}, {{w|buffalo milk}}, {{w|castor oil}} seeds, {{w|sunflower seed}}s, {{w|sorghum}}, {{w|millet}}, spice, {{w|okra}}, {{w|jute}}, {{w|beeswax}}, {{w|bananas}}, {{w|mangoes}}, mangosteens, {{w|guavas}}, {{w|pulses}}, indigenous buffalo meat, tropical fruits, {{w|ginger}}, {{w|chick peas}}, {{w|areca nuts}}, {{w|pigeon peas}}, papayas, {{w|chillies}} and [[w:Bell peppers|peppers]], {{w|anise}}, [[w:Illicium verum|badian]], {{w|fennel}}, {{w|coriander}}, and goat milk.<ref name=fao2009>{{cite web|title=Country Rank in the World, by commodity|year=2011|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|url=http://faostat.fao.org/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=339&lang=en&country=100}}</ref><ref>These are food and agriculture classification groups. For definition with list of botanical species covered under each classification, consult FAOSTAT of the United Nations; Link: http://faostat.fao.org/site/384/default.aspx</ref>
+
| 2008 || Food || Statistics || Report claims that India's population is growing faster than its ability to produce {{w|rice}} and {{w|wheat}}.<ref name="nytagriculture">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/22/business/22indiafood.html?_r=1|title=The Food Chain in Fertile India, Growth Outstrips Agriculture|publisher=New York Times|date=22 June 2008 | first=Somini | last=Sengupta | accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2009–2010 || Food || Production || India stands first in milk production, with 112.5 million tons of milk produced in 2009-2010.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |url=http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/WriteReadData/Annual%20Report%202010-11%20English.pdf |title=Annual Report |access-date=2015-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721060801/http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/WriteReadData/Annual%20Report%202010-11%20English.pdf |archive-date=2013-07-21 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
+
| 2009 || Food || Production || India stands as the world's third largest producer of {{w|egg}}s, [[w:Orange (fruit)|oranges]], {{w|coconut}}s, {{w|tomatoe}}s, {{w|pea}}s and {{w|bean}}s.<ref name=fao2009>{{cite web|title=Country Rank in the World, by commodity|year=2011|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|url=http://faostat.fao.org/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=339&lang=en&country=100}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2010 || Nutrition || Statistics || National obesity rates in the country are reported at 14% for women and 18% for men with some urban areas having rates as high as 40%.<ref>{{cite news|title=India in grip of obesity epidemic|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-12/india/28245306_1_obesity-india-and-china-overweight-rates|publisher=The Times of India|accessdate=14 February 2012|date=12 November 2010}}</ref>
+
| 2009 || Food || Production || The Statistics Office of the Food and Agriculture Organization reports that, per final numbers for 2009, India is the world's largest producer of the following agricultural products: {{w|Fresh Fruit}}, {{w|lemons and limes}}, {{w|buffalo milk}}, {{w|castor oil}} seeds, {{w|sunflower seed}}s, {{w|sorghum}}, {{w|millet}}, spice, {{w|okra}}, {{w|jute}}, {{w|beeswax}}, {{w|bananas}}, {{w|mangoes}}, mangosteens, {{w|guavas}}, {{w|pulses}}, indigenous buffalo meat, tropical fruits, {{w|ginger}}, {{w|chick peas}}, {{w|areca nuts}}, {{w|pigeon peas}}, papayas, {{w|chillies}} and [[w:Bell peppers|peppers]], {{w|anise}}, [[w:Illicium verum|badian]], {{w|fennel}}, {{w|coriander}}, and goat milk.<ref name=fao2009>{{cite web|title=Country Rank in the World, by commodity|year=2011|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|url=http://faostat.fao.org/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=339&lang=en&country=100}}</ref><ref>These are food and agriculture classification groups. For definition with list of botanical species covered under each classification, consult FAOSTAT of the United Nations; Link: http://faostat.fao.org/site/384/default.aspx</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2010 || Food || Infrastructure || It is estimated that only about 35% of agricultural land in India is reliably irrigated.<ref name=wbirrig>[http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.IRIG.AG.ZS/countries Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land)] The World Bank (2013)</ref>
+
| 2009–2010 || Food || Production || India stands first in milk production, with 112.5 million tons of milk produced in 2009-2010.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |url=http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/WriteReadData/Annual%20Report%202010-11%20English.pdf |title=Annual Report |access-date=2015-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721060801/http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/WriteReadData/Annual%20Report%202010-11%20English.pdf |archive-date=2013-07-21 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2011 || Food || Workforce || The agricultural sector workforce in the {{w|Indian subcontinent}} is composed by a 75 percent of women.<ref name="Singh2009">Singh, Roopam; Sengupta, Ranja (2009). [http://www.in.boell.org/downloads/Summary_agr.pdf "EU FTA and the Likely Impact on Indian Women Executive Summary."] Centre for Trade and Development and Heinrich Boell Foundation.</ref>
+
| 2010 || Nutrition || Statistics || National obesity rates in the country are reported at 14% for women and 18% for men with some urban areas having rates as high as 40%.<ref>{{cite news|title=India in grip of obesity epidemic|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-12/india/28245306_1_obesity-india-and-china-overweight-rates|publisher=The Times of India|accessdate=14 February 2012|date=12 November 2010}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2011 || Nutrition || Intake || Study shows the average Indian having a daily calories intake of 2,458. Their daily diet consists of 34% produce (450g), 32% grains (416g), 18% eggs and dairy (235g), 10% sugar and fat (129g), 2% meat (29g) and 4% as other (58g).<ref name="50 Years of Food in India"/>
+
| 2010 || Food || Infrastructure || It is estimated that only about 35% of agricultural land in India is reliably irrigated.<ref name=wbirrig>[http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.IRIG.AG.ZS/countries Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land)] The World Bank (2013)</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2012 || Food || Production || The national production from horticulture exceeds grain output for the first time.<ref>{{cite web |title=India’s horticulture output at a record high, despite drought and freak rains |url=https://www.livemint.com/ |website=livemint.com |accessdate=2 August 2019}}</ref>
+
| 2011 || Food || Workforce || The agricultural sector workforce in the {{w|Indian subcontinent}} is composed by a 75 percent of women.<ref name="Singh2009">Singh, Roopam; Sengupta, Ranja (2009). [http://www.in.boell.org/downloads/Summary_agr.pdf "EU FTA and the Likely Impact on Indian Women Executive Summary."] Centre for Trade and Development and Heinrich Boell Foundation.</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2012 || Nutrition || Statistics || India is firmly established among the world's most hunger-ridden countries, with 21% of its population undernourished, nearly 44% of under-5 children underweight and 7% of them dying before they reach five years. Only Congo, {{w|Chad}}, {{w|Ethiopia}} or {{w|Burundi}}, are in worse conditions, but India situation is worse than {{w|Sudan}}, {{w|North Korea}}, {{w|Pakistan}} or {{w|Nepal}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Superpower? 230 million Indians go hungry daily |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Superpower-230-million-Indians-go-hungry-daily/articleshow/11494502.cms?referral=PM |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |accessdate=1 July 2019}}</ref>
+
| 2011 || Nutrition || Intake || Study shows the average Indian having a daily calories intake of 2,458. Their daily diet consists of 34% produce (450g), 32% grains (416g), 18% eggs and dairy (235g), 10% sugar and fat (129g), 2% meat (29g) and 4% as other (58g).<ref name="50 Years of Food in India"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2013 || Food || Production || India becomes the second largest producer of horticultural products after China, with a total horticulture produce reaching 277.4 million metric tons.<ref name=lmhort>[http://www.livemint.com/Politics/3G6kcLhA6CUfw6K3OJu8wI/Deficit-rains-spare-horticulture-record-production-expected.html Deficit rains spare horticulture, record production expected] Livemint, S Bera, Hindustan Times (January 19, 2015)</ref> During the fiscal year, the exported horticulture products worthed nearly double the value of the 2010 exports.<ref name=lmhort>[http://www.livemint.com/Politics/3G6kcLhA6CUfw6K3OJu8wI/Deficit-rains-spare-horticulture-record-production-expected.html Deficit rains spare horticulture, record production expected] Livemint, S Bera, Hindustan Times (January 19, 2015)</ref>
+
| 2012 || Food || Production || The national production from horticulture exceeds grain output for the first time.<ref>{{cite web |title=India’s horticulture output at a record high, despite drought and freak rains |url=https://www.livemint.com/ |website=livemint.com |accessdate=2 August 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2013 || Nutrition || Policy || The {{w|Parliament of India}} enacts the {{w|National Food Security Act, 2013}} (Also called as the Right to Food Act), in order to provide the {{w|Right to food}} to every citizen of the country. This legislation seeks to provide [[w:Subsidy|subsidized]] food grains to approximately two thirds of {{w|India}}'s 1.33 billion population.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/Ordinances/Food%20Security%20Ordinance%202013.pdf|title=National Food Security Act|last=|first=|date=|publisher=PRS Legislative Research|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=99309|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=5 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.btvin.com/videos/watch/7714/food-security-act-to-be-implemented-from-july-5|title=Food Security Act To Be Implemented From July 5|website=BTVI.in|access-date=3 August 2019}}</ref>
+
| 2012 || Nutrition || Statistics || India is firmly established among the world's most hunger-ridden countries, with 21% of its population undernourished, nearly 44% of under-5 children underweight and 7% of them dying before they reach five years. Only Congo, {{w|Chad}}, {{w|Ethiopia}} or {{w|Burundi}}, are in worse conditions, but India situation is worse than {{w|Sudan}}, {{w|North Korea}}, {{w|Pakistan}} or {{w|Nepal}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Superpower? 230 million Indians go hungry daily |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Superpower-230-million-Indians-go-hungry-daily/articleshow/11494502.cms?referral=PM |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |accessdate=1 July 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2013 || Food || Production || India stands as the world's largest dairy herd (composed of cows and buffaloes), at over 304 million strong.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |url=http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/WriteReadData/Annual%20Report%202010-11%20English.pdf |title=Annual Report |access-date=2015-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721060801/http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/WriteReadData/Annual%20Report%202010-11%20English.pdf |archive-date=2013-07-21 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
+
| 2013 || Food || Production || India becomes the second largest producer of horticultural products after China, with a total horticulture produce reaching 277.4 million metric tons.<ref name=lmhort>[http://www.livemint.com/Politics/3G6kcLhA6CUfw6K3OJu8wI/Deficit-rains-spare-horticulture-record-production-expected.html Deficit rains spare horticulture, record production expected] Livemint, S Bera, Hindustan Times (January 19, 2015)</ref> During the fiscal year, the exported horticulture products worthed nearly double the value of the 2010 exports.<ref name=lmhort>[http://www.livemint.com/Politics/3G6kcLhA6CUfw6K3OJu8wI/Deficit-rains-spare-horticulture-record-production-expected.html Deficit rains spare horticulture, record production expected] Livemint, S Bera, Hindustan Times (January 19, 2015)</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2013–2017 || Food || Production || Agrifood {{w|start-up}}s in India receive funding of US$ 1.66 billion in 558 deals in the period.<ref name="Agriculture in India: Information About Indian Agriculture & Its Importance"/>
+
| 2013 || Nutrition || Policy || The {{w|Parliament of India}} enacts the {{w|National Food Security Act, 2013}} (Also called as the Right to Food Act), in order to provide the {{w|Right to food}} to every citizen of the country. This legislation seeks to provide [[w:Subsidy|subsidized]] food grains to approximately two thirds of {{w|India}}'s 1.33 billion population.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/Ordinances/Food%20Security%20Ordinance%202013.pdf|title=National Food Security Act|last=|first=|date=|publisher=PRS Legislative Research|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=99309|title=Press Information Bureau|access-date=5 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.btvin.com/videos/watch/7714/food-security-act-to-be-implemented-from-july-5|title=Food Security Act To Be Implemented From July 5|website=BTVI.in|access-date=3 August 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2014 || Food || Production || According to statistics by the [[w:Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]], India is the world's largest producer of many fresh {{w|fruit}}s like {{w|banana}}, {{w|mango}}, {{w|guava}}, {{w|papaya}}, {{w|lemon}} and vegetables like {{w|chickpea}}, {{w|okra}} and {{w|milk}}, major {{w|spice}}s like {{w|chili pepper}}, {{w|ginger}}, fibrous crops such as {{w|jute}}, staples such as {{w|millet}}s and {{w|castor oil}} seed. India is the second largest producer of {{w|wheat}} and {{w|rice}}, which are the world's major [[w:staple food|food staples]].<ref name="faostat.fao.org">{{cite web|url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/default.aspx#ancor|title=FAOSTAT, 2014 data|publisher=Faostat.fao.org |date= |accessdate=2011-09-17}}</ref>
+
| 2013 || Food || Production || India stands as the world's largest dairy herd (composed of cows and buffaloes), at over 304 million strong.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |url=http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/WriteReadData/Annual%20Report%202010-11%20English.pdf |title=Annual Report |access-date=2015-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721060801/http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/WriteReadData/Annual%20Report%202010-11%20English.pdf |archive-date=2013-07-21 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2014 || Nutrition || || Study on Indian vegetarian diets conclude that, overall, these are found to be adequate to sustain nutritional demands according to recommended dietary allowances with less fat. However, lower vitamin B12 bio-availability remains a concern and requires exploration of acceptable dietary sources for vegetarians.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shridhar |first1=Krithiga |last2=Dhillon |first2=Preet Kaur |last3=Bowen |first3=Liza |last4=Kinra |first4=Sanjay |last5=Venkatsubbareddy Bharathi |first5=Ankalmadugu |last6=Prabhakaran |first6=Dorairaj |last7=Srinath Reddy |first7=Kolli |last8=Ebrahim |first8=Shah |title=Nutritional profile of Indian vegetarian diets – the Indian Migration Study (IMS) |doi=10.1186/1475-2891-13-55 |pmid=24899080 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4055802/ |accessdate=5 September 2019 |pmc=4055802}}</ref>
+
| 2013–2017 || Food || Production || Agrifood {{w|start-up}}s in India receive funding of US$ 1.66 billion in 558 deals in the period.<ref name="Agriculture in India: Information About Indian Agriculture & Its Importance"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2014–2015 || Food || Production || A reported 250 million tons of food grain are produced in the country, this time becoming a net food exporter.<ref name="Nutrition And Food Security"/>
+
| 2014 || Food || Production || According to statistics by the [[w:Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]], India is the world's largest producer of many fresh {{w|fruit}}s like {{w|banana}}, {{w|mango}}, {{w|guava}}, {{w|papaya}}, {{w|lemon}} and vegetables like {{w|chickpea}}, {{w|okra}} and {{w|milk}}, major {{w|spice}}s like {{w|chili pepper}}, {{w|ginger}}, fibrous crops such as {{w|jute}}, staples such as {{w|millet}}s and {{w|castor oil}} seed. India is the second largest producer of {{w|wheat}} and {{w|rice}}, which are the world's major [[w:staple food|food staples]].<ref name="faostat.fao.org">{{cite web|url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/default.aspx#ancor|title=FAOSTAT, 2014 data|publisher=Faostat.fao.org |date= |accessdate=2011-09-17}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2014–2017 || Food || Infrastructure || Agriculture storage capacity in India increases at 4 % compound Annual Growth Rate between in the period, reaching 131.8 million metric tons.<ref name="Agriculture in India: Information About Indian Agriculture & Its Importance">{{cite web |title=Agriculture in India: Information About Indian Agriculture & Its Importance |url=https://www.ibef.org/industry/agriculture-india.aspx |website=ibef.org |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref>
+
| 2014 || Nutrition || Intake || Study on Indian vegetarian diets conclude that, overall, these are found to be adequate to sustain nutritional demands according to recommended dietary allowances with less fat. However, lower vitamin B12 bio-availability remains a concern and requires exploration of acceptable dietary sources for vegetarians.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shridhar |first1=Krithiga |last2=Dhillon |first2=Preet Kaur |last3=Bowen |first3=Liza |last4=Kinra |first4=Sanjay |last5=Venkatsubbareddy Bharathi |first5=Ankalmadugu |last6=Prabhakaran |first6=Dorairaj |last7=Srinath Reddy |first7=Kolli |last8=Ebrahim |first8=Shah |title=Nutritional profile of Indian vegetarian diets – the Indian Migration Study (IMS) |doi=10.1186/1475-2891-13-55 |pmid=24899080 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4055802/ |accessdate=5 September 2019 |pmc=4055802}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2015 || Food || Policy || The {{w|Government of India}} launches the {{w|Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana}} as a national mission to improve farm productivity and ensure better utilization of the resources in the country. An amount of Rs 50,000 crore (US$ 7.7 billion) is invested for development of irrigation sources for providing a permanent solution from drought.<ref name="Agriculture in India: Information About Indian Agriculture & Its Importance"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana |url=https://www.india.gov.in/spotlight/pradhan-mantri-krishi-sinchayee-yojana |website=india.gov.in |accessdate=2 August 2019}}</ref>
+
| 2014–2015 || Food || Production || A reported 250 million tons of food grain are produced in the country, this time becoming a net food exporter.<ref name="Nutrition And Food Security"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2015 || Nutrition || Statistics || According to study, India accounts for the highest number of deaths of children with 50% of such deaths caused by malnutrition.<ref>{{cite web |title=India has highest number of deaths of children under five |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-has-highest-number-of-deaths-of-children-under-five-years-of-age/articleshow/46722307.cms |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |accessdate=8 August 2019}}</ref>
+
| 2014–2017 || Food || Infrastructure || Agriculture storage capacity in India increases at 4 % compound Annual Growth Rate between in the period, reaching 131.8 million metric tons.<ref name="Agriculture in India: Information About Indian Agriculture & Its Importance">{{cite web |title=Agriculture in India: Information About Indian Agriculture & Its Importance |url=https://www.ibef.org/industry/agriculture-india.aspx |website=ibef.org |accessdate=10 July 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2015 || Nutrition || Study || {{w|IMRB International}} releases results of its Protein Consumption in the Diet of Adult Indians Survey, and reports that nine out of 10 Indians consume less than adequate proteins daily, and that 91% of the vegetarians and 85% of the non-vegetarians are deficient.<ref>{{cite web |title=9 of 10 Indians lack adequate protein, Mumbaikars score high |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/9-of-10-Indians-lack-adequate-protein-Mumbaikars-score-high/articleshow/47521432.cms |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |accessdate=5 September 2019}}</ref>
+
| 2015 || Food || Policy || The {{w|Government of India}} launches the {{w|Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana}} as a national mission to improve farm productivity and ensure better utilization of the resources in the country. An amount of Rs 50,000 crore (US$ 7.7 billion) is invested for development of irrigation sources for providing a permanent solution from drought.<ref name="Agriculture in India: Information About Indian Agriculture & Its Importance"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana |url=https://www.india.gov.in/spotlight/pradhan-mantri-krishi-sinchayee-yojana |website=india.gov.in |accessdate=2 August 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2016 || Food || Organization || The Electronic National Agriculture Market (eNAM) is launched to create a unified national market for agricultural commodities by networking existing {{w|Agricultural produce market committee}}s.<ref name="Agriculture in India: Information About Indian Agriculture & Its Importance"/>
+
| 2015 || Nutrition || Statistics || According to study, India accounts for the highest number of deaths of children with 50% of such deaths caused by malnutrition.<ref>{{cite web |title=India has highest number of deaths of children under five |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-has-highest-number-of-deaths-of-children-under-five-years-of-age/articleshow/46722307.cms |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |accessdate=8 August 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2016 || Food || Organization || The {{w|Government of India}} establishes the Farmers Commission to completely evaluate the agriculture program.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://krishakayog.gov.in/ |title=Farmers Commission |access-date=23 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100511165307/http://krishakayog.gov.in/ |archive-date=11 May 2010 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
+
| 2015 || Nutrition || Study || {{w|IMRB International}} releases results of its Protein Consumption in the Diet of Adult Indians Survey, and reports that nine out of 10 Indians consume less than adequate proteins daily, and that 91% of the vegetarians and 85% of the non-vegetarians are deficient.<ref>{{cite web |title=9 of 10 Indians lack adequate protein, Mumbaikars score high |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/9-of-10-Indians-lack-adequate-protein-Mumbaikars-score-high/articleshow/47521432.cms |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |accessdate=5 September 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2016 || Food || Statistics || As of date, agriculture accounts for 23% of the Indian GDP, and employs 59% of the country's total workforce.<ref name="WTTCBenchmark">{{cite web|title=BENCHMARK REPORT 2017 – INDI|url=https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/benchmark-reports/country-reports-2017/india.pdf|website=World Travel and Tourism Council|accessdate=11 April 2018}}</ref>
+
| 2016 || Food || Organization || The Electronic National Agriculture Market (eNAM) is launched to create a unified national market for agricultural commodities by networking existing {{w|Agricultural produce market committee}}s.<ref name="Agriculture in India: Information About Indian Agriculture & Its Importance"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2016 || Food || Program launch || The {{w|Indian Government}} launches a number of programs to double farmers’ incomes by 2022.<ref name="Nutrition And Food Security"/>
+
| 2016 || Food || Organization || The {{w|Government of India}} establishes the Farmers Commission to completely evaluate the agriculture program.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://krishakayog.gov.in/ |title=Farmers Commission |access-date=23 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100511165307/http://krishakayog.gov.in/ |archive-date=11 May 2010 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2017 || Nutrition || Statistics || The 2017 {{w|Global Hunger Index}} (GHI) Report by the {{w|International Food Policy Research Institute}} ranks India 100th out of 118 countries with a serious {{w|hunger}} situation. Amongst {{w|South Asian}} nations, India ranks third behind only {{w|Afghanistan}} and {{w|Pakistan}} with a GHI score of 29.0 ("serious situation").<ref>{{cite web |title=2015 Global Hunger Index Report|url=http://ebrary.ifpri.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/129681/filename/129892.pdf#page=21 |publisher={{w|International Food Policy Research Institute}} (IFPRI) }}</ref>  
+
| 2016 || Food || Statistics || As of date, agriculture accounts for 23% of the Indian GDP, and employs 59% of the country's total workforce.<ref name="WTTCBenchmark">{{cite web|title=BENCHMARK REPORT 2017 – INDI|url=https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/benchmark-reports/country-reports-2017/india.pdf|website=World Travel and Tourism Council|accessdate=11 April 2018}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2018 || Nutrition || Statistics || The 2018 {{w|Global Hunger Index}} Report ranks India 103rd out of 119 countries with a serious issue of child wasting. At least one in five children under the age of five years in India are wasted.<ref>{{cite web |title=India ranks 103 on global hunger index |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/india-ranks-103-on-global-hunger-index/articleshow/66226877.cms?from=mdr |website=economictimes.indiatimes.com |accessdate=1 July 2019}}</ref>
+
| 2016 || Food || Program launch || The {{w|Indian Government}} launches a number of programs to double farmers’ incomes by 2022.<ref name="Nutrition And Food Security"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2018 || Food || Production || Indian Tea Giant Goodricke Group parent Camellia Plc becomes the world's largest private tea producer producing 103 million kgs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/goodricke-parent-camellia-becomes-the-world-s-largest-private-tea-producer-119041800035_1.html|title=Goodricke parent Camellia becomes the world's largest private tea producer|first=Ishita Ayan Dutt & Avishek|last=Rakshit|date=18 April 2019|publisher=|via=Business Standard}}</ref>
+
| 2017 || Nutrition || Statistics || The 2017 {{w|Global Hunger Index}} (GHI) Report by the {{w|International Food Policy Research Institute}} ranks India 100th out of 118 countries with a serious {{w|hunger}} situation. Amongst {{w|South Asian}} nations, India ranks third behind only {{w|Afghanistan}} and {{w|Pakistan}} with a GHI score of 29.0 ("serious situation").<ref>{{cite web |title=2015 Global Hunger Index Report|url=http://ebrary.ifpri.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/129681/filename/129892.pdf#page=21 |publisher={{w|International Food Policy Research Institute}} (IFPRI) }}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2018 || Food || Policy || The Agriculture Export Policy is approved by {{w|Government of India}}, with aims at increasing the agricultural exports to US$ 60 billion by 2022 and US$ 100 billion in the next few years with a stable trade policy regime.<ref name="Agriculture in India: Information About Indian Agriculture & Its Importance"/>
+
| 2018 || Nutrition || Statistics || The 2018 {{w|Global Hunger Index}} Report ranks India 103rd out of 119 countries with a serious issue of child wasting. At least one in five children under the age of five years in India are wasted.<ref>{{cite web |title=India ranks 103 on global hunger index |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/india-ranks-103-on-global-hunger-index/articleshow/66226877.cms?from=mdr |website=economictimes.indiatimes.com |accessdate=1 July 2019}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2018 || Food || || The first mega food park in {{w|Rajasthan}} is inaugurated.<ref name="Agriculture in India: Information About Indian Agriculture & Its Importance"/>
+
| 2018 || Food || Production || Indian Tea Giant Goodricke Group parent Camellia Plc becomes the world's largest private tea producer producing 103 million kgs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/goodricke-parent-camellia-becomes-the-world-s-largest-private-tea-producer-119041800035_1.html|title=Goodricke parent Camellia becomes the world's largest private tea producer|first=Ishita Ayan Dutt & Avishek|last=Rakshit|date=18 April 2019|publisher=|via=Business Standard}}</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2018 || Food || Policy || The Agriculture Export Policy is approved by {{w|Government of India}}, with aims at increasing the agricultural exports to US$ 60 billion by 2022 and US$ 100 billion in the next few years with a stable trade policy regime.<ref name="Agriculture in India: Information About Indian Agriculture & Its Importance"/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 2018 || Food || || The first mega food park in {{w|Rajasthan}} is inaugurated.<ref name="Agriculture in India: Information About Indian Agriculture & Its Importance"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
Line 264: Line 343:
  
 
===What the timeline is still missing===
 
===What the timeline is still missing===
 +
 +
* Tables: ([https://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=in&commodity=corn&graph=production corn], [https://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=in&commodity=milk&graph=production milk], [https://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=in&commodity=wheat&graph=production wheat], [https://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=in&commodity=sorghum&graph=production sorghum], [https://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=in&commodity=milled-rice&graph=production milled rice], [https://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=in&commodity=millet&graph=production millet], [https://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=in&commodity=pears&graph=production fresh pears], [https://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=in&commodity=grapes&graph=production fresh table grapes] )
  
 
===Timeline update strategy===
 
===Timeline update strategy===
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
 +
 +
* [[Timeline of food and nutrition in China]]
 +
* [[Timeline of healthcare in India]]
 +
* [[Timeline of malnutrition]]
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==

Latest revision as of 22:03, 31 July 2022

This is a timeline of food and nutrition in India, describing agricultural and industrial food production, organizations, government policies and infrastructure related to food, as well as the level of nutrition of the population.

Big picture

Time period Development summary More details
Before AD Pre-Christian times At around 2000 BC, the Ayurvedic tradition of cooking (a complete holistic approach to cooking) evolves, laying the foundation of the concept that everything we eat affects both our body and mind, therefore food should be pure, from nature, and balanced. At around 1000 BC, the roots of Hinduism are shaped, the Vedas are developed as well as the caste system, which divides food habits of people broadly by caste. The Brahmins are mostly vegetarians while the Kshatriyas are non-vegetarian. Buddhism and Jainism develop in the 6th century BC, with the latter having a marked influence on the cuisine in some parts of India. Jains are strong believers in non-violence, and their cuisine, apart from being cooked without meat is also cooked without onion and garlic. Starting at around 300 BC, during Maurya Empire, the economy is agriculture driven which results in the base of all the grain cuisine in India.[1]
AD–1200 Early Christian times Several North Indian dynasties develop, including the Gupta Empire, which is noted for its love of the arts and gives rise to the Golden Age of India, in which several travelers visit the country and carry with them knowledge and products like tea and spices.[1]
1500–1600 European contact Portuguese and Spanish seafaring people bring food plants from South and Central America into India.[2] The Portuguese notably influence the development of the Goan cuisine.[1] Portuguese sailors introduce potatoes, tomatoes, pineapples, guavas, and cashews from Brazil to India. The chili pepper, also introduced by the Portuguese, would become immensely popular as a very important spice for wider Indian cuisine. The Portuguese also introduce beef and pork to converts to Catholicism, meats which are considered a taboo by Hindus.[3]
1500–1800 Mughal Empire Moglai cuisine emerges. Several seasonings are introduced, like saffron, the addition of nuts and cooking in the “Dum” or sealed pot method of cooking. The Syrian Christian cuisine is introduced in Kerala.[1] In South India, during the Sultan dynasty, Hyderabadi cuisine develops, comprising a broad collection of rice, wheat and meat dishes along with the skilled use of various spices and herbs. The Hyderabadi introduce the Dum Pukht method, a slow and sealed method of cooking.[4] In the 18th century famines abound in India. The British become interested in new food plants in order to cope with constant starvation.[5]
1800–1947 British rule Debates on the Indian diet begin, with two areas of colonial concern: famine and prisons.[5] The British regime in India supplies the irrigation works but rarely on the scale required.[6] By the early 20th century, 3 out of 4 Indians are employed in agriculture, famines are common, with food consumption per capita tending toward decline.[7]
Since 1947 Independent India Partition of the country reduced Indian cereal production per capita. Imports of food are necessary to maintain reserves. The food policy is examined and a program for self sufficiency is started. In the 1950s, prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru embarks on a policy of state-led industrialization modeled partly by the Soviets.[8]
1968–1991 The Green Revolution The Green Revolution in India develops with wide diffusion of technologies that achieve a spectacular growth in agricultural outputs.[8] An increased production of staple food crops like rice and wheat reduces hunger and boosts incomes and overall economic growth.[9] Rapid growth in farm productivity enables India to become self-sufficient by the 1970s.[10] Also, the ‘White Revolution’ by the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) makes milk and other dairy products more easily and widely accessible. The usage of ghee, butter, paneer, and cheese enhances the diet of Indians, especially in the urban areas thus pushing up the averages for the national daily intake of dairy and animal product.[11] In the 1980s India manages to get along with very few food imports because of the growth in food-grain production and the development of a large buffer stock against potential agricultural shortfalls, all this despite three years of meager rainfall and a drought in the middle of the decade.[12] By the early 1990s, India becomes self-sufficient in food-grain production.[12]
21tst century Present time India has moved away from dependence on food aid to become a net food exporter. However, the country continues to suffer severe levels of malnutrition, which remains a leading cause of deaths in infants. As of 2017, India ranks 100th out of 118 countries with a serious hunger situation. There are around 195 million undernourished people, a quarter of the global hunger burden. Nearly 47 million or 4 out of 10 children in India do not meet their full human potential because of chronic undernutrition or stunting.[13]

Numerical and visual data

Google Scholar

The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of May 30, 2021.

Year food and nutrition in India food in india nutrition in India child nutrition in india
1980 5,860 13,200 6,620 813
1985 2,640 11,500 3,750 946
1990 12,800 27,000 14,000 1,410
1995 5,250 24,500 7,380 2,100
2000 18,100 73,800 21,700 3,910
2002 11,100 86,600 14,800 5,100
2004 13,100 114,000 17,600 6,390
2006 17,400 154,000 25,100 7,790
2008 23,100 201,000 34,100 9,910
2010 41,200 289,000 59,100 12,200
2012 50,400 383,000 73,200 15,600
2014 55,000 371,000 78,700 20,100
2016 52,900 348,000 73,000 21,300
2017 54,700 328,000 76,300 22,400
2018 50,900 239,000 70,000 23,100
2019 51,800 183,000 68,100 25,300
2020 33,400 140,000 39,700 24,900
Food in india tb.png

Google Trends

The comparative chart below shows Google Trends data for Nutrition in India (Search term) and Malnutrition in India (Search term), from January 2004 to February 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.[14]

Nutrition in India gt.jpg

The comparative chart below shows Google Trends data for Malnutrition in India (Search term) and Malnutrition in China (Search term), from January 2004 to February 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.[15]

Malnutrition in India and China.jpg

Full timeline

Year Category Event type Details
9000 BC Food Production Indian agriculture arguably begins by this time as a result of early cultivation of plants, and domestication of crops and animals.[16]
3000 BC Food Production The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is domesticated by Indians possibly around this time.[17][18]
Water buffaloes
3000 BC Food Production Turmeric, cardamom, black pepper and mustard are harvested in India.[19][20]
3000 BC Food Origin Coconut oil, an important part of Ayurvedic medicine, starts to be produced in India around this time.[21]
2000 BC Food Origin The earliest known reference to the cultivation of mangoes are traced to India at around this time.[22] The mango is the national fruit of the country.[23]
2000 BC Food Introduction Ragi (Eleusine coracana) is introduced from Africa to India around this time.[2]
2000 BC–1800 BC Food Origin Ghee is invented in the northeast corner of the Indian subcontinent.[24]
Ghee
500 BC Food Origin Indian farmers discover and begin farming many spices and sugarcane.[25]
300 BC Nutrition Diet Maurya Empire. A lot of Hindus feel that animal sacrifices add to the karma. Animal sacrifices become less popular, and meat consumption decreases.[26]
200 BC Nutrition Literature A famous manual of statecraft is written, containing the description of the Arthashastra of Kautilya (a balanced meal of a gentleman). It consists of rice: 500g, dhal: 125g, oil: 56g and salt: 50, respectively.[2]
200 BC–101 BC Food Introduction Emperor Ashoka popularizes vegetarian dishes as an alternative food source.[27]
100–500 AD Food Introduction Okra (Bhindi in Hindi), is introduced in India.[28]
Okra
650 AD Nutrition Diet Gupta Empire. Hindus begin to worship a Mother Goddess. Cows are sacred to her, so Hindus stop eating beef pretty much completely.[26]
900 AD Food Production Lemons and purple carrots are introduced in India from Central Asia.[26]
1100 AD Nutrition Diet With the Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent, most people in India stop eating pork. People can still eat lamb or goats or chicken, but most of the people in India become vegetarians, and only eat meat very rarely or not at all. Along the coasts and rivers, though, people still eat plenty of fish.[26]
1396 Nutrition Crisis The Durga Devi famine breaks out as a very severe and prolonged famine lasting about twelve years until 1407,[29][30] affecting the Deccan region.[31] Many thousand people die in Maharashtra.[32] Overall, it is estimated that the famine killed millions of people.[33]
1400–1500 Food Introduction Tamarind is introduced in India.[34] It is one of the most popular sourcing agents in Indian and Asian cooking.[35]
Tamarindus indica flowers
1550 Food Introduction Chili pepper (Mirch in Hindi) is introduced in India by Portuguese traders.[36]
Chili peppers
1615–1619 Food Production Potato in India is first mentioned in an account of the voyage of English chaplain Edward Terry, who writes: "In the northernmost part of this empire they have a variety of pears and apples; everywhere good roots as carrot, potatoes, and other like them...are grown".[37]
1784 Food Preparation method During a famine, Nawab Asaf-ud-Daulah builds the Bara Imambara in Lucknow in order to create employment for the starving people. Huge quantities of food are cooked in large vessels, degs, in massive double-walled ovens called "Bukharis". This event represents the introduction of the "Bukhari" cooking into the royal court.[38]
1788 Food Company EID Parry is founded. It specializes in sugar and distillery. It is one of the oldest companies in the world.[39]
1800 Food Infrastructure Some 800,000 hectares are irrigated in India.[40]
1820s Food Production The British East India Company begins large-scale production of tea in Assam, of a tea variety traditionally brewed by the Singpho people.[41]
1822 Food Introduction Cauliflower is first introduced in India, from England by the British.[42]
Cauliflower
1871 Food Organization The Government of India creates the Department of Revenue, Agriculture and Commerce.[6]
1876–1878 Nutrition Crisis The Great Famine of 1876–1878 occurs after an intense drought results in crop failure in the Deccan Plateau.[43] Affecting south and southwestern India (the British presidencies of Madras and Bombay, and the princely states of Mysore and Hyderabad) for a period of two years, and spreading northward to some regions of the Central Provinces and the North-Western Provinces, and to a small area in the Punjab.[44], the famine reaches an area of 257,000 km2 and an estimated death toll to be in the range of 5.5 million people.[45]
1880s Nutrition Infrastructure The Indian Famine Codes are developed by the colonial British as famine scales. Comprehensive and sophisticated by their time, they compare well with many relief systems drawn up a century later.[46]
1892 Food Company Britannia Industries is founded. It specializes in food products.[47]
1896 Nutrition Policy The Indian National Congress passes two resolutions linking poverty and hunger to the burdens of British rule, and urge the government to go further in saving lives in famine.[46]
1929 Food Company Parle Products is founded. It specializes in food.[48]
1936 Nutrition Program launch The Planning Commission (India) defines goals to alleviate poverty by setting targets in terms of nutrition (2400 to 2800 calories per adult worker), clothing (30 yards per capita per annum) and housing (100 sq. ft per capita).[49]
1940s Food Production The Grow More Food Campaign launches as a special program initiative.[50]
1943 Nutrition Crisis The Bengal famine of 1943 breaks out, leaving a death toll at about 1.5 million. It is considered one of the world's worst food disasters.[11][51]
1946 Food Company Amul is founded. It specializes in dairy products.[52]
1947 India becomes an independent country.[8] Partition of the country leaves India with 82% of the total population of undivided India but only 75% of the cereal production. The surplus province of Punjab is partitioned and West Punjab, which has a well-established network of irrigation canals, goes to Pakistan, as well as Sindh, also a surplus province.[53]
1947 Food Preparation method Punjabi refugees bring Tandoori style of cooking to Delhi. Since then, the Punjabi tandoori cooking would start becoming popular throughout India.[54]
1947 Food Policy The Foodgrains Policy Commission is followed by a number of Commissions which examine the food policy from time-to-time.[53]
1947–1948 Food Policy The food policy of independent India is examined by a Foodgrains Policy Commission, and concludes that imports are necessary to enable maintenance of central reserves to guard against crop failures and such reserve could be of the tune of two million tons. A rationing system, introduced during the World War II, is recomended as also the need to import foodgrains.[53]
1948–1975 Food Production The average output per hectare of an Indian wheat increases from 0.8 tons to 4.7 tons of wheat in the period.[10]
1949 Food Policy The Foodgrains Investigation Commission once again stresses self sufficiency.[53]
1950s Food Production The Integrated Production Programme launches, focusing on cash crops.[50]
1950 Food Policy The Foodgrains Procurement Commission stresses on maintaining a reasonable level of foodgrains prices to ensure adequate supplies to consumers.[53]
1950–1951 Food Production A reported 50 million tons of food grain are produced in the country.[13]
1951 Food Infrastructure India's irrigation potential reaches 22.6 million hectares.[55]
1951 Food Production India embarks on the path of planned economic development and launches the first Five Year Plan, giving highest priority to agriculture. In this year, the total foodgrain production is just 51 million tons.[53]
1951 Nutrition Intake Per capita availability of cereals is recorded at 334 grams per day.[12]
1955 Food Infrastructure The Konar Project and the Lower Bhawani Project are completed as major irrigation projects during the First Five Year Plan.[56]
1956 Food Infrastructure The Tungabhadra Project and the Hirakud Dam project are completed as major irrigation projects during the First Five Year Plan.[56]
1957 Food Infrastructure The Maithon Project is completed as a major irrigation project during the First Five Year Plan.[56]
1957 Food Organization Forced by a decline in production, the Indian Government establishes the Foodgrains Enquiry Committee under the eminent economist Ashok Mehta.[53]
1958 Food Organization The Price Increase and Famine Resistance Committee is formed a mass movement in West Bengal by the Communist Party of India and other Left groups, in response to the food crisis at the time.[57]
1960 Food Infrastructure Gandhi Sagar Project is completed as a major irrigation project during the First Five Year Plan.[56]
1961 Nutrition Intake The average Indian daily calorie intake is reported to be 2,010. It consists of 43% grains (378g), 23% produce (199g), 12% dairy & eggs (108g), 12% sugar and fat (108g), 2% meat (17g) and 8% as other (68g).[11]
1963 Food Production Norman Borlaug, the principal scientist of the Green Revolution, is deputed to India to establish a program to adapt hybrid wheat varieties from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico, to Indian conditions.[8]
1965 Food Organization The National Dairy Development Board is established under the auspices of Operation Flood at Anand, in Gujarat, to promote, plan, and organize dairy development through cooperatives; to provide consultations; and to set up dairy plants, which were then turned over to the cooperatives.[58]
1965 Food Organization The Food Corporation of India is established as the public sector marketing agency responsible for implementing government price policy through procurement and public distribution operations.[53][59]
1965–1966 Food Policy India suffers two years of severe drought. This would convince the Indian Government to reform its agricultural policy and that they could not rely on foreign aid and imports for food security. Further significant policy reforms would be adopted, focusing on the goal of food grain self-sufficiency, and ushering India’s Green Revolution.[10]
1965–1980 Food Production Wheat production in India nearly triples in this period while rice production increases 60 percent with the new strains and new methods.[60]
1969 Food Introduction Sunflower as an oilseed crop is introduced in India.[61]
1970 Food Program launch The Operation Flood launches as a project of India's National Dairy Development Board (NDDB). The world's biggest dairy development program, it would transform India from a milk-deficient nation into the world's largest milk producer, surpassing the United States in 1998.[62][63] Initially, the Phase 1 covers wight rural districts and later on extends to 27 districts with a participation of 1.4 million rural families.[64]
1978 Food Program launch The Indian Council of Medical Research laids down a balanced diet essentially matching the Arthasastra of Kautilya writen in 300 BC.[2]
1981 Food Workforce There are 195.1 million rural workers in the country: 55.4 million are agricultural laborers who depend primarily on casual farm work for a livelihood.[12]
1985 Food Company Bonn Group of Industries is founded. It specializes in baked goods.[65]
1987 Food Production Field crops are planted on about 45 percent of the total land mass of India. Almost 37 million hectares are double-cropped, making the gross sown area equivalent to almost 173 million hectares. About 15 million hectares are permanent pastureland or are planted in various tree crops and groves. Approximately 108 million hectares are either developed for nonagricultural uses, forested, or unsuited for agriculture because of topography. The remaining land, About 29.6 million hectares, are classified as cultivable but fallow, and 15.6 million hectares are classified as cultivable wasteland.[12]
1989 Food Production The gross value of output from animal husbandry in India is Rs358 billion in the fiscal year, an amount that constitutes about 25 percent of the total agricultural output of Rs1.4 trillion.[58]
1990–2000 Nutrition Statistics The number of people undernourished in India drops from 210 million to 177 million in the period.[11]
1990–2015 Nutrition Intake The average daily protein consumption rises from 55g per day to 59g per day in the period, with the protein from animal consumption increasing from 9g per day to 12g. The share of dietary energy supplied from cereals and roots decreases from an average of 66g per day to 59g.[11]
1990 Food Dairy production Milk production is estimated to have reached 53.5 million tons, and egg production reaches a level of 23.3 billion eggs.[58]
1990 Nutrition Intake Per capita availability of cereals reaches 470 grams per day, up from 334 grams in 1951.[12]
1990 Food Production Approximately 127.5 million hectares are sown with food grains, about 75 percent of the total planted area, during the fiscal year. An increase of 31 percent of the total number of hectares is calculated over the forty-year period from FY 1950 to FY 1990.[66]
1990s Food Exports Agricultural exports grow at well over 10.1% annually through the decade.[67]
Early 1990s Food Dairy production More than 63,000 Anand-style dairy cooperative societies are counted in India, with some 7.5 million members.[58]
Early 1990s Workforce The rural workforce grows to 242 million, of whom 73.7 million are classified as agricultural laborers. Approximately 33 percent of the employed rural workers are classified as casual wage laborers.[12]
1992 Food Livestock production India has approximately 25 percent of the world's cattle, with 193 million heads. There are also 110 million goats, 75 million water buffaloes, 44 million sheeps, and 10 million pigs.[58]
1993 Food Industry India stands as the largest producer of sugar worldwide, harvesting 12 million tons in the year, followed by Brazil's 9 million tons and China's 7 million tons.[66]
1993 Food Production The value of fish and processed fish exports reaches 3.6 percent in the fiscal year, increasing from less than 1 percent of the total value of exports in FY 1960.[68]
1993–1994 Food Production The total foodgrain production reaches 180 million tons, a 253% increase within four decades.[53]
1995 Nutrition Program launch The Indian government starts midday meal scheme, serving millions of children with fresh cooked meals in almost all the government run schools or schools aided by the government fund.[69]
1995 Food Infrastructure India’s irrigation potential reaches about 90 million hectares at the end of the year.[55]
1997 Food Company Organic India is founded. It specializes in organic foods.[70]
1998 Food Production India becomes the world's largest milk producer, surpassing the United States.[62]
2000 Food Production Indian farms adopt wheat varieties capable of yielding 6 tons of wheat per hectare.[71][72]
2003 Food Company Suminter India Organics is founded. It specializes in organic products.[73]
2004–2006 Nutrition Statistics The number of people undernourished in India fluctuates, dropping from 210 million to 177 million between 1990 and 2000 before dramatically increasing between the years 2004-2006 where the recorded number of undernourished people rises from 177 million to almost 240 million in the space of just 5 years.[11]
2005 Nutrition Statistics An estimated 40% of women in rural areas, and 36% of women in urban areas are found to have mild anaemia.[74]
2005 Nutrition Statistics According to repport, 60% of India's children below the age of three are malnourished, a greater figure than the statistics of sub-Saharan African of 28%.[75]
2007 Food Production The National Development Council adopts a resolution to launch a Food Security Mission comprising rice, wheat and pulses to increase the annual production of rice by 10 million tons, wheat by 8 million tons and pulses by 2 million tons by the end of the harvest season 2011-12. Accordingly, a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, 'National Food Security Mission' (NFSM), is launched during the year.[76]
2008 Food Production India stands as the world's sixth largest producer of marine and freshwater capture fisheries and the second largest aquaculture farmed fish producer.
2008 Food Statistics Report claims that India's population is growing faster than its ability to produce rice and wheat.[77]
2009 Food Production India stands as the world's third largest producer of eggs, oranges, coconuts, tomatoes, peas and beans.[78]
2009 Food Production The Statistics Office of the Food and Agriculture Organization reports that, per final numbers for 2009, India is the world's largest producer of the following agricultural products: Fresh Fruit, lemons and limes, buffalo milk, castor oil seeds, sunflower seeds, sorghum, millet, spice, okra, jute, beeswax, bananas, mangoes, mangosteens, guavas, pulses, indigenous buffalo meat, tropical fruits, ginger, chick peas, areca nuts, pigeon peas, papayas, chillies and peppers, anise, badian, fennel, coriander, and goat milk.[78][79]
2009–2010 Food Production India stands first in milk production, with 112.5 million tons of milk produced in 2009-2010.[80]
2010 Nutrition Statistics National obesity rates in the country are reported at 14% for women and 18% for men with some urban areas having rates as high as 40%.[81]
2010 Food Infrastructure It is estimated that only about 35% of agricultural land in India is reliably irrigated.[82]
2011 Food Workforce The agricultural sector workforce in the Indian subcontinent is composed by a 75 percent of women.[83]
2011 Nutrition Intake Study shows the average Indian having a daily calories intake of 2,458. Their daily diet consists of 34% produce (450g), 32% grains (416g), 18% eggs and dairy (235g), 10% sugar and fat (129g), 2% meat (29g) and 4% as other (58g).[11]
2012 Food Production The national production from horticulture exceeds grain output for the first time.[84]
2012 Nutrition Statistics India is firmly established among the world's most hunger-ridden countries, with 21% of its population undernourished, nearly 44% of under-5 children underweight and 7% of them dying before they reach five years. Only Congo, Chad, Ethiopia or Burundi, are in worse conditions, but India situation is worse than Sudan, North Korea, Pakistan or Nepal.[85]
2013 Food Production India becomes the second largest producer of horticultural products after China, with a total horticulture produce reaching 277.4 million metric tons.[86] During the fiscal year, the exported horticulture products worthed nearly double the value of the 2010 exports.[86]
2013 Nutrition Policy The Parliament of India enacts the National Food Security Act, 2013 (Also called as the Right to Food Act), in order to provide the Right to food to every citizen of the country. This legislation seeks to provide subsidized food grains to approximately two thirds of India's 1.33 billion population.[87][88][89]
2013 Food Production India stands as the world's largest dairy herd (composed of cows and buffaloes), at over 304 million strong.[80]
2013–2017 Food Production Agrifood start-ups in India receive funding of US$ 1.66 billion in 558 deals in the period.[90]
2014 Food Production According to statistics by the FAO, India is the world's largest producer of many fresh fruits like banana, mango, guava, papaya, lemon and vegetables like chickpea, okra and milk, major spices like chili pepper, ginger, fibrous crops such as jute, staples such as millets and castor oil seed. India is the second largest producer of wheat and rice, which are the world's major food staples.[91]
2014 Nutrition Intake Study on Indian vegetarian diets conclude that, overall, these are found to be adequate to sustain nutritional demands according to recommended dietary allowances with less fat. However, lower vitamin B12 bio-availability remains a concern and requires exploration of acceptable dietary sources for vegetarians.[92]
2014–2015 Food Production A reported 250 million tons of food grain are produced in the country, this time becoming a net food exporter.[13]
2014–2017 Food Infrastructure Agriculture storage capacity in India increases at 4 % compound Annual Growth Rate between in the period, reaching 131.8 million metric tons.[90]
2015 Food Policy The Government of India launches the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana as a national mission to improve farm productivity and ensure better utilization of the resources in the country. An amount of Rs 50,000 crore (US$ 7.7 billion) is invested for development of irrigation sources for providing a permanent solution from drought.[90][93]
2015 Nutrition Statistics According to study, India accounts for the highest number of deaths of children with 50% of such deaths caused by malnutrition.[94]
2015 Nutrition Study IMRB International releases results of its Protein Consumption in the Diet of Adult Indians Survey, and reports that nine out of 10 Indians consume less than adequate proteins daily, and that 91% of the vegetarians and 85% of the non-vegetarians are deficient.[95]
2016 Food Organization The Electronic National Agriculture Market (eNAM) is launched to create a unified national market for agricultural commodities by networking existing Agricultural produce market committees.[90]
2016 Food Organization The Government of India establishes the Farmers Commission to completely evaluate the agriculture program.[96]
2016 Food Statistics As of date, agriculture accounts for 23% of the Indian GDP, and employs 59% of the country's total workforce.[97]
2016 Food Program launch The Indian Government launches a number of programs to double farmers’ incomes by 2022.[13]
2017 Nutrition Statistics The 2017 Global Hunger Index (GHI) Report by the International Food Policy Research Institute ranks India 100th out of 118 countries with a serious hunger situation. Amongst South Asian nations, India ranks third behind only Afghanistan and Pakistan with a GHI score of 29.0 ("serious situation").[98]
2018 Nutrition Statistics The 2018 Global Hunger Index Report ranks India 103rd out of 119 countries with a serious issue of child wasting. At least one in five children under the age of five years in India are wasted.[99]
2018 Food Production Indian Tea Giant Goodricke Group parent Camellia Plc becomes the world's largest private tea producer producing 103 million kgs.[100]
2018 Food Policy The Agriculture Export Policy is approved by Government of India, with aims at increasing the agricultural exports to US$ 60 billion by 2022 and US$ 100 billion in the next few years with a stable trade policy regime.[90]
2018 Food The first mega food park in Rajasthan is inaugurated.[90]

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References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Indian cuisine". foodhistory.pbworks.com. Retrieved 20 September 2019. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Achaya, K.T. The Story of Our Food. 
  3. ↑ Chapman, Pat (2009). India: Food & Cooking: The Ultimate Book on Indian Cuisine. New Holland Publishers. p. 256. ISBN 978-1845376192. 
  4. ↑ "HYDERBADI INDIAN CUISINE". masala-art.com. Retrieved 20 September 2019. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "19th century Indian diet: rice fights wheat". downtoearth.org.in. Retrieved 8 August 2019. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "The british regime in india did supply the irrigation". coursehero.com. Retrieved 11 August 2019. 
  7. ↑ Maddison, A. (1970), The historical origins of Indian poverty, PSL Quarterly Review, 23(92), pp. 31-81.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Robinson, Guy M.; Carson, Doris A. Handbook on the Globalisation of Agriculture. 
  9. ↑ "The evolution of nutrition policies: Evidence from India". foodsecurityportal.org. Retrieved 10 July 2019. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "How Agriculture 2.0 will transform India?". medium.com. Retrieved 2 August 2019. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 "50 Years of Food in India: Changing Eating Habits of a Rapidly Changing Nation (of Foodies)!". thebetterindia.com. Retrieved 10 July 2019. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 "Agriculture". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 3 August 2019. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 "Nutrition And Food Security". in.one.un.org. Retrieved 10 July 2019. 
  14. ↑ "Nutrition and malnutrition in india". Google Trends. Retrieved 16 February 2021. 
  15. ↑ "Malnutrition in India and China". Google Trends. Retrieved 16 February 2021. 
  16. ↑ Gupta, page 57
  17. ↑ Nagarajan, Muniyandi; Nimisha, Koodali; Kumar, Satish. "Mitochondrial DNA Variability of Domestic River Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Populations: Genetic Evidence for Domestication of River Buffalo in Indian Subcontinent". PMC 4453062Freely accessible. PMID 25900921. doi:10.1093/gbe/evv067. 
  18. ↑ Venkata, Boggavarapu; Rama Sharma, Visweswara Sita. The Study of Cow in Sanskrit Literature. 
  19. ↑ Curry, Spice & All Things Nice: Dawn of History
  20. ↑ The Mystery of Curry
  21. ↑ "Coconut Oil History". rudanetrading.com.au. Retrieved 24 September 2019. 
  22. ↑ Sauer, Jonathan D. (1993). Historical geography of crop plants : a select roster. Boca Raton u.a.: CRC Press. p. 17. ISBN 0849389011. 
  23. ↑ "National Fruit". knowindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2 August 2019. 
  24. ↑ "A Foodie's Guide to the History of Ghee". wisechoicemarket.com. Retrieved 20 September 2019. 
  25. ↑ "Farming in India". toppr.com. Retrieved 3 August 2019. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 "Indian food history – spices and sugar in ancient India". quatr.us. Retrieved 10 July 2019. 
  27. ↑ "Ancient Indian Cooking Methods". oureverydaylife.com. Retrieved 23 September 2019. 
  28. ↑ 75 Exciting Vegetables For Your Garden, Jack E. Staub, Ellen Buchert, Gibbs Smith, 2005, Template:ISBN, ... Ancient varieties of okra can still be found growing wild from Ethiopia to the White Nile in Egypt, and this interesting food plant is believed to have originated in Ethiopia. In the absence of any ancient Indian names for it, modern botanists believe it found its way to India ... about AD 200 ...
  29. ↑ "FAMINE". theodora.com. Retrieved 17 June 2020. 
  30. ↑ "THE MUSLIM PERIOD". cultural.maharashtra.gov.in. Retrieved 17 June 2020. 
  31. ↑ "In parched Marathwada, farmers are finally turning away from water-intensive sugarcane". scroll.in. Retrieved 17 June 2020. 
  32. ↑ DK. Timelines of History: The Ultimate Visual Guide to the Events That Shaped the World. 
  33. ↑ "A Millennium of Monsoon Failures, Droughts and Famines". island.lk. Retrieved 17 June 2020. 
  34. ↑ "Tamarindus indica L.". indiabiodiversity.org. Retrieved 20 September 2019. 
  35. ↑ "TAMARIND: A HISTORY AND INSIGHT". herbies.com.au. Retrieved 20 September 2019. 
  36. ↑ 75 Exciting Vegetables For Your Garden, Jack E. Staub, Ellen Buchert, Gibbs Smith, 2005, pp. 126, Template:ISBN, .India, hot peppers were dispersed by the earliest explorers to the Iberian Peninsula ... being cultivated in India by the sixteenth century, with three varieties growing in India by 1542 ...
  37. ↑ Evolutionary Studies in World Crops: Diversity and Change in the Indian Subcontinent (Joseph Hutchinson ed.). 
  38. ↑ "Culinary Terms". indianetzone.com. Retrieved 24 September 2019. 
  39. ↑ Business India. 
  40. ↑ India - History of Irrigation FAO - United Nations (2014)
  41. ↑ Nitin Aant, Gokhale (1998). The hot brew: the Assam tea industry's most turbulent decade, 1987–1997. Spectrum Publications. p. 4. ISBN 978-81-85319-82-7. 
  42. ↑ Vegetable Crops. New India Publishing. 1 January 2007. p. 209. ISBN 978-81-89422-41-7. 
  43. ↑ Roy 2006, p. 361
  44. ↑ Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III 1907, p. 488
  45. ↑ Fieldhouse 1996, p. 132 Quote: "In the later nineteenth century, there was a series of disastrous crop failures in India leading not only to starvation but to epidemics. Most were regional, but the death toll could be huge. Thus, to take only some of the worst famines for which the death rate is known, some 800,000 died in the North West Provinces, Punjab, and Rajasthan in 1837–38; perhaps 2 million in the same region in 1860–61; nearly a million in different areas in 1866–67; 4.3 million in widely spread areas in 1876–78, an additional 1.2 million in the North West Provinces and Kashmir in 1877–78; and, worst of all, over 5 million in a famine that affected a large population of India in 1896–97. In 1899–1900 more than a million were thought to have died, conditions being worse because of the shortage of food following the famines only two years earlier. Thereafter the only major loss of life through famine was in 1943 under exceptional wartime conditions.(p. 132)"
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 De Waal, Alexander. Famine Crimes: Politics & the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa. 
  47. ↑ TROTT, SANGEETA; SOPLE, VINOD V. BRAND EQUITY: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE. 
  48. ↑ "Parle". parleproducts.com. Retrieved 2 August 2019. 
  49. ↑ M.H. Suryanarayana. "Nutritional Norms for Poverty: Issues and Implications" (PDF). Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research. Retrieved 1 July 2019. 
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Economic Environment of Business and Environmental Management. 
  51. ↑ Sen, Amartya. Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. 
  52. ↑ Paul, Samuel. Managing Development Programs: The Lessons Of Success. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 53.4 53.5 53.6 53.7 53.8 "Historical perspective of food management in India". fao.org. Retrieved 10 July 2019. 
  54. ↑ "A Tandoor Oven Brings India's Heat to the Backyard". nytimes.com. Retrieved 20 September 2019. 
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 "IRRIGATION IN INDIA". fao.org. Retrieved 10 July 2019. 
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 "TECHNICAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE, 1952–2000". encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 3 August 2019. 
  57. ↑ "Satyajit Ray was not apolitical, says Aparna Sen". business-standard.com. Retrieved 3 August 2019. 
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 58.3 58.4 "Livestock and Poultry". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 3 August 2019. 
  59. ↑ Thorpe, Edgar; Thorpe, Showick. The Pearson General Studies Manual 2009, 1/e. 
  60. ↑ "Food Production, History Of". encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 10 July 2019. 
  61. ↑ "An overview of sunflower in India". krishisewa.com. Retrieved 24 September 2019. 
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 "India largest milk producing nation in 2010-11: NDDB". Hindustan Times. 2011-12-20. Archived from the original on 2012-10-06. Retrieved 2012-09-09. 
  63. ↑ Katar Singh. Rural Development: Principles, Policies and Management. ISBN 81-7036-773-5. Retrieved 24 April 2017. 
  64. ↑ Venkatasubramanian, V.; Singh, A.K.; Rao, S. V. N. Dairy Development In India: An Appraisal Of Challenges And Achievements. 
  65. ↑ "From Here To Eternity". bonn.in. Retrieved 2 August 2019. 
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 "Crops". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 3 August 2019. 
  67. ↑ Gulati, 15
  68. ↑ "Fishing". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 3 August 2019. 
  69. ↑ "Review Article Open Access A Comparative Study of Nutritional Status in Government vs. Private School Children". omicsonline.org. Retrieved 8 August 2019. 
  70. ↑ "Fabindia acquires a 40% stake in Organic India". economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 3 August 2019. 
  71. ↑ "Rapid growth of select Asian economies". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2009. 
  72. ↑ "Brief history of wheat improvement in India". Directorate of Wheat Research, ICAR India. 2011. 
  73. ↑ "Sameer Mehra". events.vccircle.com. Retrieved 3 August 2019. 
  74. ↑ "NFHS-3 Nutritional Status of Adults". Retrieved 2009-11-26. 
  75. ↑ Rieff, David (11 October 2009). "India's Malnutrition Dilemma". Source: The New York Times 2009. Retrieved 2011-09-20. 
  76. ↑ "nfsm". nfsm.gov. Retrieved 10 July 2019. 
  77. ↑ Sengupta, Somini (22 June 2008). "The Food Chain in Fertile India, Growth Outstrips Agriculture". New York Times. Retrieved 23 April 2010. 
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 "Country Rank in the World, by commodity". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2011. 
  79. ↑ These are food and agriculture classification groups. For definition with list of botanical species covered under each classification, consult FAOSTAT of the United Nations; Link: http://faostat.fao.org/site/384/default.aspx
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 "Annual Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-07-21. Retrieved 2015-12-20. 
  81. ↑ "India in grip of obesity epidemic". The Times of India. 12 November 2010. Retrieved 14 February 2012. 
  82. ↑ Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land) The World Bank (2013)
  83. ↑ Singh, Roopam; Sengupta, Ranja (2009). "EU FTA and the Likely Impact on Indian Women Executive Summary." Centre for Trade and Development and Heinrich Boell Foundation.
  84. ↑ "India's horticulture output at a record high, despite drought and freak rains". livemint.com. Retrieved 2 August 2019. 
  85. ↑ "Superpower? 230 million Indians go hungry daily". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 1 July 2019. 
  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 Deficit rains spare horticulture, record production expected Livemint, S Bera, Hindustan Times (January 19, 2015)
  87. ↑ "National Food Security Act" (PDF). PRS Legislative Research. 
  88. ↑ "Press Information Bureau". Retrieved 5 January 2018. 
  89. ↑ "Food Security Act To Be Implemented From July 5". BTVI.in. Retrieved 3 August 2019. 
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 90.2 90.3 90.4 90.5 "Agriculture in India: Information About Indian Agriculture & Its Importance". ibef.org. Retrieved 10 July 2019. 
  91. ↑ "FAOSTAT, 2014 data". Faostat.fao.org. Retrieved 2011-09-17. 
  92. ↑ Shridhar, Krithiga; Dhillon, Preet Kaur; Bowen, Liza; Kinra, Sanjay; Venkatsubbareddy Bharathi, Ankalmadugu; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj; Srinath Reddy, Kolli; Ebrahim, Shah. "Nutritional profile of Indian vegetarian diets – the Indian Migration Study (IMS)". PMC 4055802Freely accessible. PMID 24899080. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-13-55. Retrieved 5 September 2019. 
  93. ↑ "Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana". india.gov.in. Retrieved 2 August 2019. 
  94. ↑ "India has highest number of deaths of children under five". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 8 August 2019. 
  95. ↑ "9 of 10 Indians lack adequate protein, Mumbaikars score high". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 5 September 2019. 
  96. ↑ "Farmers Commission". Archived from the original on 11 May 2010. Retrieved 23 November 2009. 
  97. ↑ "BENCHMARK REPORT 2017 – INDI" (PDF). World Travel and Tourism Council. Retrieved 11 April 2018. 
  98. ↑ "2015 Global Hunger Index Report" (PDF). International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 
  99. ↑ "India ranks 103 on global hunger index". economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 1 July 2019. 
  100. ↑ Rakshit, Ishita Ayan Dutt & Avishek (18 April 2019). "Goodricke parent Camellia becomes the world's largest private tea producer" – via Business Standard. 
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