Difference between revisions of "Timeline of quantified self"

Latest revision as of 20:17, 6 March 2024

This is a timeline of quantified self, attempting to describe significant or illustrative events in the history of the movement and associated technologies.

Sample questions

The following are some interesting questions that can be answered by reading this timeline:

What are some of the varied quantified self functions covered in this timeline?
- Sort the full timeline by "Function/domain (when applicable)"
- You will mostly see functions such as fitness and health tracking, but also other personal data tracking functions and functions of background technologies.
What are some concepts related to cuantified self and when were they conceived?
- Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Concept development".
- You will read terms such as 'personal informatics', 'lively data', and 'quantified self'.
What are some notable or illustrative quantified self services launched in the market?
- Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Service launch".
- You will see a number of software applications and the different services they offer within the quantified self market.
What are some notable or illustrative quantified self devices launched in the market?
- Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Device launch".
What are some technological advances that fueled the development of quantified self?
- Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Background technology".
- You will see events describing the launch of milestone technologies, such as GPS and Bluetooth.
What are some artistic expressions and designs related to the concept of quantified self?
- Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Art and design".
- You will see some artistic and design expressions exploring aspects of quantified self.
What are some events describing demographical aspects of the quantified self movement and practices?
- Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Demographics".
- You will see events discriminating the use of quantified self technologies among genders and ethnic groups.
What are some notable publications specializing in the topic of quantified self?
- Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Literature".
- You will see some publications elaborating on topics ranging from effective use self-tracking data and technology, to discussions on social, cultural, political, and economical aspects of quantified self.

Other events are described under the following types: "Conference", "Notable case", "Notable comment", "Security", "Statistics", "Trend growth", and "Website launch".

Big picture

Time period	Development summary	More details
Ancient times	Early ideas	Monitoring, measuring and recording elements of one's body and life as a form of self-improvement or self-reflection is already discussed in ancient times.^[1]
Latter half of the 20th century onwards	Early technologies	The Digital Revolution introduces technologies that facilitate tracking practices, leading to renewed interest in self-tracking.^[1] The 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s introduce multiple background technologies that would be used for quantified self, such as the biosensor, GPS, and Bluetooth and Wi-Fi later in the century. The term database is introduced in the 1960s. In the 1970s, the idea of quantified self becomes technically envisioned.^[2] In the 1990s, people start experimenting with lifelogging techniques and wearable computing devices.^[1] In the same decade, Telehealth and telemedicine technologies are introduced, involving computerized devices located within patients' homes to facilitate remote monitoring of their bodies.^[1]
21st century	Consolidation	The term quantified self is invented in 2007 by Gary Wolf and Kevin Kelly, both who start the Quantified Self movement in the same year.^[3] In the second decade of the century, large companies such as Apple, Samsung and Google launch wearable devices with self tracking functions. Today, the smartphone has become a repository of the self, and an increasing number of apps are being brought onto the market, enabling smartphones to record fitness, health, and others kinds of personal data.^[4]

Full timeline

Year	Month and date (approximately)	Event type	Function/domain (when applicable)	Details	Location/launch base
1945		Notable comment	Lifelogging	American presidential science advisor Vannevar Bush publishes an essay asserting his belief that humans' ability to remember could be enhanced by technology. In this essay, Bush introduces his idea of the Memex, a mechanized device in which people could store all their documents, records, books, letters and memos. People could wear small cameras on their foreheads to capture details of their daily lives and add them to the Memex archive.^[1]	United States
1962		Background technology	Chemical substance tracking	American biochemist Leland C. Clark and Champ Lyons invent the first biosensor.^[5]	United States
1972–1997		Notable case	Lifelogging	American lifelogger was Robert Shields manages to manually record 25 years of his life from 1972 to 1997, at 5-minute intervals. This record would result in a 37-million word diary, thought to be the longest ever written.^[6]	United States
1978		Background technology	Facial expression recognition	The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is created by American psychologist Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen. Based on earlier work by Swedish anatomist Carl-Herman Hjortsjö, FACS is a system to taxonomize human facial movements by their appearance on the face.^[7]	Ubnited States
1978		Background technology	Position tracking	The first Global Positioning System (GPS) prototype spacecraft is launched, introducing this technology.^[8]	United States
1980		Background technology	Heart rate monitoring	The first wireless electrocardiograph is invented.^[9]
1998	May	Background technology	Data transmission	Bluetooth is introduced. This wireless mechanism is essential for data transmission from wearable tracking devices and sensor readers to the smartphone.^[10]	United States
1998		Notable case	Lifelogging	Using digital technologies, American electrical engineer Gordon Bell starts recording as many aspects of his life as possible, including all his correspondence and documents, books he has read, photos, home movies and videos, computer files, mementos, meetings, conversations and phone calls. In 2000, he would start wearing a camera, and in 2002, BodyMedia, an early health-tracking armband.^[1]	United States
1998	September 12	Background technology	Internet access	Wi-Fi is introduced, allowing high-speed data transfer over short distances.^[11]
1999		Background technology	Health tracking	The concept of eHealth is introduced as a healthcare practice supported by electronic processes and communication.^[12]^[13]
1999		Concept development	Data transmission	The concept of Internet of Things is introduced.^[14]
2001		Research	Lifelogging	MyLifeBits launches as a life-logging experiment. It is a Microsoft Research project inspired by Vannevar Bush's hypothetical Memex computer system. The "experimental subject" of the project is computer scientist Gordon Bell, and the project consists in trying to collect a lifetime of storage on and about Bell.^[15]	United States
2002		Art and design	Data repurposing	British designer and researcher Lucy Kimbell creates a performance art piece entitled ‘LIX Index’ that involves her uploading 50 pieces of her personal data into a database, and producing a weekly index from these disparate sources of data. These data pieces include such elements as her bank balance, hours spent outdoors, the air temperature where she lives, conversations with friends and family, tweets, orgasms, physical activity and intellectual stimulation.^[1]^[16]^[17]	United Kingdom
2004	January 1^[18]	Service launch	Workplace wellness	Richard Branson’s Virgin Group launches Virgin Pulse, a platform that offers both productivity-, health- and fitness-tracking programs for workers, including wearable fitness, diet, weight, sleep and work commitment trackers.^[19]
2005		Service launch	Fitness tracking	MyFitnessPal is launched. It is a health smartphone app that tracks nutrition, exercise, and diet. In 2020, MyFitnessPal would be acquired by Francisco Partners for US$345 million.^[20]	United States
2006	April	Organization	Direct-to-consumer genetic testing	23andMe is founded. Based in Sunnyvale, California, it is a publicly held personal genomics and biotechnology company best known for providing a direct-to-consumer genetic testing service in which customers provide a saliva sample that is laboratory analysed, using single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping, to generate reports relating to the customer's ancestry and genetic predispositions to health-related topics.^[21]^[22]	United States
2006		Concept development		In the context of sociomateralism literature, Marcus describes the concept of 'assemblage' as configured when humans, nonhumans, practices, ideas and discourses come together in a complex system. Interactions of humans and digital nonhumans configure several different types of assemblage, such as one consisting in the human-body–device–sensor–software–data configuration that is generated when people use a digital device to monitor and measure their physical activities.^[1]^[23]
2006	August 24	Background technology	Data storing	Amazon.com releases its Elastic Compute Cloud product. Cloud computing starts being popularized.^[24]	United States
2007	January 15	Service launch	Reading tracking	Goodreads is founded. It is a mobile and web app that allows its users to find, share, recommend, read, and review the books they like. In 2013, it would be acquired by Amazon.^[25] As of 2021, Goodreads is the world’s largest site for readers and book recommendations.^[26]	United States
2007	January 28	Service launch	Task managing	Todoist is founded. It keeps track of tasks, projects, and goals in one simple place, synching across all the users devices and integrating with all their favorite apps.^[27]
2007	March 26	Device launch	Fitness tracking	American consumer electronics and fitness company Fitbit is founded. It produces activity trackers, smartwatches, wireless-enabled wearable technology devices that measure data such as the number of steps walked, heart rate, quality of sleep, steps climbed, and other personal metrics involved in fitness.^[28]	United States
2007	April 1	Service launch	Productivity monitoring	RescueTime is launched. Based in Seattle, Washington, it is a web-based time management tool that keeps track of what the user does and for how long when they are on their computer. Productivity-monitoring devices and software are becoming a feature of many workplaces.^[29]	United States
2007		Research	Lifelogging	Rob Kitchin and Martin Dodge suggest that lifeloggers "should not try to achieve the total recording of as many details of their lives as they can, as is proposed by the ideal of lifelogging. Instead, as a way of evading surveillance and the appropriation of their personal details by others, lifeloggers should seek to achieve only a partial record, by using devices that block the recording of some details or record others only imperfectly". They also suggest that "an ethics of forgetting" should be incorporated into the design of lifelogging devices and software as part of allowing people to forget some aspects of their lives and to evade the close surveillance of their lives exerted by others. People should be able to "dupe the log" in order to "unsettle the authenticity of the record".^[1]
2007		Research	General	American sociologist Sherry Turkle describes what she calls "evocative objects", devices that carry and convey memories and emotions and remind us of our histories and social relationships. "They bear the marks of our bodies as we touch and handle them. They are also invested with images of our bodies and of significant others (photographs and videos) that we may take or store in their memories. Devices that are endowed with self-tracking equipment also generate, process and archive highly personal information about our bodies' functions, movements and geolocation."^[1]	United States
2007		Concept development	General	The term 'quantified self' is proposed in San Francisco by Wired magazine editors Gary Wolf and Kevin Kelly as "a collaboration of users and tool makers who share an interest in self knowledge through self-tracking."^[30]^[31]	United States
2007	September 25	Website launch	General	`quantifiedself.com` is registered.^[32] Set up by Gary Wolf and Kevin Kelly, the website provides discussion forums, supports regional meetings of members and two annual international conferences, and publishes a blog covering self-tracking aspects and strategies.^[1]
2007		Organization		The Quantified Self movement is founded by Gary Wolf and Kevin Kelly. This ovement aims to explore ‘what new tools of self-tracking are good for’ and ‘to create an environment where this question can be explored on a human level’. At the beginning, the community is limited to a Bay Area Quantified Self Meetup Group. Since then the movement would gain huge momentum, and hundreds of QS meetup groups worldwide would be formed.^[33]^[34]^[35]	United States
2007	December 1	Device launch	Fitness tracking	Nintendo launches the Wii Fit, an exergaming video game that incorporates sensors that are abe to configure body metrics as part of the games it offers.^[36]	Japan
2009		Device launch		Philips releases Fractals, a prototype consisting in digital jewelry or scarf arrangements that are designed to be a hybrid between clothing and jewelry. Using light-emitting diode (LED) configurations to display data, these objects sense bodily changes of the wearer as well as the proximity of others' bodies.^[37]	Netherlands
2009	February	Literature		David Ewing Duncan publishes Experimental Man: What One Man's Body Reveals about His Future, Your Health, and Our Toxic World.^[38]
2009	June 22	Literature (article)		Gary Wolf publishes on `wired.com` an article entitled Know thyself: Tracking every facet of life, from sleep to mood and pain, 24/7/365, which seeks to explain the concept of the quantified self.^[39]
2009	August 18	Service launch	Fitness tracking	American internet service company Strava launches as an internet service for tracking human exercise. It incorporates social network features. The app uses self-tracked data from a number of compatible GPS devices. Once a run or bicycle ride has been completed, users can upload the details of their route so as to quantify and analyze their performance.^[1]^[40]	United States
2010	January	Concept development		The term 'personal informatics' is first coined by Ian Li and his colleagues as “a class of applications to help people collect and reflect on personal information”.^[41]^[42]	United States
2010	April 28	Literature (article)		Gary Wolf writes an article in the topic of quantified self, entitled The Data-Driven Life, which described the growing movement of people seeking a deeper knowledge of themselves through tracking sleep, exercise, sex, food, location, and productivity.^[43]
2011	May	Conference		The first Quantified Self international conference is held in Mountain View, California.^[44]	United States
2011	June	Art and design		Microsoft introduces its prototype "The Printing Dress", an electronic textile that explores the notion of wearable text.^[45]^[46]	United States
2011		Concept development		Rob Kitchin and Martin Dodge use the term ‘code/space’ to denote the ways in which software and devices such as mobile phones and sensors are configuring concepts of space and identity. They argue that the production of space is increasingly dependent on code, and code is written to produce space. Examples of code/space include airport check-in areas, networked offices, and cafés that are transformed into workspaces by laptops and wireless access.^[47]
2011	November	Conference		The first European Quantified Self (QS) conference is conducted in Amsterdam.^[44]	Netherlands
2012	January 19	Device launch	Fitness tracking	Nike introduces the Nike+ FuelBand, an activity tracker worn on the wrist and compatible with iPhone, iPad, or Android devices.^[48]
2012	April	Literature	Fitness tracking	Bruce W. Perry publishes Fitness for Geeks: Real Science, Great Nutrition, and Good Health, which, among other things, examines apps and widgets for self-tracking various fitness issues.^[49]
2012		Trend growth	Position tracking	Pendyala and Bhat describe a new era of place-based study, ushered in by the development of relatively low-cost, portable geographic positioning system (GPS) technologies.^[50]
2012		Art and design		In an exhibition entitled ‘Stranger Visions’, Heather Dewey-Hagborg creates portrait sculptures from the analysis of human genetic material that she collected from public places: specifically, DNA that had been left on cigarette butts discarded in the streets. Using elements of the genomic profile that was created from this DNA, Dewey-Hagborg manages to print out a 3D model of the person's face, in an attempt to imagine his or her appearance. The intention is to provoke audiences into contemplating the possibility that people's DNA could be taken from detritus that they had unknowingly left behind and their identity inspected.^[1]	Ireland
2012	September 28	Organization		The Quantified Self Institute is officially founded as an academic research institute in the Netherlands by the Hanze University of Applied Sciences, in collaboration with the Quantified Self Labs.^[44]^[1]
2012	September	Conference		The third Quantified Self (QS) conference is held at Stanford University, with over 400 attendees.^[33]^[51]	United States
2012	October	Demographics		As of date, the Quantified Self community comprises 70 worldwide meetup groups with 5,000 participants having attended 120 events since the community formed in 2008.^[33]	Worldwide
2012	October	Statistics	General	As of date, the Quantified Self web site lists over 500 tools, mostly concerning exercise, weight, health, and goal achievement.^[33]
2012	Year round	Literature		By this time, news articles represent quantified self practices as growing in popularity and becoming not only an important feature of health promotion but a part of everyday life, as a way of maximizing productivity and happiness as well as health.^[1]
2013	January 28	Demographics		A Pew Research Center survey reports that women and men are equally likely to engage in self-tracking, and that African Americans are more likely than non-Hispanic whites or Latinos to do so.^[52]	United States
2013	April 11	Service launch	Fitness tracking, teaching assistant	Finnish sports instruments manufacturer Polar Electro launches Polar GoFit, an app with a set of heart-rate sensors expressly designed for physical education teachers as a monitoring tool for students' physical activities during lessons.^[53]^[1]	Finland
2013	May	Service launch	Pregnancy testing	Ukrainian-American software engineer Max Levchin introduces Glow, a mobile app that tracks women's fertility cycles. Aimed at couples looking to conceive, the app uses machine learning to identify trends among its female users, prods women to regularly input several data points, such as the time of the menstrual cycle, emotional discomfort, weight, and other details of their physical state.^[54]
2013	June	Literature (article)	General	British newspaper The Guardian asserts that 'The "Quantified Self" movement [is] all the rage for people tracking their physical activity, food intake, vital signs and even their personal genome through digital services'.^[1]
2013		Background technology	Data transmission	By this time, the Internet of Things has evolved into to a system using multiple technologies, ranging from the Internet to wireless communication and from microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to embedded systems, and supported by traditional fields of automation (including the automation of buildings and homes), wireless sensor networks, GPS, control systems, and others.^[14]
2013		Research	Fitness/health tracking	Study by Dennison and colleagues interviewing young English users of self-tracking health and fitness apps shows that they don't want other people to know about their use, because it represents them as weak or vulnerable, in need of the assistance of such apps to achieve behavior change. Therefore, sharing their self-monitored information with friends or family members would position them as embarrasing and socially undesirable.^[55]	United Kingdom
2013		Concept development	Data production	Michael Savage uses the term 'lively data' in an article, to denote the constant generation of large masses of digital data as part of the digital data economy, and the implications of this practice for sociological research methods.^[1]
2013		Service launch	Fitness tracking	PumpUp launches as an app directed at social fitness status updates. It offers users a photo-based social network on which they can share photos of themselves after tough workouts, healthy meals, or other health-related activities, so as to visualize progress.^[56]
2013	October 25	Art and design		An exhibition at Trinity College Dublin entitled ‘Grow Your Own: Life after Nature’ is aimed to invite people to consider the implications of synthetic biology. The projects present ‘living machines’ that result from collaborations between engineers, scientists, designers, artists and biohackers. The exhibition proposes questions that are central to understanding self-tracking cultures and practices, such as ‘how might designed life merge into our own? Where is the boundary between our things and our selves; the designed products that we consume, and our own bodies and identities?’.^[1]^[57]	Ireland
2014	March	Device launch	Multifunction	Sony launches the SmartBand SWR10, a digital wristband designed to be worn day and night. It measures sleep cycle to wake the user at the ideal time. It also notifies the user with vibrations about incoming calls, texts, and Facebook and Twitter activity.^[58]	Japan
2014	April	Market	General	Amazon launches the Wearable Technology Web Store, a page aimed to facilitate for customers to browse the latest wearables from a wide variety of vendors, learn more about products of interest and eventually make a more informed purchase.^[59]	United States
2014	April 26	Demographics	General	Study published on the Quantified Self website reports that American middle-class white men with high levels of digital technological know-how are perhaps the more public face of self-tracking. The largest group of self-trackers in this study were monitoring health-related factors such as physical activity, food consumption, weight, and mood. A group comprised of software engineers and students are found to be interested in tracking work productivity and cognitive performance. Others are found to want to have new life experiences through self-tracking, which they considered to be a form of experimenting.^[60]
2014	May 21	Service launch	Weight, movement, nutrition tracking	Wellness & Prevention, a division of Johnson & Johnson, launches self-tracking app Track Your Health, which allows users to track and aggregate data, set goals, and visualize their weight, movement and nutrition progress in the form of charts.^[61]	United States
2014		Art and design	Heart rate monitoring	Khot, Lee, Munz, Aggarwal, and Mueller describe a prototype system called TastyBeats, which consists in creating a unique, personalised drink by using heart-beat data from an individual engaged in physical activity. The height of the jet of the drink fountain used and the flavours that are produced for the drink are influenced by the heart rate of the individuals who contribute their data. This work attempts to expand the view of visualizing physical activity beyond virtual screen by providing a real-time and interactive visualization of heart beat data. The TastyBeats system may be used to construct personalized energy drinks that can customize the contents on the basis of the physical activity data of each user.^[62]^[1]
2014		Project	Heart rate monitoring	Khot, Pennings and Mueller develop a project named ‘Edi-Pulse’, which transforms self-tracked heart-rate data into 3D chocolate materializations, with the purpose to reward people for engaging in physical activity with a chocolate that represents the level of exertion to which they have engaged in it. The energy expended in exercise is converted into food energy, which then acts to create more energy in the body.^[1]
2014		Art and design	Blood-pressure monitoring	Design researcher Stephen Barrass uses a technique called acoustic sonification with the purpose to render personal self-tracked data into objects. Using his own data from a year of blood-pressure monitoring, Barrass manages to produce a version of a Tibetan singing bowl. Barrass argues that not only can people see and hear this physical manifestation of their blood-pressure readings, they can also use the sound as a reflective stimulus that helps them calm their bodies and therefore reduce high blood pressure. This data object can therefore act as both a representation of personal data and an intervention in the type of data that are subsequently generated.^[63]^[1]
2014		Research		Khot, Hjorth and Mueller introduce a system which consists in a number of households that use different material manifestations of their physical activity. These artefacts include a 3D graph of heart-rate data, a flower shape where the length and width of the petals represent heart-rate duration and intensity, a frog shape that changes in size according to the amount of physical activity carried out during one day, a die representing the six zones of heart-beat data, and a ring displaying the number of active hours in a day. The participants are supplied with a digital heart-rate monitor, an iPod Touch endowed with an app for collecting the data, and a 3D printer for their homes to print out the artefacts from their data. The researchers find that viewing and handling the objects helps people gain a sense of their bodily data and illustrates different levels of engagement with these data. They conclude from their investigations: ‘we envision people crafting their world with moments from their lives, using data that was [sic] previously only seen in digital form but now re-entering their physical world in an embodied material form’ The researchers conclude that the emotional connections that people had with their personal data were strengthened by the ability to handle these objects.^[64]^[1]	Australia
2014		Demographics	Fitness tracking	Study by Nielsen reports that women are more likely to wear fitness bands than men, and also more likely to use other specialized mobile health devices. He also reports that owners of wearable devices are more likely to have a high household income, particularly fitness-band owners.^[65]
2014		Concept development	Data production	Elwell argues that, instead of 'Internet of Things', we should be referring to the 'Internet od Life', in relation to the increassing masses of digital data on a greater number of elements of human life.^[66]
2014		Art and design	Lifelogging	An exhibition of artistic responses to lifelogging is held at Chicago's Elmhurst Art Museum. It includes people using photographic or painted self-portraits, the market and sentimental value of objects they own or things they carry while travelling and translated longitude and latitude data of their daily spatial location into kinetic sculptures or weather data into woven sculptures and musical scores.^[1]	United States
2014		Research		Intel Research anthropologists Dawn Nafus and Jamie Sherman conduct in ethnographic fieldwork with members of the Quantified Self movement, seeking to document the beliefs and practices underpinning this organization. The researchers discover that discourses of mindfulness and awareness of one's body and one's life were dominant at the Quantified Self Global Conference they attended. They also observe that QS movement members tend to combine technical, community, commercial and personal objectives and often have some kind of technological, academic or medical background. Against arguments that people who relinquish the use of self-tracking devices or practices are disaffected with them or do not find them useful, Nafus and Sherman suggest that people may do so because a new pattern of behaviour has become habituated, so that self-tracking is no longer required.^[67]	United States
2014		Research	Energy monitoring	Dawn Nafus investigates how people in London and West Coast United States use a digital home energy-monitoring system. Her interviews reveal the complexities involved in making sense of the kind of information that is created by sensor-based technologies. Among the findings, The interviews show that the more the people learnt about their home energy use, the more questions were raised for them about what else they should be monitoring or about how they could compare their data with other people's data in a useful manner.^[1]	United Kingdom, United States
2014		Research	Fitness tracking	In an attempt to investigate self-tracking cultures and practices empirically and from a more in-depth perspective, Minna Ruckenstein interviews Finnish people who volunteer to wear self-tracking devices continually for a one-week period, for monitoring their heart rates and their physical activity levels. Many of her study participants find the devices reassuring and regard them as benevolent supporters of their efforts to increase their physical activity and fitness. Ruckenstein finds that people who are already regular exercisers or have an interest in monitoring technologies are particularly drawn to participating in the research. The findings also reveal that, at least in the initial stages of wearing a device, people report feeling more aware of their bodies than usual, although some find wearing such devices annoying. Not all of the participants find the data generated from the devices useful or interesting, but some enjoy seeing and reflecting upon their data.^[1]	Finland
2014		Project	Microbial data monitoring	American synthetic biologist Christina Agapakis and Norwegian odor expert Sissel Tolaas reveal their ‘self-made’ human cheese project, which involves using human microbiota taken from the skin of several people to culture cheeses, each of which have developed from the specific microflora of these people. The exhibition displays these cheeses to the public and invites its members to smell the individual microbial projects. "Just as each human body has a unique microbial collection, so too the cheese that is made from each person's microbes emits a unique odour. This project therefore highlights the intersections between individual features of people's bodies – features of which they may not be overtly aware – and how these data – in this case, their unique skin microbial collection – may be converted into another material form and identified by others via the sense of smell."^[1]
2014		Research	Heart rate monitoring	Khot, Hjorth, and Mueller investigate the use of 3D printing to produce material artefacts that represent an individual's heart rate during physical exertion. "The idea of such artefacts is to encourage people to achieve greater awareness of their personal data and to engage in self-reflection upon being confronted with the material representation of these data".^[1]
2014	July	Device launch	Fitness tracking	A smart technology footwear is introduced in Hyderabad, India. The shoe insoles are connected to a smartphone application that uses Google Maps, and vibrate to tell users when and where to turn to reach their destination.^[68]^[69]^[70]^[71]	India
2014	July	Device launch	Emotion tracking	London-based Studio XO partners with Saatchi & Saatchi to create XOX, an emotional technology platform that allows brands and artists to track people's emotional states. XOX enables brands and artists to collect data on the emotional states of individuals in order to measure 'crowd excitement' so as to adjust products and services accordingly.The device is also advertised for people wearing it to be able to identify their own emotions. It consists in a wristband embedded with sensors that collects 'intimate data' on 'levels of excitement'.^[72]
2014	July 31	Security	General	A Forbes magazine report refers to research that finds that there are numerous data security risks associated with a large number of self-tracking apps and devices that were examined, which means that personal data uploaded to these technologies could easily be accessed by others and sold to third parties for commercial gain.^[1]
2014	August	Device launch	Biology, physiology tracking	Ralph Lauren announces launch of the 'Polo Tech Shirt', a compression shirt that reads biological and physiological information.^[73]
2014	September	Research	Fitness tracking	TechnologyResearch publishes results of an internet survey of U.S. residents, finding that a quarter of the respondents said that they used either a fitness-tracking device of a smartphone app to track their health, weight or exercise. Lack of interest and concern over cost were the primary reasons given by respondents who did not use those devices, although almost half of this group said that they would use a fitness-tracking device if it were recommended or prescribed by their doctor.^[74]
2014	October 28	Service launch	Fitness tracking	Google Fit launches. It is a health-tracking platform developed by Google for the Android operating system, Wear OS and Apple Inc.'s iOS. It uses sensors in a user's activity tracker or mobile device to record physical fitness activities (such as walking, cycling, etc.), which are measured against the user's fitness goals to provide a comprehensive view of their fitness.^[75]^[76]	United States
2015	January	Device launch	Fitness and sleep tracking	Jewelry company Swarovski, in partnership with Misfit, announces release of a crystal-encrusted fitness and sleep tracker.^[77]
2015	April	Device launch	Health tracking, fitness tracking	Apple releases its smartwatch, the Apple Watch, which serves the purpose as a wearable health- abd fitness- tracking device.^[78]	United States
2015		Art and design	Data repurposing	American data artist Laurie Frick develops her FRICKbits Data Art app, with the purpose to encourage self-trackers to turn their data "into art". Frick uses various materials for portraying the personal information she has collected on herself, including her ‘Floating Data’ project, which involves Frick's use of laser cut anodized aluminium panels to display the details of her walking data, which she describes as a ‘human data portrait’.^[1]	United States
2015		Art and design	Data sharing/repurposing	Giorgia Lupi and Stefanie Posavec conduct an analog data drawing project, consisting in collecting and hand drawing their personal data and sending it to each other in the form of postcards, eventually becoming friends. As an example of using analogue drawing techniques to represent personal data, each week, and for a year, they would collect and measure a particular type of data about their lives, use this data to make a drawing on a postcard-sized sheet of paper, and then drop the postcards in the boxes. They would share a blog to describe and represent the project, observing that this data collection and visualization practice ‘became a sort of performance and ritual in our lives, affecting our days and weeks, and inherently changing our behaviour’.^[1]^[79]	United Kingdom, United States
2015	July	Demographics	General	According to `quantifiedself.com`, as of date, there are 207 quantified self 'meetup' groups in 37 countries around the world, with a total of over 52,000 members. The largest number of groups is in the United States.^[1]
2015	July 13	Demographics	Wearable technology	A Business Insider report claims that, 'in just a few years, there could be more people using wearable tech devices than there are in the US and Canada'.^[80]	Worldwide
2015	July 30	Concept development		Nick Ingelbrecht and Gareth Herschel elaborate on the concept of 'personal analyics', which refers to the empowerment of individuals to analyze and exploit their own data to achieve a range of objectives and benefits across their work and personal lives.^[81]
2016	April 8	Literature (book)		Dawn Nafus publishes Quantified: Biosensing Technologies in Everyday Life, which elaborates on social, cultural, political, and economical aspects of quantified self. The book discusses empowering, social control, volunteering, enforcement, data interpretation, and how does all this affect the relationship between medical practice and self care, between scientific and lay knowledge.^[82]
2016	May 2	Literature (book)		Deborah Lupton publishes The Quantified Self, which "critically analyzes the social, cultural and political dimensions of contemporary self-tracking and identifies the concepts of selfhood and human embodiment and the value of the data that underpin them".^[1]^[83]
2016	June 24	Literature (book)		Dawn Nafus and Gina Neff publish Self-Tracking: The Mit Press Essential Knowledge Series, which introduces the essential ideas and key challenges of self-tracking.^[84]
2017	June	Research	Location tracking	De Groot and colleagues argue that the proliferation of GPS and GIS technologies present particular opportunities to those interested in single-subject or N-of-1 investigations.^[85]
2017	September 11	Literature (book)		Phoebe V. Moore publishes The Quantified Self in Precarity: Work, Technology and What Counts, which attempts to demonstrate how workplace quantification leads to high turnover rates, workplace rationalization and worker stress and anxiety.^[86]
2017	September 28	Literature (book)		Burkhardt Funk and Mark Hoogendoorn publish Machine Learning for the Quantified Self: On the Art of Learning from Sensory Data, which explains the complete loop to effectively use self-tracking data for machine learning.^[87]
2019		Service launch	Metabolic health tracking	NutriSense is founded. It is a data-driven metabolic health platform that tracks key metabolic markers in real-time. It uses continuous glucose monitoring, AI-powered meal tracking, and expert coaching. It uses machine learning technology.^[88]^[89]
2020	August 27	Device launch	Fitness tracking	Amazon introduces Halo, a health-tracking platform that combines a suite of AI-powered health features that provide actionable insights into overall wellness via an app with a band, which uses multiple advanced sensors to provide the highly accurate information necessary to power Halo insights.^[90]^[91]	United States
2021	April 15	Device launch	Blood circulation monitoring	Researchers in Japan build a PV-powered device to measure volumetric variations in blood circulation. The system, which is just a few microns thick, was built with an organic solar module, a polymer light-emitting diode (PLED), and an organic photodetector.^[92]	Japan

Visual and numerical data

Mentions on Google Scholar

Year	quantified self	self tracking	life logging	human enhancement
1980	2,780	3,770	30,300	10,300
1985	3,460	4,660	7.830	15,900
1990	7,340	9,440	50,300	32,600
1995	12,300	18,500	13,400	65,700
2000	23,300	38,500	56,600	138,000
2002	30,500	54,000	28,100	153,000
2004	41,700	68,500	33,200	182,000
2006	56,000	88,000	39,700	212,000
2008	69,900	109,000	48,600	233,000
2010	86,500	131,000	76,500	250,000
2012	99,800	153,000	106,000	287,000
2014	99,500	162,000	99,100	276,000
2016	85,900	151,000	91,000	220,000
2017	80,400	147,000	83,200	184,000
2018	67,300	126,000	73,800	147,000
2019	51,300	97,200	59,300	109,000
2020	36,300	75,400	43,300	78,400

Google Trends

The comparative chart below shows Google Trends data for self-tracking (Search term), lifelogging (Search term) and quantified self (Search term), from January 2004 to July 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map. ^[93]

Self-tracking, lifelogging and quantified self gt.png

Google Ngram Viewer

The comparative chart below shows Google Ngram Viewer data for self-tracking, lifelogging and quantified self from 1900 to 2019. ^[94]

Self-tracking, lifelogging and quantified self ngram.png

Wikipedia Views

The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article Quantified self, from July 2015 to June 2021.^[95]

Meta information on the timeline

How the timeline was built

The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.

Funding information for this timeline is available.

Feedback and comments

Feedback for the timeline can be provided at the following places:

FIXME

What the timeline is still missing

[1]
Terms: affective computing, affective wearables, biosensor, digital compass (smartphone), gyroscope (spartphone), accelerometer (smartphone), internet of things, data harvesting, data brokering.
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
This programmable fiber has memories and can sense temperature
Vipul: Open Humans and their projects: Keating Memorial Self Research Group, Quantified Flu, Juno's Personal Data Exploratory

Timeline update strategy

External links

References

↑ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 ^1.14 ^1.15 ^1.16 ^1.17 ^1.18 ^1.19 ^1.20 ^1.21 ^1.22 ^1.23 ^1.24 ^1.25 ^1.26 ^1.27 ^1.28 ^1.29 ^1.30 ^1.31 ^1.32 Lupton, Deborah (2 May 2016). The Quantified Self. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-5095-0059-8.
↑ Wong, Kai (15 November 2019). "The Quantified Self movement is dead". Medium.
↑ "The Quantified Self Movement: Self-Tracking in the Data Gold Rush". Bloomsoup. 23 July 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
↑ "The measure of all things: potentials and risks of self-tracking" (PDF). ta-swiss-new.incms.net. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
↑ Clark, Leland C.; Lyons, Champ (15 December 2006). "ELECTRODE SYSTEMS FOR CONTINUOUS MONITORING IN CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 102 (1): 29–45. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb13623.x.
↑ "World's Longest Diary". storycorps.org. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
↑ "Facial Action Coding System (FACS) and the FACS Manual". web.archive.org. 19 October 2013. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
↑ Mai, Thuy (5 May 2015). "Global Positioning System History". NASA. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
↑ "History - 1980s - History - Company Profile". Nihon Kohden Global Site. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
↑ "How beers and Vikings gave Bluetooth technology its name". France 24. 3 March 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
↑ "How beers and Vikings gave Bluetooth technology its name". techxplore.com. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
↑ Della Mea, Vincenzo (22 June 2001). "What is e-Health (2): The death of telemedicine?". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 3 (2): e22. PMC 1761900. PMID 11720964. doi:10.2196/jmir.3.2.e22.
↑ "(PDF) E-health; Concept Development and Maturity in Literature". ResearchGate.
↑ ^14.0 ^14.1 Foote, Keith D. (16 August 2016). "A Brief History of the Internet of Things". DATAVERSITY. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
↑ "MyLifeBits". Microsoft Research. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
↑ "LIX Index - About". www.lucykimbell.com. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
↑ "Film and Video Umbrella - The LIX Index". www.fvu.co.uk. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
↑ "Virgin Pulse - Virgin Pulse, part of the famed Virgin Group, is passionate about inspiring and engaging employees to live better every day. | Startup Ranking". StartupRanking. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
↑ "Virgin Pulse - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding". Crunchbase. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
↑ "MyFitnessPal - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding". Crunchbase. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
↑ "23AndMe Will Decode Your DNA for $1,000. Welcome to the Age of Genomics". Wired. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
↑ "Press Release - 23andMe Media Center". mediacenter.23andme.com. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
↑ Marcus, 2006
↑ "Announcing Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) – beta". 24 August 2006. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
↑ "Amazon Acquires Social Reading Site Goodreads, Which Gives The Company A Social Advantage Over Apple". TechCrunch. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
↑ "Goodreads - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding". Crunchbase. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
↑ "Todoist - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding". Crunchbase. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
↑ "The story of Fitbit: How a wooden box was bought by Google for $2.1bn". Wareable. 4 April 2020. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
↑ "RescueTime - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding". Crunchbase. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
↑ Wolf, Gary. "Quantified Self". Gary Wolf. Archived from the original (blog) on 2012-03-27. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
↑ Singer, Emily. "The Measured Life". MIT. Retrieved 2011-07-05.
↑ "quantifiedself.com whois lookup - who.is". who.is. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
↑ ^33.0 ^33.1 ^33.2 ^33.3 Swan, Melanie (June 2013). "The Quantified Self: Fundamental Disruption in Big Data Science and Biological Discovery". Big Data. 1 (2): 85–99. doi:10.1089/big.2012.0002.
↑ "The Quantified Self community, lifelogging and the making of "smart" publics". openDemocracy. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
↑ "Calculating the Child Through Technologies of the 'Quantified Self'". Connected Learning Alliance. 26 May 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
↑ Staff, Reuters (10 October 2007). "Nintendo to launch Wii Fit game". Reuters. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
↑ Ryan, 2014
↑ Duncan, David Ewing (2009). Experimental man : what one man's body reveals about his future, your health, and our toxic world. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. ISBN 9780470176788.
↑ "Know Thyself: Tracking Every Facet of Life, from Sleep to Mood to Pain, 24/7/365". Wired. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
↑ "A 1,850m swim becomes Strava's billionth recorded activity". Cyclist. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
↑ Lee, Nikki (20 March 2015). "Wearables of 2025". Medium. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
↑ Li, Ian; Dey, Anind; Forlizzi, Jodi (2010). "A stage-based model of personal informatics systems". Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '10: 557. doi:10.1145/1753326.1753409.
↑ Wolf, Gary (28 April 2010). "The Data-Driven Life". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
↑ ^44.0 ^44.1 ^44.2 Wolf, Gary (18 October 2016). "What is quantified self?". Quantified Self Institute. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
↑ Small, Sheridan Martin; Roseway, Asta (1 June 2011). "The Printing Dress". microsoft.com. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
↑ Microsoft, (3 August 2011), Dressing for the Future: Microsoft Duo Breaks Through with Wearable Technology Concept, Microsoft News Center
↑ Press, The MIT. "Code/Space | The MIT Press". mitpress.mit.edu. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
↑ "Nike+ FuelBand makes life a sport". Nike News. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
↑ Perry, Bruce W. (2012). Fitness for geeks : real science, great nutrition, and good health (1st ed.). Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media. ISBN 1449399894.
↑ Pendyala, Ram M.; Bhat, Chandra R. (2012). Travel Behaviour Research in an Evolving World. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-105-47378-4.
↑ "The 2012 Quantified Self Conference". igrowdigital (in Deutsch). 2 October 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
↑ Inquiries, DC 20036USA202-419-4300 (28 January 2013). "Tracking for Health". Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
↑ "Polar GoFit - Crunchbase Apptopia App Profile". Crunchbase. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
↑ Rusli, Evelyn M. (29 May 2013). "D11: Levchin Unveils New Mobile App Glow". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
↑ "Knowledge Care and the Practices of Self-Monitoring" (PDF). tracking-ourselves.group.shef.ac.uk. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
↑ "PumpUp gets $2.4M for fitness social network app". MobiHealthNews. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
↑ "ALEXANDRA DAISY GINSBERG". www.daisyginsberg.com. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
↑ Welch, Chris (24 February 2014). "Sony's SmartBand fitness tracker will launch worldwide in March". The Verge. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
↑ Sacco, Al (29 April 2014). "Amazon.com Launches Wearable Technology Web Store". CIO. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
↑ Choe, Eun Kyoung; Lee, Nicole B.; Lee, Bongshin; Pratt, Wanda; Kientz, Julie A. (26 April 2014). "Understanding quantified-selfers' practices in collecting and exploring personal data". Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: 1143–1152. doi:10.1145/2556288.2557372.
↑ "Johnson & Johnson subsidiary launches self-tracking app". MobiHealthNews. 21 May 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
↑ Khot, Rohit Ashok; Lee, Jeewon; Munz, Helmut; Aggarwal, Deepti; Mueller, Florian Floyd (26 April 2014). "Tastybeats: making mocktails with heartbeats". CHI '14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems: 467–470. doi:10.1145/2559206.2574830.
↑ "(PDF) ACOUSTIC SONIFICATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE FORM OF A SINGING BOWL". ResearchGate. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
↑ Khot, Rohit Ashok; Hjorth, Larissa; Mueller, Florian 'Floyd' (26 April 2014). "Understanding physical activity through 3D printed material artifacts". Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: 3835–3844. doi:10.1145/2556288.2557144.
↑ Nielsen, 2014
↑ Elwell, 2014
↑ Nafus, D.; Sherman, Jamie (2014). "This One Does Not Go Up to 11: The Quantified Self Movement as an Alternative Big Data Practice". semanticscholar.org. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
↑ McGregor, Jay (25 July 2014). "India's Take On Google Glass, A Vibrating Smartshoe". Forbes. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
↑ Thoppil, Dhanya Ann Thoppil (24 July 2014). "India's Answer to Google Glass: The Smartshoe". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
↑ Anthony, Sebastian (24 July 2014). "The smartshoe: A much more sensible approach to wearable computing than Glass or a smartwatch". Extreme Tech. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
↑ "A smart shoe from Indian firm". Deccan Chronicle. 27 July 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
↑ "XOX: Emotional Advertising | Stylus". Stylus | Innovation Research & Advisory. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
↑ Edelson, Sharon; Edelson, Sharon (24 August 2014). "Ralph Lauren Enters Wearable Tech". WWD. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
↑ Graham, 2014
↑ Sawers, Paul (28 October 2014). "Google launches Google Fit app for Android, capturing all your fitness data in one place". TNW | Apps. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
↑ "Google Fit Preview SDK now available". Google Developers Blog. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
↑ Robertson, Adi (5 January 2015). "Misfit's new solar-powered fitness tracker is a giant Swarovski crystal". The Verge. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
↑ "A timeline: A brief history of Apple Watch". www.verizon.com. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
↑ "THE PROJECT". Dear Data. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
↑ Stern, Corey. "The wearable tech market could reach 385 million people and change how we 'consume and use information'". Business Insider. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
↑ "Defining Personal Analytics — Consumers Meet Smart Agents". Gartner. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
↑ Nafus, Dawn (8 April 2016). Quantified: Biosensing Technologies in Everyday Life. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-03417-3.
↑ Lupton, Deborah. The Quantified Self. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-5095-0063-5.
↑ Neff, Gina; Nafus, Dawn (24 June 2016). Self-Tracking. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-52912-9.
↑ De Groot, Martijn; Drangsholt, Mark; Martin-Sanchez, Fernando; Wolf, Gary (2017). "Single Subject (N-of-1) Research Design, Data Processing, and Personal Science". Methods of Information in Medicine. 56 (06): 416–418. doi:10.3414/ME17-03-0001.
↑ Moore, Phoebe V. (11 September 2017). The Quantified Self in Precarity: Work, Technology and What Counts. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-20160-1.
↑ Hoogendoorn, Mark; Funk, Burkhardt. Machine Learning for the Quantified Self: On the Art of Learning from Sensory Data. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-66308-1.
↑ Collier, Kara. "NutriSense V2.0 - Discover and reach your health potential". Product Hunt. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
↑ "NutriSense - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding". Crunchbase. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
↑ "Introducing Amazon Halo and Amazon Halo Band—A New Service that Helps Customers Improve Their Health and Wellness | Amazon.com, Inc. - Press Room". press.aboutamazon.com. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
↑ Bohn, Dieter (27 August 2020). "Amazon announces Halo, a fitness band and app that scans your body and voice". The Verge. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
↑ "I've got solar over my skin". pv magazine International. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
↑ "self-tracking, lifelogging and quantified self". Google Trends. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
↑ "self-tracking, lifelogging and quantified self". books.google.com. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
↑ "Quantified self". wikipediaviews.org. Retrieved 21 July 2021.

[Lupton-1] 1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 ^1.14 ^1.15 ^1.16 ^1.17 ^1.18 ^1.19 ^1.20 ^1.21 ^1.22 ^1.23 ^1.24 ^1.25 ^1.26 ^1.27 ^1.28 ^1.29 ^1.30 ^1.31 ^1.32 Lupton, Deborah (2 May 2016). The Quantified Self. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-5095-0059-8.

[The_Quanv-2] Wong, Kai (15 November 2019). "The Quantified Self movement is dead". Medium.

[3] "The Quantified Self Movement: Self-Tracking in the Data Gold Rush". Bloomsoup. 23 July 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2021.

[4] "The measure of all things: potentials and risks of self-tracking" (PDF). ta-swiss-new.incms.net. Retrieved 31 July 2021.

[5] Clark, Leland C.; Lyons, Champ (15 December 2006). "ELECTRODE SYSTEMS FOR CONTINUOUS MONITORING IN CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 102 (1): 29–45. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb13623.x.

[6] "World's Longest Diary". storycorps.org. Retrieved 29 July 2021.

[7] "Facial Action Coding System (FACS) and the FACS Manual". web.archive.org. 19 October 2013. Retrieved 27 July 2021.

[8] Mai, Thuy (5 May 2015). "Global Positioning System History". NASA. Retrieved 29 July 2021.

[9] "History - 1980s - History - Company Profile". Nihon Kohden Global Site. Retrieved 29 July 2021.

[10] "How beers and Vikings gave Bluetooth technology its name". France 24. 3 March 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2021.

[11] "How beers and Vikings gave Bluetooth technology its name". techxplore.com. Retrieved 30 July 2021.

[jmir-12] Della Mea, Vincenzo (22 June 2001). "What is e-Health (2): The death of telemedicine?". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 3 (2): e22. PMC 1761900. PMID 11720964. doi:10.2196/jmir.3.2.e22.

[13] "(PDF) E-health; Concept Development and Maturity in Literature". ResearchGate.

[Foote-14] 14.0 ^14.1 Foote, Keith D. (16 August 2016). "A Brief History of the Internet of Things". DATAVERSITY. Retrieved 30 July 2021.

[15] "MyLifeBits". Microsoft Research. Retrieved 19 July 2021.

[16] "LIX Index - About". www.lucykimbell.com. Retrieved 28 July 2021.

[17] "Film and Video Umbrella - The LIX Index". www.fvu.co.uk. Retrieved 28 July 2021.

[18] "Virgin Pulse - Virgin Pulse, part of the famed Virgin Group, is passionate about inspiring and engaging employees to live better every day. | Startup Ranking". StartupRanking. Retrieved 19 July 2021.

[19] "Virgin Pulse - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding". Crunchbase. Retrieved 19 July 2021.

[20] "MyFitnessPal - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding". Crunchbase. Retrieved 18 July 2021.

[21] "23AndMe Will Decode Your DNA for $1,000. Welcome to the Age of Genomics". Wired. Retrieved 28 July 2021.

[22] "Press Release - 23andMe Media Center". mediacenter.23andme.com. Retrieved 28 July 2021.

[23] Marcus, 2006

[Amazon.com-24] "Announcing Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) – beta". 24 August 2006. Retrieved 31 May 2014.

[25] "Amazon Acquires Social Reading Site Goodreads, Which Gives The Company A Social Advantage Over Apple". TechCrunch. Retrieved 18 July 2021.

[26] "Goodreads - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding". Crunchbase. Retrieved 18 July 2021.

[27] "Todoist - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding". Crunchbase. Retrieved 18 July 2021.

[28] "The story of Fitbit: How a wooden box was bought by Google for $2.1bn". Wareable. 4 April 2020. Retrieved 29 July 2021.

[29] "RescueTime - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding". Crunchbase. Retrieved 19 July 2021.

[aetherqs-30] Wolf, Gary. "Quantified Self". Gary Wolf. Archived from the original (blog) on 2012-03-27. Retrieved 2012-03-26.

[31] Singer, Emily. "The Measured Life". MIT. Retrieved 2011-07-05.

[32] "quantifiedself.com whois lookup - who.is". who.is. Retrieved 19 July 2021.

[The_Quantified_Se-33] 33.0 ^33.1 ^33.2 ^33.3 Swan, Melanie (June 2013). "The Quantified Self: Fundamental Disruption in Big Data Science and Biological Discovery". Big Data. 1 (2): 85–99. doi:10.1089/big.2012.0002.

[34] "The Quantified Self community, lifelogging and the making of "smart" publics". openDemocracy. Retrieved 29 July 2021.

[35] "Calculating the Child Through Technologies of the 'Quantified Self'". Connected Learning Alliance. 26 May 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2021.

[36] Staff, Reuters (10 October 2007). "Nintendo to launch Wii Fit game". Reuters. Retrieved 22 July 2021.

[37] Ryan, 2014

[38] Duncan, David Ewing (2009). Experimental man : what one man's body reveals about his future, your health, and our toxic world. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. ISBN 9780470176788.

[39] "Know Thyself: Tracking Every Facet of Life, from Sleep to Mood to Pain, 24/7/365". Wired. Retrieved 21 July 2021.

[40] "A 1,850m swim becomes Strava's billionth recorded activity". Cyclist. Retrieved 22 July 2021.

[41] Lee, Nikki (20 March 2015). "Wearables of 2025". Medium. Retrieved 23 July 2021.

[42] Li, Ian; Dey, Anind; Forlizzi, Jodi (2010). "A stage-based model of personal informatics systems". Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '10: 557. doi:10.1145/1753326.1753409.

[The_Data-Driven_Life-43] Wolf, Gary (28 April 2010). "The Data-Driven Life". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 July 2021.

[Quantified_Self_Institute-44] 44.0 ^44.1 ^44.2 Wolf, Gary (18 October 2016). "What is quantified self?". Quantified Self Institute. Retrieved 19 July 2021.

[45] Small, Sheridan Martin; Roseway, Asta (1 June 2011). "The Printing Dress". microsoft.com. Retrieved 27 July 2021.

[46] Microsoft, (3 August 2011), Dressing for the Future: Microsoft Duo Breaks Through with Wearable Technology Concept, Microsoft News Center

[47] Press, The MIT. "Code/Space | The MIT Press". mitpress.mit.edu. Retrieved 27 July 2021.

[48] "Nike+ FuelBand makes life a sport". Nike News. Retrieved 21 July 2021.

[49] Perry, Bruce W. (2012). Fitness for geeks : real science, great nutrition, and good health (1st ed.). Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media. ISBN 1449399894.

[50] Pendyala, Ram M.; Bhat, Chandra R. (2012). Travel Behaviour Research in an Evolving World. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-105-47378-4.

[51] "The 2012 Quantified Self Conference". igrowdigital (in Deutsch). 2 October 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2021.

[52] Inquiries, DC 20036USA202-419-4300 (28 January 2013). "Tracking for Health". Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. Retrieved 19 July 2021.

[53] "Polar GoFit - Crunchbase Apptopia App Profile". Crunchbase. Retrieved 22 July 2021.

[54] Rusli, Evelyn M. (29 May 2013). "D11: Levchin Unveils New Mobile App Glow". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 21 July 2021.

[55] "Knowledge Care and the Practices of Self-Monitoring" (PDF). tracking-ourselves.group.shef.ac.uk. Retrieved 23 July 2021.

[56] "PumpUp gets $2.4M for fitness social network app". MobiHealthNews. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2021.

[57] "ALEXANDRA DAISY GINSBERG". www.daisyginsberg.com. Retrieved 27 July 2021.

[58] Welch, Chris (24 February 2014). "Sony's SmartBand fitness tracker will launch worldwide in March". The Verge. Retrieved 22 July 2021.

[59] Sacco, Al (29 April 2014). "Amazon.com Launches Wearable Technology Web Store". CIO. Retrieved 19 July 2021.

[60] Choe, Eun Kyoung; Lee, Nicole B.; Lee, Bongshin; Pratt, Wanda; Kientz, Julie A. (26 April 2014). "Understanding quantified-selfers' practices in collecting and exploring personal data". Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: 1143–1152. doi:10.1145/2556288.2557372.

[61] "Johnson & Johnson subsidiary launches self-tracking app". MobiHealthNews. 21 May 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2021.

[62] Khot, Rohit Ashok; Lee, Jeewon; Munz, Helmut; Aggarwal, Deepti; Mueller, Florian Floyd (26 April 2014). "Tastybeats: making mocktails with heartbeats". CHI '14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems: 467–470. doi:10.1145/2559206.2574830.

[63] "(PDF) ACOUSTIC SONIFICATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE FORM OF A SINGING BOWL". ResearchGate. Retrieved 27 July 2021.

[64] Khot, Rohit Ashok; Hjorth, Larissa; Mueller, Florian 'Floyd' (26 April 2014). "Understanding physical activity through 3D printed material artifacts". Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: 3835–3844. doi:10.1145/2556288.2557144.

[65] Nielsen, 2014

[66] Elwell, 2014

[67] Nafus, D.; Sherman, Jamie (2014). "This One Does Not Go Up to 11: The Quantified Self Movement as an Alternative Big Data Practice". semanticscholar.org. Retrieved 23 July 2021.

[Forbes-68] McGregor, Jay (25 July 2014). "India's Take On Google Glass, A Vibrating Smartshoe". Forbes. Retrieved 26 July 2014.

[twsj-69] Thoppil, Dhanya Ann Thoppil (24 July 2014). "India's Answer to Google Glass: The Smartshoe". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 26 July 2014.

[xtech-70] Anthony, Sebastian (24 July 2014). "The smartshoe: A much more sensible approach to wearable computing than Glass or a smartwatch". Extreme Tech. Retrieved 26 July 2014.

[Deccan-71] "A smart shoe from Indian firm". Deccan Chronicle. 27 July 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2014.

[72] "XOX: Emotional Advertising | Stylus". Stylus | Innovation Research & Advisory. Retrieved 19 July 2021.

[73] Edelson, Sharon; Edelson, Sharon (24 August 2014). "Ralph Lauren Enters Wearable Tech". WWD. Retrieved 21 July 2021.

[74] Graham, 2014

[75] Sawers, Paul (28 October 2014). "Google launches Google Fit app for Android, capturing all your fitness data in one place". TNW | Apps. Retrieved 5 May 2021.

[76] "Google Fit Preview SDK now available". Google Developers Blog. Retrieved 30 July 2021.

[77] Robertson, Adi (5 January 2015). "Misfit's new solar-powered fitness tracker is a giant Swarovski crystal". The Verge. Retrieved 21 July 2021.

[78] "A timeline: A brief history of Apple Watch". www.verizon.com. Retrieved 31 July 2021.

[79] "THE PROJECT". Dear Data. Retrieved 29 July 2021.

[80] Stern, Corey. "The wearable tech market could reach 385 million people and change how we 'consume and use information'". Business Insider. Retrieved 21 July 2021.

[81] "Defining Personal Analytics — Consumers Meet Smart Agents". Gartner. Retrieved 27 July 2021.

[82] Nafus, Dawn (8 April 2016). Quantified: Biosensing Technologies in Everyday Life. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-03417-3.

[83] Lupton, Deborah. The Quantified Self. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-5095-0063-5.

[84] Neff, Gina; Nafus, Dawn (24 June 2016). Self-Tracking. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-52912-9.

[85] De Groot, Martijn; Drangsholt, Mark; Martin-Sanchez, Fernando; Wolf, Gary (2017). "Single Subject (N-of-1) Research Design, Data Processing, and Personal Science". Methods of Information in Medicine. 56 (06): 416–418. doi:10.3414/ME17-03-0001.

[86] Moore, Phoebe V. (11 September 2017). The Quantified Self in Precarity: Work, Technology and What Counts. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-20160-1.

[87] Hoogendoorn, Mark; Funk, Burkhardt. Machine Learning for the Quantified Self: On the Art of Learning from Sensory Data. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-66308-1.

[88] Collier, Kara. "NutriSense V2.0 - Discover and reach your health potential". Product Hunt. Retrieved 18 July 2021.

[89] "NutriSense - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding". Crunchbase. Retrieved 18 July 2021.

[90] "Introducing Amazon Halo and Amazon Halo Band—A New Service that Helps Customers Improve Their Health and Wellness | Amazon.com, Inc. - Press Room". press.aboutamazon.com. Retrieved 4 April 2021.

[91] Bohn, Dieter (27 August 2020). "Amazon announces Halo, a fitness band and app that scans your body and voice". The Verge. Retrieved 4 April 2021.

[92] "I've got solar over my skin". pv magazine International. Retrieved 17 April 2021.

[93] "self-tracking, lifelogging and quantified self". Google Trends. Retrieved 21 July 2021.

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Difference between revisions of "Timeline of quantified self"

Latest revision as of 20:17, 6 March 2024

Contents

Sample questions

Big picture

Full timeline

Visual and numerical data

Mentions on Google Scholar

Google Trends

Google Ngram Viewer

Wikipedia Views

Meta information on the timeline

How the timeline was built

Feedback and comments

What the timeline is still missing

Timeline update strategy

See also

External links

References

Navigation menu

Personal tools

Namespaces

Variants

Views

More

Search

Navigation

Tools

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-This is a '''timeline of {{w|quantified self}}'''. Covert surveillance or tracking of the self by others is not discussed in this timeline.
+This is a '''timeline of {{w|quantified self}}''', attempting to describe significant or illustrative events in the history of the movement and associated technologies.
 == Sample questions ==
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 The following are some interesting questions that can be answered by reading this timeline:
-* Concept introduction
+* What are some of the varied quantified self functions covered in this timeline?
-* Service launch
+** Sort the full timeline by "Function/domain (when applicable)"
-* Device launch
+** You will mostly see functions such as fitness and health tracking, but also other personal data tracking functions and functions of background technologies.
-* Literature
+* What are some concepts related to cuantified self and when were they conceived?
-* Background technology
+** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Concept development".
-* Notable case
+** You will read terms such as 'personal informatics', 'lively data', and 'quantified self'.
-* Data politics
+* What are some notable or illustrative quantified self services launched in the market?
-*Data privacy and security
+** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Service launch".
+** You will see a number of software applications and the different services they offer within the quantified self market.
+* What are some notable or illustrative quantified self devices launched in the market?
+** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Device launch".
+* What are some technological advances that fueled the development of quantified self?
+** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Background technology".
+** You will see events describing the launch of milestone technologies, such as {{w|GPS}} and {{w|Bluetooth}}.
+* What are some artistic expressions and designs related to the concept of quantified self?
+** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Art and design".
+** You will see some artistic and design expressions exploring aspects of quantified self.
+* What are some events describing demographical aspects of the quantified self movement and practices?
+** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Demographics".
+** You will see events discriminating the use of quantified self technologies among genders and ethnic groups.
+* What are some notable publications specializing in the topic of quantified self?
+** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Literature".
+** You will see some publications elaborating on topics ranging from effective use self-tracking data and technology, to discussions on social, cultural, political, and economical aspects of quantified self.
+Other events are described under the following types: "Conference", "Notable case", "Notable comment", "Security", "Statistics", "Trend growth", and "Website launch".
 ==Big picture==
@@ Line 21: / Line 37: @@
 | Ancient times || Early ideas || Monitoring, measuring and recording elements of one's body and life as a form of self-improvement or self-reflection is already discussed in ancient times.<ref name="Lupton"/>
 |-
-| Latter half of the 20th century onwards || Early technologies || The {{w|Digital Revolution}} introduces technologies that facilitate tracking practices, leading to renewed interest in self-tracking.<ref name="Lupton"/> The term database is introdiced in the 1960s.                                "Technically quantified self has been an idea since the 1970s"<ref name="The Quanv">{{cite web |last1=Wong |first1=Kai |title=The Quantified Self movement is dead |url=https://medium.com/swlh/the-quantified-self-movement-is-dead-41a6134d064c |website=Medium |language=en |date=15 November 2019}}</ref> In the 1990s, people start experimenting with lifelogging techniques and wearable computing devices.<ref name="Lupton"/>
+| Latter half of the 20th century onwards || Early technologies || The {{w|Digital Revolution}} introduces technologies that facilitate tracking practices, leading to renewed interest in self-tracking.<ref name="Lupton"/>  The 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s introduce multiple background technologies that would be used for quantified self, such as the {{w|biosensor}}, {{w|GPS}}, and {{w|Bluetooth}} and {{w|Wi-Fi}} later in the century. The term {{w|database}} is introduced in the 1960s. In the 1970s, the idea of quantified self becomes technically envisioned.<ref name="The Quanv">{{cite web |last1=Wong |first1=Kai |title=The Quantified Self movement is dead |url=https://medium.com/swlh/the-quantified-self-movement-is-dead-41a6134d064c |website=Medium |language=en |date=15 November 2019}}</ref> In the 1990s, people start experimenting with lifelogging techniques and wearable computing devices.<ref name="Lupton"/> In the same decade, {{w|Telehealth}} and {{w|telemedicine}} technologies are introduced, involving computerized devices located within patients' homes to facilitate remote monitoring of their bodies.<ref name="Lupton"/>
 |-
-| 21st century || Consolidation || The term ''quantified self'' is invented in 2007 by Gary Wolf and Kevin Kelly, both who start the Quantified Self movement in the same year.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Quantified Self Movement: Self-Tracking in the Data Gold Rush |url=https://bloomsoup.com/quantified-self/ |website=Bloomsoup |access-date=7 April 2021 |date=23 July 2020}}</ref>
+| 21st century || Consolidation || The term ''quantified self'' is invented in 2007 by Gary Wolf and Kevin Kelly, both who start the Quantified Self movement in the same year.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Quantified Self Movement: Self-Tracking in the Data Gold Rush |url=https://bloomsoup.com/quantified-self/ |website=Bloomsoup |access-date=7 April 2021 |date=23 July 2020}}</ref> In the second decade of the century, large companies such as Apple, Samsung and Google launch wearable devices with self tracking functions. Today, the smartphone has become a repository of the self, and an increasing number of apps are being brought onto the market, enabling smartphones to record fitness, health, and others kinds of personal data.<ref>{{cite web |title=The measure of all things: potentials and risks of self-tracking |url=http://ta-swiss-new.incms.net/p63361_TA_Swiss_Kurzfassung_Quantified_Self_Inhalt_EN.pdf |website=ta-swiss-new.incms.net |access-date=31 July 2021}}</ref>
 |-
 |}
-== Visual and numerical data ==
-=== Mentions on Google Scholar ===
+==Full timeline==
 {| class="sortable wikitable"
-! Year
+! Year !! Month and date (approximately) !! Event type !! Function/domain (when applicable) || Details || Location/launch base
-! quantified self
+|-
-! self tracking
+| 1945 || || Notable comment || {{w|Lifelog}}ging || American presidential science advisor {{w|Vannevar Bush}} publishes an essay asserting his belief that humans' ability to remember could be enhanced by technology. In this essay, Bush introduces his idea of the Memex, a mechanized device in which people could store all their documents, records, books, letters and memos. People could wear small cameras on their foreheads to capture details of their daily lives and add them to the Memex archive.<ref name="Lupton"/> || {{w|United States}}
-! life logging
+|-
-! human enhancement
+| 1962 || || Background technology || Chemical substance tracking || American biochemist  {{w|Leland C. Clark}} and Champ Lyons invent the first {{w|biosensor}}.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clark |first1=Leland C. |last2=Lyons |first2=Champ |title=ELECTRODE SYSTEMS FOR CONTINUOUS MONITORING IN CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY |journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |date=15 December 2006 |volume=102 |issue=1 |pages=29–45 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb13623.x}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+|-
+| 1972–1997 || || Notable case || {{w|Lifelog}}ging || American lifelogger was [[w:Robert Shields (diarist)|Robert Shields]] manages to manually record 25 years of his life from 1972 to 1997, at 5-minute intervals. This record would result in a 37-million word diary, thought to be the longest ever written.<ref>{{cite web |title=World’s Longest Diary |url=https://storycorps.org/stories/worlds-longest-diary/ |website=storycorps.org |access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+|-
+| 1978 || || Background technology || Facial expression recognition || The {{w|Facial Action Coding System}} (FACS) is created by American psychologist {{w|Paul Ekman}} and Wallace V. Friesen. Based on earlier work by Swedish anatomist Carl-Herman Hjortsjö, FACS is a system to {{w|taxonomize}} human [[w:facial expression|facial movements]] by their appearance on the face.<ref>{{cite web |title=Facial Action Coding System (FACS) and the FACS Manual |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019130324/http://face-and-emotion.com/dataface/facs/description.jsp |website=web.archive.org |access-date=27 July 2021 |date=19 October 2013}}</ref> || {{w|Ubnited States}}
+|-
+| 1978 || || Background technology || Position tracking || The first {{w|Global Positioning System}} (GPS) prototype spacecraft is launched, introducing this technology.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mai |first1=Thuy |title=Global Positioning System History |url=https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/communications/policy/GPS_History.html |website=NASA |access-date=29 July 2021 |language=en |date=5 May 2015}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+|-
+| 1980 || || Background technology || Heart rate monitoring || The first wireless {{w|electrocardiograph}} is invented.<ref>{{cite web |title=History - 1980s - History - Company Profile |url=https://www.nihonkohden.com/company/history/1980s.html |website=Nihon Kohden Global Site |access-date=29 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> ||
+|-
+| 1998 || May || Background technology || {{w|Data transmission}} || {{w|Bluetooth}} is introduced. This wireless mechanism is essential for data transmission from wearable tracking devices and sensor readers to the smartphone.<ref>{{cite web |title=How beers and Vikings gave Bluetooth technology its name |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210303-how-beers-and-vikings-gave-bluetooth-technology-its-name |website=France 24 |access-date=30 July 2021 |language=en |date=3 March 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+|-
+| 1998 || || Notable case || {{w|Lifelog}}ging || Using digital technologies, American electrical engineer {{w|Gordon Bell}} starts recording as many aspects of his life as possible, including all his correspondence and documents, books he has read, photos, home movies and videos, computer files, mementos, meetings, conversations and phone calls. In 2000, he would start wearing a camera, and in 2002, BodyMedia, an early health-tracking armband.<ref name="Lupton"/> || {{w|United States}}
+|-
+| 1998 || September 12 || Background technology || Internet access || {{w|Wi-Fi}} is introduced, allowing high-speed data transfer over short distances.<ref>{{cite web |title=How beers and Vikings gave Bluetooth technology its name |url=https://techxplore.com/news/2021-03-beers-vikings-gave-bluetooth-technology.html |website=techxplore.com |access-date=30 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> ||
+|-
+| 1999 || || Background technology || Health tracking || The concept of {{w|eHealth}} is introduced as a healthcare practice supported by electronic processes and communication.<ref name="jmir">{{cite journal | first1=Vincenzo | pmc=1761900 | title=What is e-Health (2): The death of telemedicine? | journal=Journal of Medical Internet Research | volume=3 | issue=2 | pages=e22 | doi=10.2196/jmir.3.2.e22 |doi-access=free | last1=Della Mea | pmid=11720964| date=22 June 2001 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=(PDF) E-health; Concept Development and Maturity in Literature |journal=ResearchGate |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306254305_E-health_Concept_Development_and_Maturity_in_Literature |language=en}}</ref> ||
+|-
+| 1999 || || Concept development || {{w|Data transmission}} || The concept of {{w|Internet of Things}} is introduced.<ref name="Foote">{{cite web |last1=Foote |first1=Keith D. |title=A Brief History of the Internet of Things |url=https://www.dataversity.net/brief-history-internet-things/ |website=DATAVERSITY |access-date=30 July 2021 |date=16 August 2016}}</ref> ||
+|-
+| 2001 || || Research || {{w|Lifelog}}ging || {{w|MyLifeBits}} launches as a life-logging experiment. It is a {{w|Microsoft Research}} project inspired by {{w|Vannevar Bush}}'s hypothetical Memex computer system. The "experimental subject" of the project is computer scientist {{w|Gordon Bell}}, and the project consists in trying to collect a lifetime of storage on and about Bell.<ref>{{cite web |title=MyLifeBits |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/mylifebits/ |website=Microsoft Research |access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+|-
+| 2002 || || Art and design || Data repurposing || British designer and researcher Lucy Kimbell creates a performance art piece entitled ‘LIX Index’ that involves her uploading 50 pieces of her personal data into a database, and producing a weekly index from these disparate sources of data. These data pieces include such elements as her bank balance, hours spent outdoors, the air temperature where she lives, conversations with friends and family, tweets, orgasms, physical activity and intellectual stimulation.<ref name="Lupton"/><ref>{{cite web |title=LIX Index - About |url=http://www.lucykimbell.com/lix/about.html |website=www.lucykimbell.com |access-date=28 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Film and Video Umbrella - The LIX Index |url=https://www.fvu.co.uk/projects/lix-index |website=www.fvu.co.uk |access-date=28 July 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
+|-
+| 2004 || January 1<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Pulse - Virgin Pulse, part of the famed Virgin Group, is passionate about inspiring and engaging employees to live better every day. {{!}} Startup Ranking |url=https://www.startupranking.com/virgin-pulse |website=StartupRanking |access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref> || Service launch || Workplace wellness || {{w|Richard Branson}}’s {{w|Virgin Group}} launches Virgin Pulse, a platform that offers both productivity-, health- and fitness-tracking programs for workers, including wearable fitness, diet, weight, sleep and work commitment trackers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Pulse - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/virgin-pulse |website=Crunchbase |access-date=19 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> ||
+|-
+| 2005 || || Service launch || Fitness tracking || {{w|MyFitnessPal}} is launched. It is a health smartphone app that tracks nutrition, exercise, and diet. In 2020, MyFitnessPal would be acquired by Francisco Partners for US$345 million.<ref>{{cite web |title=MyFitnessPal - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/myfitnesspal |website=Crunchbase |access-date=18 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+|-
+| 2006 || April || Organization || {{w|Direct-to-consumer genetic testing}} || {{w|23andMe}} is founded. Based in {{w|Sunnyvale, California}}, it is a publicly held {{w|personal genomics}} and {{w|biotechnology}} company best known for providing a {{w|direct-to-consumer genetic testing}} service in which customers provide a [[w:saliva testing|saliva sample]] that is laboratory analysed, using [[w:SNP genotyping|single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping]], to generate reports relating to the customer's ancestry and genetic predispositions to health-related topics.<ref>{{cite web |title=23AndMe Will Decode Your DNA for $1,000. Welcome to the Age of Genomics |url=https://www.wired.com/2007/11/ff-genomics/?currentPage=all |website=Wired |access-date=28 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Press Release - 23andMe Media Center |url=https://mediacenter.23andme.com/press-releases/new-23andme |website=mediacenter.23andme.com |access-date=28 July 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+|-
+| 2006 || || Concept development || || In the context of sociomateralism literature, Marcus describes the concept of 'assemblage' as configured when humans, nonhumans, practices, ideas and discourses come together in a complex system. Interactions of humans and digital nonhumans configure several different types of assemblage, such as one consisting in the human-body–device–sensor–software–data configuration that is generated when people use a digital device to monitor and measure their physical activities.<ref name="Lupton"/><ref>Marcus, 2006</ref> ||
+|-
+| 2006 || August 24 || Background technology || Data storing || [[w:Amazon (company)|Amazon.com]] releases its [[w:Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud|Elastic Compute Cloud]] product. Cloud computing starts being popularized.<ref name="Amazon.com">{{cite web|url=https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2006/08/24/announcing-amazon-elastic-compute-cloud-amazon-ec2---beta/|title=Announcing Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) – beta |date=24 August 2006 |access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+|-
+| 2007 || January 15 || Service launch || Reading tracking || {{w|Goodreads}} is founded. It is a mobile and web app that allows its users to find, share, recommend, read, and review the books they like. In 2013, it would be acquired by [[w:Amazon (company)|Amazon]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon Acquires Social Reading Site Goodreads, Which Gives The Company A Social Advantage Over Apple |url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/03/28/amazon-acquires-social-reading-site-goodreads/ |website=TechCrunch |access-date=18 July 2021}}</ref> As of 2021, Goodreads is the world’s largest site for readers and book recommendations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Goodreads - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/goodreads |website=Crunchbase |access-date=18 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+|-
+| 2007 || January 28 || Service launch || Task managing || Todoist is founded. It keeps track of tasks, projects, and goals in one simple place, synching across all the users devices and integrating with all their favorite apps.<ref>{{cite web |title=Todoist - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/todoist |website=Crunchbase |access-date=18 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> ||
+|-
+| 2007 || March 26 || Device launch || Fitness tracking || American consumer electronics and fitness company {{w|Fitbit}} is founded. It produces {{w|activity tracker}}s, [[w:Smartwatch|smartwatches]], {{w|wireless}}-enabled {{w|wearable technology}} devices that measure data such as the [[w:Pedometer|number of steps walked]], {{w|heart rate}}, quality of {{w|sleep}}, [[w:Stairs|steps]] climbed, and other personal metrics involved in [[w:Physical fitness|fitness]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The story of Fitbit: How a wooden box was bought by Google for $2.1bn |url=https://www.wareable.com/fitbit/story-of-fitbit-7936 |website=Wareable |access-date=29 July 2021 |language=en |date=4 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+|-
+| 2007 || April 1 || Service launch || Productivity monitoring || RescueTime is launched. Based in {{w|Seattle, Washington}}, it is a web-based time management tool that keeps track of what the user does and for how long when they are on their computer. Productivity-monitoring devices and software are becoming a feature of many workplaces.<ref>{{cite web |title=RescueTime - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/rescuetime |website=Crunchbase |access-date=19 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+|-
+| 2007 || || Research || {{w|Lifelog}}ging || Rob Kitchin and Martin Dodge suggest that lifeloggers "should not try to achieve the total recording of as many details of their lives as they can, as is proposed by the ideal of lifelogging. Instead, as a way of evading surveillance and the appropriation of their personal details by others, lifeloggers should seek to achieve only a partial record, by using devices that block the recording of some details or record others only imperfectly". They also suggest that "an ethics of forgetting" should be incorporated into the design of lifelogging devices and software as part of allowing people to forget some aspects of their lives and to evade the close surveillance of their lives exerted by others. People should be able to "dupe the log" in order to "unsettle the authenticity of the record".<ref name="Lupton"/> ||
+|-
+| 2007 || || Research || General || American sociologist {{w|Sherry Turkle}} describes what she calls "evocative objects", devices that carry and convey memories and emotions and remind us of our histories and social relationships. "They bear the marks of our bodies as we touch and handle them. They are also invested with images of our bodies and of significant others (photographs and videos) that we may take or store in their memories. Devices that are endowed with self-tracking equipment also generate, process and archive highly personal information about our bodies' functions, movements and geolocation."<ref name="Lupton"/> || {{w|United States}}
+|-
+| 2007 || || Concept development || General || The term 'quantified self' is proposed in San Francisco by [[w:Wired (magazine)|''Wired'' magazine]] editors [[w:Gary Wolf (journalist)|Gary Wolf]] and [[w:Kevin Kelly (editor)|Kevin Kelly]] as "a collaboration of users and tool makers who share an interest in self knowledge through self-tracking."<ref name="aetherqs">{{cite web| last= Wolf| first=Gary |title=Quantified Self |url= http://aether.com/quantifiedself|format=blog|publisher=Gary Wolf|access-date=2012-03-26| archive-url= https://www.webcitation.org/66TEHdz4d?url=http://aether.com/quantifiedself|archive-date=2012-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Singer|first=Emily|title=The Measured Life |url= http://www.technologyreview.com/biomedicine/37784/|publisher=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] |access-date= 2011-07-05}}</ref>  || {{w|United States}}
+|-
+| 2007 || September 25 || Website launch || General || <code>quantifiedself.com</code> is registered.<ref>{{cite web |title=quantifiedself.com whois lookup - who.is |url=https://who.is/whois/quantifiedself.com |website=who.is |access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref> Set up by Gary Wolf and Kevin Kelly, the website provides discussion forums, supports regional meetings of members and two annual international conferences, and publishes a blog covering self-tracking aspects and strategies.<ref name="Lupton"/> ||
+|-
+| 2007 || || Organization || || The Quantified Self movement is founded by [[w:Gary Wolf (journalist)|Gary Wolf]] and [[w:Kevin Kelly (editor)|Kevin Kelly]]. This ovement aims to explore ‘what new tools of self-tracking are good for’ and ‘to create an environment where this question can be explored on a human level’. At the beginning, the community is limited to a Bay Area Quantified Self Meetup Group. Since then the movement would gain huge momentum, and hundreds of QS meetup groups worldwide would be formed.<ref name="The Quantified Se"/><ref>{{cite web |title=The Quantified Self community, lifelogging and the making of “smart” publics |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/participation-now/quantified-self-community-lifelogging-and-making-of-smart-pub/ |website=openDemocracy |access-date=29 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Calculating the Child Through Technologies of the ‘Quantified Self’ |url=https://clalliance.org/blog/calculating-the-child-through-technologies-of-the-quantified-self/ |website=Connected Learning Alliance |access-date=29 July 2021 |language=en |date=26 May 2014}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+|-
+| 2007 || December 1 || Device launch || Fitness tracking || {{w|Nintendo}} launches the ''{{w|Wii Fit}}'', an {{w|exergaming}} video game that incorporates sensors that are abe to configure body metrics as part of the games it offers.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Staff |first1=Reuters |title=Nintendo to launch Wii Fit game |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nintendo-wiifit/nintendo-to-launch-wii-fit-game-idUSTKV00291520071010 |website=Reuters |access-date=22 July 2021 |language=en |date=10 October 2007}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}
+|-
+| 2009 || || Device launch || || Philips releases Fractals, a prototype consisting in digital jewelry or scarf arrangements that are designed to be a hybrid between clothing and jewelry. Using {{w|light-emitting diode}} (LED) configurations to display data, these objects sense bodily changes of the wearer as well as the proximity of others' bodies.<ref>Ryan, 2014</ref> || {{w|Netherlands}}
+|-
+| 2009 || February || Literature || || David Ewing Duncan publishes ''Experimental Man: What One Man's Body Reveals about His Future, Your Health, and Our Toxic World''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Duncan |first1=David Ewing |title=Experimental man : what one man's body reveals about his future, your health, and our toxic world |date=2009 |publisher=Wiley |location=Hoboken, N.J. |isbn=9780470176788 |url=}}</ref> ||
+|-
+| 2009 || June 22 || Literature (article) || || Gary Wolf publishes on <code>wired.com</code> an article entitled ''Know thyself: Tracking every facet of life, from sleep to mood and pain, 24/7/365'', which seeks to explain the concept of the quantified self.<ref>{{cite web |title=Know Thyself: Tracking Every Facet of Life, from Sleep to Mood to Pain, 24/7/365 |url=https://www.wired.com/2009/06/lbnp-knowthyself/ |website=Wired |access-date=21 July 2021}}</ref> ||
+|-
+| 2009 || August 18 || Service launch || Fitness tracking || American internet service company {{w|Strava}} launches as an internet service for tracking human exercise. It incorporates social network features. The app uses self-tracked data from a number of compatible GPS devices. Once a run or bicycle ride has been completed, users can upload the details of their route so as to quantify and analyze their performance.<ref name="Lupton"/><ref>{{cite web |title=A 1,850m swim becomes Strava's billionth recorded activity |url=https://www.cyclist.co.uk/news/2861/a-1850m-swim-becomes-stravas-billionth-recorded-activity |website=Cyclist |access-date=22 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+|-
+| 2010 || January || Concept development || || The term 'personal informatics' is first coined by Ian Li and his colleagues as “a class of applications to help people collect and reflect on personal information”.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Nikki |title=Wearables of 2025 |url=https://medium.com/hci-design-at-uw/wearables-of-2025-beb53e48b66f |website=Medium |access-date=23 July 2021 |language=en |date=20 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Ian |last2=Dey |first2=Anind |last3=Forlizzi |first3=Jodi |title=A stage-based model of personal informatics systems |journal=Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '10 |date=2010 |pages=557 |doi=10.1145/1753326.1753409}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+|-
+| 2010 || April 28 || Literature (article) || || Gary Wolf writes an article in the topic of quantified self, entitled ''The Data-Driven Life'', which described the growing movement of people seeking a deeper knowledge of themselves through tracking sleep, exercise, sex, food, location, and productivity.<ref name="The Data-Driven Life">{{cite web |last1=Wolf |first1=Gary |title=The Data-Driven Life |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/02/magazine/02self-measurement-t.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=21 July 2021 |date=28 April 2010}}</ref> ||
+|-
+| 2011 || May || Conference || || The first Quantified Self international conference is held in {{w|Mountain View, California}}.<ref name="Quantified Self Institute"/> || {{w|United States}}
+|-
+| 2011 || June || Art and design || || {{w|Microsoft}} introduces its prototype "The Printing Dress", an [[w:E-textiles|electronic textile]] that explores the notion of wearable text.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Small |first1=Sheridan Martin |last2=Roseway |first2=Asta |title=The Printing Dress |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/the-printing-dress/ |website=microsoft.com |access-date=27 July 2021 |date=1 June 2011}}</ref><ref>Microsoft, (3 August 2011), Dressing for the Future: Microsoft Duo Breaks Through with Wearable Technology Concept, Microsoft News Center</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+|-
+| 2011 || || Concept development || || Rob Kitchin and Martin Dodge use the term ‘code/space’ to denote the ways in which software and devices such as mobile phones and sensors are configuring concepts of space and identity. They argue that the production of space is increasingly dependent on code, and code is written to produce space. Examples of code/space include airport check-in areas, networked offices, and cafés that are transformed into workspaces by laptops and wireless access.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Press |first1=The MIT |title=Code/Space {{!}} The MIT Press |url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/codespace |website=mitpress.mit.edu |access-date=27 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> ||
+|-
+| 2011 || November || Conference || || The first European Quantified Self (QS) conference is conducted in {{w|Amsterdam}}.<ref name="Quantified Self Institute">{{cite web |last1=Wolf |first1=Gary |title=What is quantified self? |url=http://qsinstitute.com/about/what-is-quantified-self/ |website=Quantified Self Institute |access-date=19 July 2021 |date=18 October 2016}}</ref> || {{w|Netherlands}}
 |-
-| 1980 || 2,780 || 3,770 || 30,300 || 10,300
+| 2012 || January 19 || Device launch || Fitness tracking || {{w|Nike}} introduces the {{w|Nike+ FuelBand}}, an activity tracker worn on the wrist and compatible with {{w|iPhone}}, {{w|iPad}}, or [[w:Android (operating system)|Android]] devices.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nike+ FuelBand makes life a sport |url=https://news.nike.com/nike-fuelband/news/nike-fuelband-makes-life-a-sport |website=Nike News |access-date=21 July 2021}}</ref> ||
 |-
-| 1985 || 3,460 || 4,660 || 7.830 || 15,900
+| 2012 || April || Literature || Fitness tracking || Bruce W. Perry publishes ''Fitness for Geeks: Real Science, Great Nutrition, and Good Health'', which, among other things, examines apps and widgets for self-tracking various fitness issues.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Perry |first1=Bruce W. |title=Fitness for geeks : real science, great nutrition, and good health |date=2012 |publisher=O'Reilly Media |location=Sebastopol, CA |isbn=1449399894 |edition=1st}}</ref> ||
 |-
-| 1990 || 7,340 || 9,440 || 50,300 || 32,600
+| 2012 || || Trend growth || Position tracking || Pendyala and Bhat describe a new era of place-based study, ushered in by the development of relatively low-cost, portable {{w|geographic positioning system}} (GPS) technologies.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pendyala |first1=Ram M. |last2=Bhat |first2=Chandra R. |title=Travel Behaviour Research in an Evolving World |date=2012 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-105-47378-4 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/Travel_Behaviour_Research_in_an_Evolving.html?id=uIwWBAAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref> ||
 |-
-| 1995 || 12,300 || 18,500 || 13,400 || 65,700
+| 2012 || || Art and design || || In an exhibition entitled ‘Stranger Visions’, Heather Dewey-Hagborg creates portrait sculptures from the analysis of human genetic material that she collected from public places: specifically, {{w|DNA}} that had been left on cigarette butts discarded in the streets. Using elements of the genomic profile that was created from this DNA, Dewey-Hagborg manages to print out a 3D model of the person's face, in an attempt to imagine his or her appearance. The intention is to provoke audiences into contemplating the possibility that people's DNA could be taken from detritus that they had unknowingly left behind and their identity inspected.<ref name="Lupton"/> || {{w|Ireland}}
 |-
-| 2000 || 23,300 || 38,500 || 56,600 || 138,000
+| 2012 || September 28 || Organization || || The Quantified Self Institute is officially founded as an academic research institute in the {{w|Netherlands}} by the {{w|Hanze University of Applied Sciences}}, in collaboration with the Quantified Self Labs.<ref name="Quantified Self Institute"/><ref name="Lupton"/> ||
 |-
-| 2002 || 30,500 || 54,000 || 28,100 || 153,000
+| 2012 || September || Conference || || The third Quantified Self (QS) conference is held at {{w|Stanford University}}, with over 400 attendees.<ref name="The Quantified Se"/><ref>{{cite web |title=The 2012 Quantified Self Conference |url=https://igrowdigital.com/the-2012-quantified-self-conference/ |website=igrowdigital |access-date=30 July 2021 |language=de-DE |date=2 October 2012}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 |-
-| 2004 || 41,700 || 68,500 || 33,200 || 182,000
+| 2012 || October || Demographics || || As of date, the Quantified Self community comprises 70 worldwide meetup groups with 5,000 participants having attended 120 events since the community formed in 2008.<ref name="The Quantified Se">{{cite journal |last1=Swan |first1=Melanie |title=The Quantified Self: Fundamental Disruption in Big Data Science and Biological Discovery |journal=Big Data |date=June 2013 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=85–99 |doi=10.1089/big.2012.0002}}</ref> || Worldwide
 |-
-| 2006 || 56,000 || 88,000 || 39,700 || 212,000
+| 2012 || October || Statistics || General || As of date, the Quantified Self web site lists over 500 tools, mostly concerning exercise, weight, health, and goal achievement.<ref name="The Quantified Se"/> ||
 |-
-| 2008 || 69,900 || 109,000 || 48,600 || 233,000
+| 2012 || Year round || Literature || || By this time, news articles represent quantified self practices as growing in popularity and becoming not only an important feature of health promotion but a part of everyday life, as a way of maximizing productivity and happiness as well as health.<ref name="Lupton"/> ||
 |-
-| 2010 || 86,500 || 131,000 || 76,500 || 250,000
+| 2013 || January 28 || Demographics || || A Pew Research Center survey reports that women and men are equally likely to engage in self-tracking, and that African Americans are more likely than non-Hispanic whites or Latinos to do so.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Inquiries |first1=DC 20036USA202-419-4300|title=Tracking for Health |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2013/01/28/tracking-for-health/ |website=Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech |access-date=19 July 2021 |date=28 January 2013}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 |-
-| 2012 || 99,800 || 153,000 || 106,000 || 287,000
+| 2013 || April 11 || Service launch || Fitness tracking, teaching assistant || Finnish sports instruments manufacturer {{w|Polar Electro}} launches Polar GoFit, an app with a set of heart-rate sensors expressly designed for physical education teachers as a monitoring tool for students' physical activities during lessons.<ref>{{cite web |title=Polar GoFit - Crunchbase Apptopia App Profile |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/apptopia_app/31b6e20e-2b22-414a-87cb-3cf9f799a374 |website=Crunchbase |access-date=22 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Lupton"/> || {{w|Finland}}
 |-
-| 2014 || 99,500 || 162,000 || 99,100 || 276,000
+| 2013 || May || Service launch || Pregnancy testing || Ukrainian-American software engineer {{w|Max Levchin}} introduces Glow, a mobile app that tracks women's fertility cycles. Aimed at couples looking to conceive, the app uses {{w|machine learning}} to identify trends among its female users, prods women to regularly input several data points, such as the time of the menstrual cycle, emotional discomfort, weight, and other details of their physical state.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rusli |first1=Evelyn M. |title=D11: Levchin Unveils New Mobile App Glow |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-DGB-27014 |website=Wall Street Journal |access-date=21 July 2021 |date=29 May 2013}}</ref> ||
 |-
-| 2016 || 85,900 || 151,000 || 91,000 || 220,000
+| 2013 || June || Literature (article) || General || British newspaper ''{{w|The Guardian}}'' asserts that 'The "Quantified Self" movement [is] all the rage for people tracking their physical activity, food intake, vital signs and even their personal genome through digital services'.<ref name="Lupton"/> ||
 |-
-| 2017 || 80,400 || 147,000 || 83,200 || 184,000
+| 2013 || || Background technology || {{w|Data transmission}} || By this time, the {{w|Internet of Things}} has evolved into to a system using multiple technologies, ranging from the Internet to wireless communication and from {{w|microelectromechanical systems}} (MEMS) to embedded systems, and supported by traditional fields of automation (including the automation of buildings and homes), {{w|wireless sensor network}}s, {{w|GPS}}, control systems, and others.<ref name="Foote"/> ||
 |-
-| 2018 || 67,300 || 126,000 || 73,800 || 147,000
+| 2013 || || Research || Fitness/health tracking || Study by Dennison and colleagues interviewing young English users of self-tracking health and fitness apps shows that they don't want other people to know about their use, because it represents them as weak or vulnerable, in need of the assistance of such apps to achieve behavior change. Therefore, sharing their self-monitored information with friends or family members would position them as embarrasing and socially undesirable.<ref>{{cite web |title=Knowledge Care and the Practices of Self-Monitoring |url=http://tracking-ourselves.group.shef.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Self-monitoring-for-health.pdf |website=tracking-ourselves.group.shef.ac.uk |access-date=23 July 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 |-
-| 2019 || 51,300 || 97,200 || 59,300 || 109,000
+| 2013 || || Concept development || Data production || Michael Savage uses the term 'lively data' in an article, to denote the constant generation of large masses of digital data as part of the digital data economy, and the implications of this practice for sociological research methods.<ref name="Lupton"/> ||
+|-
+| 2013 || || Service launch || Fitness tracking || PumpUp launches as an app directed at social fitness status updates. It offers users a photo-based social network on which they can share photos of themselves after tough workouts, healthy meals, or other health-related activities, so as to visualize progress.<ref>{{cite web |title=PumpUp gets $2.4M for fitness social network app |url=https://www.mobihealthnews.com/35124/pumpup-gets-2-4m-for-fitness-social-network-app |website=MobiHealthNews |access-date=22 July 2021 |language=en |date=24 July 2014}}</ref> ||
 |-
-| 2020 || 36,300 || 75,400 || 43,300 || 78,400
+| 2013 || October 25 || Art and design || || An exhibition at {{w|Trinity College Dublin}} entitled ‘Grow Your Own: Life after Nature’ is aimed to invite people to consider the implications of synthetic biology. The projects present ‘living machines’ that result from collaborations between engineers, scientists, designers, artists and biohackers. The exhibition proposes questions that are central to understanding self-tracking cultures and practices, such as ‘how might designed life merge into our own? Where is the boundary between our things and our selves; the designed products that we consume, and our own bodies and identities?’.<ref name="Lupton"/><ref>{{cite web |title=ALEXANDRA DAISY GINSBERG |url=https://www.daisyginsberg.com/work/grow-your-own |website=www.daisyginsberg.com |access-date=27 July 2021}}</ref> || {{w|Ireland}}
 |-
-|}
+| 2014 || March || Device launch || Multifunction || Sony launches the SmartBand SWR10, a digital wristband designed to be worn day and night. It measures sleep cycle to wake the user at the ideal time. It also notifies the user with vibrations about incoming calls, texts, and Facebook and Twitter activity.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Welch |first1=Chris |title=Sony's SmartBand fitness tracker will launch worldwide in March |url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/2/24/5441232/sony-smartband-core-fitness-tracker-release-date-march |website=The Verge |access-date=22 July 2021 |language=en |date=24 February 2014}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}
-[[File:Quantified self.png|thumb|center|700px]]
-==Full timeline==
-{| class="sortable wikitable"
-! Year !! Month and date (approximately) !! Event type !! Domain (when applicable) || Details
 |-
-| 1945 || || Notable comment ({{w|lifelog}}ging) || || American presidential science advisor {{w|Vannevar Bush}} publishes an essay asserting his belief that humans' ability to remember could be enhanced by technology. In this essay, Bush introduces his idea of the Memex, a mechanized device in which people could store all their documents, records, books, letters and memos. People could wear small cameras on their foreheads to capture details of their daily lives and add them to the Memex archive.<ref name="Lupton"/>
+| 2014 || April || Market || General || [[w:Amazon (company)|Amazon]] launches the Wearable Technology Web Store, a page aimed to facilitate for customers to browse the latest wearables from a wide variety of vendors, learn more about products of interest and eventually make a more informed purchase.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sacco |first1=Al |title=Amazon.com Launches Wearable Technology Web Store |url=https://www.cio.com/article/2370014/amazon-com-launches-wearable-technology-web-store.html |website=CIO |access-date=19 July 2021 |language=en |date=29 April 2014}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 |-
-| 1972–1997 || || Notable case ({{w|lifelog}}ging) || || "A known lifelogger was [[Robert Shields (diarist)|Robert Shields]], who manually recorded 25 years of his life from 1972 to 1997, at 5-minute intervals. This record resulted in a 37-million word diary, thought to be the longest ever written."
+| 2014 || April 26 || Demographics || General || Study published on the Quantified Self website reports that American middle-class white men with high levels of digital technological know-how are perhaps the more public face of self-tracking. The largest group of self-trackers in this study were monitoring health-related factors such as physical activity, food consumption, weight, and mood. A group comprised of software engineers and students are found to be interested in tracking work productivity and cognitive performance. Others are found to want to have new life experiences through self-tracking, which they considered to be a form of experimenting.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Choe |first1=Eun Kyoung |last2=Lee |first2=Nicole B. |last3=Lee |first3=Bongshin |last4=Pratt |first4=Wanda |last5=Kientz |first5=Julie A. |title=Understanding quantified-selfers' practices in collecting and exploring personal data |journal=Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems |date=26 April 2014 |pages=1143–1152 |doi=10.1145/2556288.2557372}}</ref> ||
 |-
-| 1980 || || || ||The first wireless ECG is invented.
+| 2014 || May 21 || Service launch || Weight, movement, nutrition tracking || Wellness & Prevention, a division of {{w|Johnson & Johnson}}, launches self-tracking app Track Your Health, which allows users to track and aggregate data, set goals, and visualize their weight, movement and nutrition progress in the form of charts.<ref>{{cite web |title=Johnson & Johnson subsidiary launches self-tracking app |url=https://www.mobihealthnews.com/33348/johnson-johnson-subsidiary-launches-self-tracking-app |website=MobiHealthNews |access-date=20 March 2021 |language=en |date=21 May 2014}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 |-
-| 1998 || || Notable case || || Using digital technologies, American electrical engineer {{w|Gordon Bell}} starts recording as many aspects of his life as possible, including all his correspondence and documents, books he has read, photos, home movies and videos, computer files, mementos, meetings, conversations and phone calls. In 2000, he would start wearing a camera, and in 2002, BodyMedia, an early health-tracking armband.<ref name="Lupton"/>
+| 2014 || || Art and design || Heart rate monitoring || Khot, Lee, Munz, Aggarwal, and Mueller describe a prototype system called TastyBeats, which consists in creating a unique, personalised drink by using heart-beat data from an individual engaged in physical activity. The height of the jet of the drink fountain used and the flavours that are produced for the drink are influenced by the heart rate of the individuals who contribute their data. This work attempts to expand the view of visualizing physical activity beyond virtual screen by providing a real-time and interactive visualization of heart beat data. The TastyBeats system may be used to construct personalized energy drinks that can customize the contents on the basis of the physical activity data of each user.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Khot |first1=Rohit Ashok |last2=Lee |first2=Jeewon |last3=Munz |first3=Helmut |last4=Aggarwal |first4=Deepti |last5=Mueller |first5=Florian Floyd |title=Tastybeats: making mocktails with heartbeats |journal=CHI '14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems |date=26 April 2014 |pages=467–470 |doi=10.1145/2559206.2574830}}</ref><ref name="Lupton"/> ||
 |-
-| 1999 || || || || "{{w|eHealth}} is a relatively recent healthcare practice supported by electronic processes and communication, dating back to at least 1999."<ref name="jmir">{{cite journal | first1=Vincenzo | pmc=1761900 | title=What is e-Health (2): The death of telemedicine? | journal=Journal of Medical Internet Research | volume=3 | issue=2 | pages=e22 | doi=10.2196/jmir.3.2.e22 |doi-access=free | last1=Della Mea | pmid=11720964| date=22 June 2001 }}</ref>
+| 2014 || || Project || Heart rate monitoring || Khot, Pennings and Mueller develop a project named ‘Edi-Pulse’, which transforms self-tracked heart-rate data into 3D chocolate materializations, with the purpose to reward people for engaging in physical activity with a chocolate that represents the level of exertion to which they have engaged in it. The energy expended in exercise is converted into food energy, which then acts to create more energy in the body.<ref name="Lupton"/> ||
 |-
-| 2001 || || Experiment || || {{w|MyLifeBits}} launches as a life-logging experiment. It is a {{w|Microsoft Research}} project inspired by {{w|Vannevar Bush}}'s hypothetical Memex computer system.<ref>{{cite web |title=MyLifeBits |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/mylifebits/ |website=Microsoft Research |access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref>
+| 2014 || || Art and design || Blood-pressure monitoring || Design researcher Stephen Barrass uses a technique called acoustic sonification with the purpose to render personal self-tracked data into objects. Using his own data from a year of blood-pressure monitoring, Barrass manages to produce a version of a {{w|Tibetan singing bowl}}. Barrass argues that not only can people see and hear this physical manifestation of their blood-pressure readings, they can also use the sound as a reflective stimulus that helps them calm their bodies and therefore reduce high blood pressure. This data object can therefore act as both a representation of personal data and an intervention in the type of data that are subsequently generated.<ref>{{cite web |title=(PDF) ACOUSTIC SONIFICATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE FORM OF A SINGING BOWL |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265728798_ACOUSTIC_SONIFICATION_OF_BLOOD_PRESSURE_IN_THE_FORM_OF_A_SINGING_BOWL |website=ResearchGate |access-date=27 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Lupton"/> ||
 |-
-| 2004 || January 1<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Pulse - Virgin Pulse, part of the famed Virgin Group, is passionate about inspiring and engaging employees to live better every day. {{!}} Startup Ranking |url=https://www.startupranking.com/virgin-pulse |website=StartupRanking |access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref> || Service launch || Workplace wellness || {{w|Richard Branson}}’s {{w|Virgin Group}} launches Virgin Pulse, a platform that offers both productivity-, health- and fitness-tracking programs for workers, including wearable fitness, diet, weight, sleep and work commitment trackers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Pulse - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/virgin-pulse |website=Crunchbase |access-date=19 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
+| 2014 || || Research || || Khot, Hjorth and Mueller introduce a system which consists in a number of households that use different material manifestations of their physical activity. These artefacts include a 3D graph of heart-rate data, a flower shape where the length and width of the petals represent heart-rate duration and intensity, a frog shape that changes in size according to the amount of physical activity carried out during one day, a die representing the six zones of heart-beat data, and a ring displaying the number of active hours in a day. The participants are supplied with a digital heart-rate monitor, an iPod Touch endowed with an app for collecting the data, and a 3D printer for their homes to print out the artefacts from their data. The researchers find that viewing and handling the objects helps people gain a sense of their bodily data and illustrates different levels of engagement with these data. They conclude from their investigations: ‘we envision people crafting their world with moments from their lives, using data that was [sic] previously only seen in digital form but now re-entering their physical world in an embodied material form’ The researchers conclude that the emotional connections that people had with their personal data were strengthened by the ability to handle these objects.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Khot |first1=Rohit Ashok |last2=Hjorth |first2=Larissa |last3=Mueller |first3=Florian 'Floyd' |title=Understanding physical activity through 3D printed material artifacts |journal=Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems |date=26 April 2014 |pages=3835–3844 |doi=10.1145/2556288.2557144}}</ref><ref name="Lupton"/> || {{w|Australia}}
 |-
-| 2005 || || || || MyFitnessPal is launched. It is a health smartphone app that tracks nutrition, exercise, and diet. In 2020, MyFitnessPal would be acquired by Francisco Partners for US$345 million.<ref>{{cite web |title=MyFitnessPal - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/myfitnesspal |website=Crunchbase |access-date=18 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
+| 2014 || || Demographics || Fitness tracking || Study by Nielsen reports that women are more likely to wear fitness bands than men, and also more likely to use other specialized mobile health devices. He also reports that owners of wearable devices are more likely to have a high household income, particularly fitness-band owners.<ref>Nielsen, 2014</ref> ||
 |-
-| 2006 || April || || || {{w|23andMe}}
+| 2014 || || Concept development || Data production || Elwell argues that, instead of 'Internet of Things', we should be referring to the 'Internet od Life', in relation to the increassing masses of digital data on a greater number of elements of human life.<ref>Elwell, 2014</ref> ||
 |-
-| 2006 || August 24 || Background technology || || [[w:Amazon (company)|Amazon.com]] releases its [[w:Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud|Elastic Compute Cloud]] product. Cloud computing starts being popularized.<ref name="Amazon.com">{{cite web|url=https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2006/08/24/announcing-amazon-elastic-compute-cloud-amazon-ec2---beta/
+| 2014 || || Art and design || {{w|Lifelog}}ging || An exhibition of artistic responses to lifelogging is held at Chicago's Elmhurst Art Museum. It includes people using photographic or painted self-portraits, the market and sentimental value of objects they own or things they carry while travelling and translated longitude and latitude data of their daily spatial location into kinetic sculptures or weather data into woven sculptures and musical scores.<ref name="Lupton"/> || {{w|United States}}
-|title=Announcing Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) – beta |date=24 August 2006 |access-date=31 May 2014}}</ref>
 |-
-| 2007 || January 15 || Service launch (reading tracker) || || Goodreads is founded. It is a mobile and web app that allows its users to find, share, recommend, read, and review the books they like. In 2013, it would be acquired by [[w:Amazon (company)|Amazon]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon Acquires Social Reading Site Goodreads, Which Gives The Company A Social Advantage Over Apple |url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/03/28/amazon-acquires-social-reading-site-goodreads/ |website=TechCrunch |access-date=18 July 2021}}</ref> As of 2021, Goodreads is the world’s largest site for readers and book recommendations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Goodreads - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/goodreads |website=Crunchbase |access-date=18 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
+| 2014 || || Research || || Intel Research anthropologists Dawn Nafus and Jamie Sherman conduct in ethnographic fieldwork with members of the Quantified Self movement, seeking to document the beliefs and practices underpinning this organization. The researchers discover that discourses of mindfulness and awareness of one's body and one's life were dominant at the Quantified Self Global Conference they attended. They also observe that QS movement members tend to combine technical, community, commercial and personal objectives and often have some kind of technological, academic or medical background. Against arguments that people who relinquish the use of self-tracking devices or practices are disaffected with them or do not find them useful, Nafus and Sherman suggest that people may do so because a new pattern of behaviour has become habituated, so that self-tracking is no longer required.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nafus |first1=D. |last2=Sherman |first2=Jamie |title=This One Does Not Go Up to 11: The Quantified Self Movement as an Alternative Big Data Practice |url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/This-One-Does-Not-Go-Up-to-11%3A-The-Quantified-Self-Nafus-Sherman/0f4fe8a303d5a2f4bc0e171bf564af0868e1f8ae |website=semanticscholar.org |access-date=23 July 2021 |language=en |date=2014}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 |-
-| 2007 || January 28 || Service launch (task manager) || || Todoist is founded. It keeps track of tasks, projects, and goals in one simple place, synching across all the users devices and integrating with all their favorite apps.<ref>{{cite web |title=Todoist - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/todoist |website=Crunchbase |access-date=18 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
+| 2014 || || Research || Energy monitoring || Dawn Nafus investigates how people in {{w|London}} and {{w|West Coast}} {{w|United States}} use a digital home energy-monitoring system. Her interviews reveal the complexities involved in making sense of the kind of information that is created by sensor-based technologies. Among the findings, The interviews show that the more the people learnt about their home energy use, the more questions were raised for them about what else they should be monitoring or about how they could compare their data with other people's data in a useful manner.<ref name="Lupton"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}, {{w|United States}}
 |-
-| 2007 || March 26 || || || {{w|Fitbit}}
+| 2014 || || Research || Fitness tracking || In an attempt to investigate self-tracking cultures and practices empirically and from a more in-depth perspective, Minna Ruckenstein interviews Finnish people who volunteer to wear self-tracking devices continually for a one-week period, for monitoring their heart rates and their physical activity levels. Many of her study participants find the devices reassuring and regard them as benevolent supporters of their efforts to increase their physical activity and fitness. Ruckenstein finds that people who are already regular exercisers or have an interest in monitoring technologies are particularly drawn to participating in the research. The findings also reveal that, at least in the initial stages of wearing a device, people report feeling more aware of their bodies than usual, although some find wearing such devices annoying. Not all of the participants find the data generated from the devices useful or interesting, but some enjoy seeing and reflecting upon their data.<ref name="Lupton"/> || {{w|Finland}}
 |-
-| 2007 || April 1 || Service launch || Productivity monitoring || RescueTime is launched. Based in {{w|Seattle, Washington}}, it is a web-based time management tool that keeps track of what the user does and for how long when they are on their computer. Productivity-monitoring devices and software are becoming a feature of many workplaces.<ref>{{cite web |title=RescueTime - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/rescuetime |website=Crunchbase |access-date=19 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
+| 2014 || || Project || Microbial data monitoring || American synthetic biologist {{w|Christina Agapakis}} and Norwegian odor expert {{w|Sissel Tolaas}} reveal their ‘self-made’ human cheese project, which involves using human microbiota taken from the skin of several people to culture cheeses, each of which have developed from the specific microflora of these people. The exhibition displays these cheeses to the public and invites its members to smell the individual microbial projects. "Just as each human body has a unique microbial collection, so too the cheese that is made from each person's microbes emits a unique odour. This project therefore highlights the intersections between individual features of people's bodies – features of which they may not be overtly aware – and how these data – in this case, their unique skin microbial collection – may be converted into another material form and identified by others via the sense of smell."<ref name="Lupton"/> ||
 |-
-| 2007 || || Concept development || || The term ''quantified self'' is proposed in San Francisco by [[w:Wired (magazine)|''Wired'' magazine]] editors [[w:Gary Wolf (journalist)|Gary Wolf]] and [[w:Kevin Kelly (editor)|Kevin Kelly]] as "a collaboration of users and tool makers who share an interest in self knowledge through self-tracking."<ref name="aetherqs">{{cite web| last= Wolf| first=Gary |title=Quantified Self |url= http://aether.com/quantifiedself|format=blog|publisher=Gary Wolf|access-date=2012-03-26| archive-url= https://www.webcitation.org/66TEHdz4d?url=http://aether.com/quantifiedself|archive-date=2012-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Singer|first=Emily|title=The Measured Life |url= http://www.technologyreview.com/biomedicine/37784/|publisher=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] |access-date= 2011-07-05}}</ref>
+| 2014 || || Research || Heart rate monitoring || Khot, Hjorth, and Mueller investigate the use of {{w|3D printing}} to produce material artefacts that represent an individual's heart rate during physical exertion. "The idea of such artefacts is to encourage people to achieve greater awareness of their personal data and to engage in self-reflection upon being confronted with the material representation of these data".<ref name="Lupton"/> ||
 |-
-| 2007 || September 25 || Website launch || || <code>quantifiedself.com</code> is registered.<ref>{{cite web |title=quantifiedself.com whois lookup - who.is |url=https://who.is/whois/quantifiedself.com |website=who.is |access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref> Set up by Gary Wolf and Kevin Kelly, the website provides discussion forums, supports regional meetings of members and two annual international conferences, and publishes a blog covering self-tracking aspects and strategies.<ref name="Lupton"/>
+| 2014 || July || Device launch || Fitness tracking || A smart technology footwear is introduced in {{w|Hyderabad}}, {{w|India}}. The shoe insoles are connected to a smartphone application that uses {{w|Google Maps}}, and vibrate to tell users when and where to turn to reach their destination.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite news|title=India's Take On Google Glass, A Vibrating Smartshoe|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jaymcgregor/2014/07/25/indias-take-on-google-glass-a-vibrating-smartshoe/|newspaper={{w|Forbes}}|last=McGregor|first=Jay|date=25 July 2014|access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="twsj">{{cite news|title=India's Answer to Google Glass: The Smartshoe|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/07/24/indias-answer-to-google-glass-the-smartshoe/|newspaper={{w|The Wall Street Journal}}|last=Thoppil|first=Dhanya Ann Thoppil|date=24 July 2014|access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="xtech">{{cite news|title=The smartshoe: A much more sensible approach to wearable computing than Glass or a smartwatch
+|url=http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/186824-the-smartshoe-a-much-more-sensible-approach-to-wearable-computing-than-glass-or-a-smartwatch|work=Extreme Tech|last=Anthony|first=Sebastian|date=24 July 2014|access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="Deccan">{{cite news|title=A smart shoe from Indian firm|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140727/technology-science-and-trends/article/%E2%80%98smart-shoe%E2%80%99-indian-firm|newspaper={{w|Deccan Chronicle}}|date=27 July 2014|access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref> || {{w|India}}
 |-
-| 2007 || || Organiztion || || "The Quantified Self movement was founded by Gary Wolf and Kevin Kelly in 2007. From the start it has been a movement that aims to explore ‘what new tools of self-tracking are good for’ and ‘to create an environment where this question can be explored on a human level’. The community of curious self-trackers in this early stage was limited to a Bay Area Quantified Self Meetup Group. Since then the movement has gained huge momentum; today there are hundreds of QS meetup groups worldwide."
+| 2014 || July || Device launch || Emotion tracking || London-based Studio XO partners with Saatchi & Saatchi to create XOX, an emotional technology platform that allows brands and artists to track people's emotional states. XOX enables brands and artists to collect data on the emotional states of individuals in order to measure 'crowd excitement' so as to adjust products and services accordingly.The device is also advertised for people wearing it to be able to identify their own emotions. It consists in a wristband embedded with sensors that collects 'intimate data' on 'levels of excitement'.<ref>{{cite web |title=XOX: Emotional Advertising {{!}} Stylus |url=https://www.stylus.com/ykqfpv |website=Stylus {{!}} Innovation Research & Advisory |access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref> ||
 |-
-| 2008 || || || || "At the center of the quantified self movement is, appropriately, the Quantified Self community, which in October 2012 comprised 70 worldwide meetup groups with 5,000 participants having attended 120 events since the community formed in 2008 (event videos are available online at http://quantifiedself.com/)."<ref name="The Quantified Se"/>
+| 2014 || July 31 || Security || General || A ''{{w|Forbes}}'' magazine report refers to research that finds that there are numerous data security risks associated with a large number of self-tracking apps and devices that were examined, which means that personal data uploaded to these technologies could easily be accessed by others and sold to third parties for commercial gain.<ref name="Lupton"/> ||
 |-
-| 2009 || || Device launch || || Philips releases Fractals, a prototype consisting in digital jewelry or scarf arrangements that are designed to be a hybrid between clothing and jewelry. Using {{w|light-emitting diode}} (LED) configurations to display data, these objects sense bodily changes of the wearer as well as the proximity of others' bodies.<ref>Ryan, 2014</ref>
+| 2014 || August || Device launch || Biology, physiology tracking || {{w|Ralph Lauren}} announces launch of the 'Polo Tech Shirt', a compression shirt that reads biological and physiological information.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Edelson |first1=Sharon |last2=Edelson |first2=Sharon |title=Ralph Lauren Enters Wearable Tech |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/textiles/ralph-lauren-enters-wearable-tech-7846634/ |website=WWD |access-date=21 July 2021 |date=24 August 2014}}</ref> ||
 |-
-| 2009 || February || Literature || || David Ewing Duncan publishes ''Experimental Man: What One Man's Body Reveals about His Future, Your Health, and Our Toxic World''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Duncan |first1=David Ewing |title=Experimental man : what one man's body reveals about his future, your health, and our toxic world |date=2009 |publisher=Wiley |location=Hoboken, N.J. |isbn=9780470176788 |url=}}</ref>
+| 2014 || September || Research  || Fitness tracking || TechnologyResearch publishes results of an internet survey of U.S. residents, finding that a quarter of the respondents said that they used either a fitness-tracking device of a smartphone app to track their health, weight or exercise. Lack of interest and concern over cost were the primary reasons given by respondents who did not use those devices, although almost half of this group said that they would use a fitness-tracking device if it were recommended or prescribed by their doctor.<ref>Graham, 2014</ref> ||
 |-
-| 2009 || June 22 || Literature (article) || || Gary Wolf publishes on <code>wired.com</code> an article entitled ''Know thyself: Tracking every facet of life, from sleep to mood and pain, 24/7/365'', which seeks to explain the concept of the quantified self.<ref>{{cite web |title=Know Thyself: Tracking Every Facet of Life, from Sleep to Mood to Pain, 24/7/365 |url=https://www.wired.com/2009/06/lbnp-knowthyself/ |website=Wired |access-date=21 July 2021}}</ref>
+| 2014 || October 28 || Service launch || Fitness tracking || {{w|Google Fit}} launches. It is a health-tracking platform developed by {{w|Google}} for the [[w:Android (operating system)|Android]] operating system, {{w|Wear OS}} and {{w|Apple Inc.}}'s {{w|iOS}}. It uses sensors in a user's {{w|activity tracker}} or {{w|mobile device}} to record {{w|physical fitness}} activities (such as {{w|walking}}, {{w|cycling}}, etc.), which are measured against the user's fitness goals to provide a comprehensive view of their fitness.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sawers |first1=Paul |title=Google launches Google Fit app for Android, capturing all your fitness data in one place |url=https://thenextweb.com/news/google-launches-google-fit-app-android-capturing-fitness-data-one-place |website=TNW {{!}} Apps |access-date=5 May 2021 |language=en |date=28 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Google Fit Preview SDK now available |url=https://developers.googleblog.com/2014/08/google-fit-preview-sdk-now-available.html |website=Google Developers Blog |access-date=30 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 |-
-| 2010 || April 28 || Literature (article) || || Gary Wolf writes an article in the topic of quantified self, entitled ''The Data-Driven Life'', which described the growing movement of people seeking a deeper knowledge of themselves through tracking sleep, exercise, sex, food, location, and productivity.<ref name="The Data-Driven Life">{{cite web |last1=Wolf |first1=Gary |title=The Data-Driven Life |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/02/magazine/02self-measurement-t.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=21 July 2021 |date=28 April 2010}}</ref>
+| 2015 || January || Device launch || Fitness and sleep tracking || Jewelry company {{w|Swarovski}}, in partnership with Misfit, announces release of a crystal-encrusted fitness and sleep tracker.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Robertson |first1=Adi |title=Misfit's new solar-powered fitness tracker is a giant Swarovski crystal |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/1/5/7489155/misfit-swarovski-shine-fitness-tracker-ces-2015 |website=The Verge |access-date=21 July 2021 |language=en |date=5 January 2015}}</ref> ||
 |-
-| 2011 || May || Conference || || The first Quantified Self international conference is held in {{w|Mountain View, California}}.<ref name="Quantified Self Institute"/>
+| 2015 || April || Device launch || Health tracking, fitness tracking || Apple releases its smartwatch, the {{w|Apple Watch}}, which serves the purpose as a wearable health- abd fitness- tracking device.<ref>{{cite web |title=A timeline: A brief history of Apple Watch |url=https://www.verizon.com/articles/brief-history-of-apple-watch/ |website=www.verizon.com |access-date=31 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 |-
-| 2011 || November || Conference || || The first European Quantified Self (QS) conference is conducted in {{w|Amsterdam}}.<ref name="Quantified Self Institute">{{cite web |last1=Wolf |first1=Gary |title=What is quantified self? |url=http://qsinstitute.com/about/what-is-quantified-self/ |website=Quantified Self Institute |access-date=19 July 2021 |date=18 October 2016}}</ref>
+| 2015 || || Art and design || Data repurposing || American data artist {{w|Laurie Frick}} develops her FRICKbits Data Art app, with the purpose to encourage self-trackers to turn their data "into art". Frick uses various materials for portraying the personal information she has collected on herself, including her ‘Floating Data’ project, which involves Frick's use of laser cut anodized aluminium panels to display the details of her walking data, which she describes as a ‘human data portrait’.<ref name="Lupton"/> || {{w|United States}}
 |-
-| 2012 || April || Literature || || Bruce W. Perry publishes ''Fitness for Geeks: Real Science, Great Nutrition, and Good Health''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Perry |first1=Bruce W. |title=Fitness for geeks : real science, great nutrition, and good health |date=2012 |publisher=O'Reilly Media |location=Sebastopol, CA |isbn=1449399894 |edition=1st}}</ref>
+| 2015 || || Art and design || Data sharing/repurposing || Giorgia Lupi and Stefanie Posavec conduct an analog data drawing project, consisting in collecting and hand drawing their personal data and sending it to each other in the form of postcards, eventually becoming friends. As an example of using analogue drawing techniques to represent personal data, each week, and for a year, they would collect and measure a particular type of data about their lives, use this data to make a drawing on a postcard-sized sheet of paper, and then drop the postcards in the boxes. They would share a blog to describe and represent the project, observing that this data collection and visualization practice ‘became a sort of performance and ritual in our lives, affecting our days and weeks, and inherently changing our behaviour’.<ref name="Lupton"/><ref>{{cite web |title=THE PROJECT |url=http://www.dear-data.com/theproject |website=Dear Data |access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}, {{w|United States}}
 |-
-| 2012 || September 28 || Organization || || The Quantified Self Institute, is officially founded as an academic research institute in the {{w|Netherlands}} by the {{w|Hanze University of Applied Sciences}}, in collaboration with the Quantified Self Labs.<ref name="Quantified Self Institute"/><ref name="Lupton"/>
+| 2015 || July || Demographics || General || According to <code>quantifiedself.com</code>, as of date, there are 207 quantified self 'meetup' groups in 37 countries around the world, with a total of over 52,000 members. The largest number of groups is in the {{w|United States}}.<ref name="Lupton"/> ||
 |-
-| 2012 || September || || || " The group's third conference was held at Stanford University in September 2012 with over 400 attendees."<ref name="The Quantified Se"/>
+| 2015 || July 13 || Demographics || {{w|Wearable technology}} || A ''{{w|Business Insider}}'' report claims that, 'in just a few years, there could be more people using wearable tech devices than there are in the US and Canada'.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stern |first1=Corey |title=The wearable tech market could reach 385 million people and change how we 'consume and use information' |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/wearable-tech-could-soon-reach-385m-people-2015-7 |website=Business Insider |access-date=21 July 2021}}</ref> || Worldwide
 |-
-| 2012 || October || || || "At the center of the quantified self movement is, appropriately, the Quantified Self community, which in October 2012 comprised 70 worldwide meetup groups with 5,000 participants having attended 120 events since the community formed in 2008"<ref name="The Quantified Se">{{cite journal |last1=Swan |first1=Melanie |title=The Quantified Self: Fundamental Disruption in Big Data Science and Biological Discovery |journal=Big Data |date=June 2013 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=85–99 |doi=10.1089/big.2012.0002}}</ref>
+| 2015 || July 30 || Concept development || || Nick Ingelbrecht and Gareth Herschel elaborate on the concept of 'personal analyics', which refers to the empowerment of individuals to analyze and exploit their own data to achieve a range of objectives and benefits across their work and personal lives.<ref>{{cite web |title=Defining Personal Analytics — Consumers Meet Smart Agents |url=https://www.gartner.com/en/documents/3103127/defining-personal-analytics-consumers-meet-smart-agents |website=Gartner |access-date=27 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> ||
 |-
-| 2012 || October || || General || As of date, the Quantified Self web site lists over 500 tools), mostly concerning exercise, weight, health, and goal achievement.<ref name="The Quantified Se"/>
+| 2016 || April 8 || Literature (book) || || Dawn Nafus publishes ''Quantified: Biosensing Technologies in Everyday Life'', which elaborates on social, cultural, political, and economical aspects of quantified self. The book discusses empowering, social control, volunteering, enforcement, data interpretation, and how does all this affect the relationship between medical practice and self care, between scientific and lay knowledge.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nafus |first1=Dawn |title=Quantified: Biosensing Technologies in Everyday Life |date=8 April 2016 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-03417-3 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/Quantified.html?id=h3GyDAAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref> ||
 |-
-| 2012 || Year round || Literature || || News articles represent quantified self practices as growing in popularity and becoming not only an important feature of health promotion but a part of everyday life, as a way of maximizing productivity and happiness as well as health.
+| 2016 || May 2 || Literature (book) || || Deborah Lupton publishes ''The Quantified Self'', which "critically analyzes the social, cultural and political dimensions of contemporary self-tracking and identifies the concepts of selfhood and human embodiment and the value of the data that underpin them".<ref name="Lupton">{{cite book |last1=Lupton |first1=Deborah |title=The Quantified Self |date=2 May 2016 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-5095-0059-8 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/The_Quantified_Self.html?id=fSmRCgAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lupton |first1=Deborah |title=The Quantified Self |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-5095-0063-5 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/The_Quantified_Self.html?id=nUwKDQAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref> ||
 |-
-| 2013 || January 28 || Demographics || || A Pew Research Center survey reports that women and men are equally likely to engage in self-tracking, and that African Americans are more likely than non-Hispanic whites or Latinos to do so.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Inquiries |first1=DC 20036USA202-419-4300 | Main202-857-8562 | Fax202-419-4372 | Media |title=Tracking for Health |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2013/01/28/tracking-for-health/ |website=Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech |access-date=19 July 2021 |date=28 January 2013}}</ref>
+| 2016 || June 24 || Literature (book) || || Dawn Nafus and Gina Neff publish ''Self-Tracking: The Mit Press Essential Knowledge Series'', which introduces the essential ideas and key challenges of self-tracking.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Neff |first1=Gina |last2=Nafus |first2=Dawn |title=Self-Tracking |date=24 June 2016 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-52912-9 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/Self_Tracking.html?id=b4uMDAAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref> ||
 |-
-| 2013 || || Concept introduction || || Michael Savage uses the term 'lively data' in an article, to denote the constant generation of large masses of digital data as part of the digital data economy, and the implications of this practice for sociological research methods.<ref name="Lupton"/>
+| 2017 || June || Research || Location tracking || De Groot and colleagues argue that the proliferation of {{w|GPS}} and {{w|GIS}} technologies present particular opportunities to those interested in single-subject or [[W:N of 1 trial|N-of-1]] investigations.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=De Groot |first1=Martijn |last2=Drangsholt |first2=Mark |last3=Martin-Sanchez |first3=Fernando |last4=Wolf |first4=Gary |title=Single Subject (N-of-1) Research Design, Data Processing, and Personal Science |journal=Methods of Information in Medicine |date=2017 |volume=56 |issue=06 |pages=416–418 |doi=10.3414/ME17-03-0001}}</ref> ||
 |-
-| 2014 || April || Market || General || "Amazon.com Launches Wearable Technology Web Store"<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sacco |first1=Al |title=Amazon.com Launches Wearable Technology Web Store |url=https://www.cio.com/article/2370014/amazon-com-launches-wearable-technology-web-store.html |website=CIO |access-date=19 July 2021 |language=en |date=29 April 2014}}</ref>
+| 2017 || September 11 || Literature (book) || || Phoebe V. Moore publishes ''The Quantified Self in Precarity: Work, Technology and What Counts'', which attempts to demonstrate how workplace quantification leads to high turnover rates, workplace rationalization and worker stress and anxiety.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Moore |first1=Phoebe V. |title=The Quantified Self in Precarity: Work, Technology and What Counts |date=11 September 2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-20160-1 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/The_Quantified_Self_in_Precarity.html?id=de80DwAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref> ||
 |-
-| 2014 || May 21 || || || Wellness & Prevention, a division of {{w|Johnson & Johnson}}, launches self-tracking app Track Your Health, which allows users to track and aggregate data, set goals, and visualize their weight, movement and nutrition progress in the form of charts.<ref>{{cite web |title=Johnson & Johnson subsidiary launches self-tracking app |url=https://www.mobihealthnews.com/33348/johnson-johnson-subsidiary-launches-self-tracking-app |website=MobiHealthNews |access-date=20 March 2021 |language=en |date=21 May 2014}}</ref>
+| 2017 || September 28 || Literature (book) || || Burkhardt Funk and Mark Hoogendoorn publish ''Machine Learning for the Quantified Self: On the Art of Learning from Sensory Data'', which explains the complete loop to effectively use self-tracking data for {{w|machine learning}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hoogendoorn |first1=Mark |last2=Funk |first2=Burkhardt |title=Machine Learning for the Quantified Self: On the Art of Learning from Sensory Data |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-66308-1 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/Machine_Learning_for_the_Quantified_Self.html?id=WZs3DwAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref> ||
 |-
-| 2014 || || Demographics || Fitness tracking || Study by Nielsen reports that women are more likely to wear fitness bands than men, and also more likely to use other specialized mobile health devices. He also reports that owners of wearable devices are more likely to have a high household income, particularly fitness-band owners.<ref>Nielsen, 2014</ref>
+| 2019 || || Service launch || Metabolic health tracking || NutriSense is founded. It is a data-driven metabolic health platform that tracks key metabolic markers in real-time. It uses continuous glucose monitoring, AI-powered meal tracking, and expert coaching. It uses machine learning technology.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collier |first1=Kara |title=NutriSense V2.0 - Discover and reach your health potential |url=https://www.producthunt.com/posts/nutrisense-v2-0 |website=Product Hunt |access-date=18 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NutriSense - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/nutrisense |website=Crunchbase |access-date=18 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> ||
 |-
-| 2014 || April 26 || Demographics || General || Study published on the Quantified Self website reports that American middle-class white men with high levels of digital technological know-how are perhaps the more public face of self-tracking. The largest group of self-trackers in this study were monitoring health-related factors such as physical activity, food consumption, weight, and mood. A group comprised of software engineers and students are found to be interested in tracking work productivity and cognitive performance. Others are found to want to have new life experiences through self-tracking, which they considered to be a form of experimenting.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Choe |first1=Eun Kyoung |last2=Lee |first2=Nicole B. |last3=Lee |first3=Bongshin |last4=Pratt |first4=Wanda |last5=Kientz |first5=Julie A. |title=Understanding quantified-selfers' practices in collecting and exploring personal data |journal=Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems |date=26 April 2014 |pages=1143–1152 |doi=10.1145/2556288.2557372}}</ref>.
+| 2020 || August 27 || Device launch || Fitness tracking || [[w:Amazon (company)|Amazon]] introduces Halo, a health-tracking platform that combines a suite of AI-powered health features that provide actionable insights into overall wellness via an app with a band, which uses multiple advanced sensors to provide the highly accurate information necessary to power Halo insights.<ref>{{cite web |title=Introducing Amazon Halo and Amazon Halo Band—A New Service that Helps Customers Improve Their Health and Wellness {{!}} Amazon.com, Inc. - Press Room |url=https://press.aboutamazon.com/news-releases/news-release-details/introducing-amazon-halo-and-amazon-halo-band-new-service-helps |website=press.aboutamazon.com |access-date=4 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bohn |first1=Dieter |title=Amazon announces Halo, a fitness band and app that scans your body and voice |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/8/27/21402493/amazon-halo-band-health-fitness-body-scan-tone-emotion-activity-sleep |website=The Verge |access-date=4 April 2021 |language=en |date=27 August 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 |-
-| 2014 || || Concept development || {{w|Internet of Things}} || Elwell argues that, instead of Internet of Things, we should be referring to the 'Internet od Life', in relation to the increassing masses of digital data on a greater number of elements of human life.<ref>Elwell, 2014</ref>
+| 2021 || April 15 || Device launch || Blood circulation monitoring || Researchers in Japan build a PV-powered device to measure volumetric variations in blood circulation. The system, which is just a few microns thick, was built with an organic solar module, a polymer light-emitting diode (PLED), and an organic photodetector.<ref>{{cite web |title=I’ve got solar over my skin |url=https://www.pv-magazine.com/2021/04/15/ive-got-solar-over-my-skin/?fbclid=IwAR0IDV2rKJL8kvQ8KpeKwzDs05abIrVDHZcOWQksdY73h4PlOLpElPLe0v8 |website=pv magazine International |access-date=17 April 2021}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}
 |-
-| 2014 || July || || || "In July 2014 a smart technology footwear was introduced in [[Hyderabad]], [[India]]. The shoe insoles are connected to a smartphone application that uses [[Google Maps]], and vibrate to tell users when and where to turn to reach their destination.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite news|title=India's Take On Google Glass, A Vibrating Smartshoe|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jaymcgregor/2014/07/25/indias-take-on-google-glass-a-vibrating-smartshoe/|newspaper={{w|Forbes}}|last=McGregor|first=Jay|date=25 July 2014|access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="twsj">{{cite news|title=India's Answer to Google Glass: The Smartshoe|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/07/24/indias-answer-to-google-glass-the-smartshoe/|newspaper={{w|The Wall Street Journal}}|last=Thoppil|first=Dhanya Ann Thoppil|date=24 July 2014|access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="xtech">{{cite news|title=The smartshoe: A much more sensible approach to wearable computing than Glass or a smartwatch
+|}
-|url=http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/186824-the-smartshoe-a-much-more-sensible-approach-to-wearable-computing-than-glass-or-a-smartwatch|work=Extreme Tech|last=Anthony|first=Sebastian|date=24 July 2014|access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="Deccan">{{cite news|title=A smart shoe from Indian firm|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/140727/technology-science-and-trends/article/%E2%80%98smart-shoe%E2%80%99-indian-firm|newspaper={{w|Deccan Chronicle}}|date=27 July 2014|access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref>"
+== Visual and numerical data ==
+=== Mentions on Google Scholar ===
+{| class="sortable wikitable"
+! Year
+! quantified self
+! self tracking
+! life logging
+! human enhancement
 |-
-| 2014 || July || Device launch || Emotion tracking || London-based Studio XO partners with Saatchi & Saatchi to create XOX, an emotional technology platform that allows brands and artists to track people's emotional states. XOX enables brands and artists to collect data on the emotional states of individuals in order to measure 'crowd excitement' so as to adjust products and services accordingly.The device is also advertised for people wearing it to be able to identify their own emotions. It consists in a wristband embedded with sensors that collects 'intimate data' on 'levels of excitement'.<ref>{{cite web |title=XOX: Emotional Advertising {{!}} Stylus |url=https://www.stylus.com/ykqfpv |website=Stylus {{!}} Innovation Research & Advisory |access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref>
+| 1980 || 2,780 || 3,770 || 30,300 || 10,300
 |-
-| 2014 || September || {{w|Survey}} || Fitness tracking || TechnologyResearch publishes results of an internet survey of U.S. residents, finding that a quarter of the respondents said that they used either a fitness-tracking device of a smartphone app to track their health, weight or exercise. Lack of interest and concern over cost were the primary reasons given by respondents who did not use those devices, although almost half of this group said that they would use a fitness-tracking device if it were recommended or prescribed by their doctor.<ref>Graham, 2014</ref>
+| 1985 || 3,460 || 4,660 || 7.830 || 15,900
 |-
-| 2014 || October 28 || Health-tracking platform launch || || {{w|Google Fit}} launches.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sawers |first1=Paul |title=Google launches Google Fit app for Android, capturing all your fitness data in one place |url=https://thenextweb.com/news/google-launches-google-fit-app-android-capturing-fitness-data-one-place |website=TNW {{!}} Apps |access-date=5 May 2021 |language=en |date=28 October 2014}}</ref>
+| 1990 || 7,340 || 9,440 || 50,300 || 32,600
 |-
-| 2015 || April || Device launch || || Apple releases its smartwatch, the Apple Watch, which serves the purpose as a wearable health- abd fitness- tracking device.
+| 1995 || 12,300 || 18,500 || 13,400 || 65,700
 |-
-| 2015 || July || Statistics || || According to <code>quantifiedself.com</code>, as of date, there are 207 quantified self 'meetup' groups in 37 countries around the world, with a total of over 52,000 members. The largest number of groups is in the {{w|United States}}.<ref name="Lupton"/>
+| 2000 || 23,300 || 38,500 || 56,600 || 138,000
 |-
-| 2016 || April 8 || Literature || || Dawn Nafus publishes ''Quantified: Biosensing Technologies in Everyday Life'', which elaborates on social, cultural, political, and economical aspects of quantified self. The book discusses empowering, social control, volunteering, enforcement, data interpretation, and how does all this affect the relationship between medical practice and self care, between scientific and lay knowledge.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nafus |first1=Dawn |title=Quantified: Biosensing Technologies in Everyday Life |date=8 April 2016 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-03417-3 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/Quantified.html?id=h3GyDAAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref>
+| 2002 || 30,500 || 54,000 || 28,100 || 153,000
 |-
-| 2016 || May 2 || Literature || || Deborah Lupton publishes ''The Quantified Self'', which "critically analyses the social, cultural and political dimensions of contemporary self-tracking and identifies the concepts of selfhood and human embodiment and the value of the data that underpin them".<ref name="Lupton">{{cite book |last1=Lupton |first1=Deborah |title=The Quantified Self |date=2 May 2016 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-5095-0059-8 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/The_Quantified_Self.html?id=fSmRCgAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref>
+| 2004 || 41,700 || 68,500 || 33,200 || 182,000
 |-
-| 2016 || June 24 || Literature || || Dawn Nafus and Gina Neff publish ''Self-Tracking: The Mit Press Essential Knowledge Series'', which introduces the essential ideas and key challenges of self-tracking.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Neff |first1=Gina |last2=Nafus |first2=Dawn |title=Self-Tracking |date=24 June 2016 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-52912-9 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/Self_Tracking.html?id=b4uMDAAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref>
+| 2006 || 56,000 || 88,000 || 39,700 || 212,000
 |-
-| 2016 || September 7 || Literature || || Deborah Lupton publishes ''The Quantified Self''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lupton |first1=Deborah |title=The Quantified Self |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-5095-0063-5 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/The_Quantified_Self.html?id=nUwKDQAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref>
+| 2008 || 69,900 || 109,000 || 48,600 || 233,000
 |-
-| 2017 || September 11 || Literature || || Phoebe V. Moore publishes ''The Quantified Self in Precarity: Work, Technology and What Counts'', which attempts to demonstrate how workplace quantification leads to high turnover rates, workplace rationalization and worker stress and anxiety.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Moore |first1=Phoebe V. |title=The Quantified Self in Precarity: Work, Technology and What Counts |date=11 September 2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-20160-1 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/The_Quantified_Self_in_Precarity.html?id=de80DwAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref>
+| 2010 || 86,500 || 131,000 || 76,500 || 250,000
 |-
-| 2017 || September 28 || Literature || || Burkhardt Funk and Mark Hoogendoorn publish ''Machine Learning for the Quantified Self: On the Art of Learning from Sensory Data'', which explains the complete loop to effectively use self-tracking data for {{w|machine learning}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hoogendoorn |first1=Mark |last2=Funk |first2=Burkhardt |title=Machine Learning for the Quantified Self: On the Art of Learning from Sensory Data |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-66308-1 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/Machine_Learning_for_the_Quantified_Self.html?id=WZs3DwAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref>
+| 2012 || 99,800 || 153,000 || 106,000 || 287,000
 |-
-| 2018 || May 8 || Health-tracking platform launch || || "Google, Android P take on phone addiction with Android Dashboard"<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ng |first1=Alfred |title=Google wants to help you fight phone addiction |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/google-creates-new-android-controls-to-take-on-phone-addiction/ |website=CNET |access-date=4 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
+| 2014 || 99,500 || 162,000 || 99,100 || 276,000
 |-
-| 2019 || || Service launch (metabolic health tracker) || || NutriSense is founded. It is a data-driven metabolic health platform that tracks key metabolic markers in real-time. It uses continuous glucose monitoring, AI-powered meal tracking, and expert coaching. It uses machine learning technology.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collier |first1=Kara |title=NutriSense V2.0 - Discover and reach your health potential |url=https://www.producthunt.com/posts/nutrisense-v2-0 |website=Product Hunt |access-date=18 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NutriSense - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/nutrisense |website=Crunchbase |access-date=18 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
+| 2016 || 85,900 || 151,000 || 91,000 || 220,000
 |-
-| 2020 || June 1 || || || "Google updates Pixel devices with a new "bedtime" feature, new safety features"<ref>{{cite web |last1=Condon |first1=Stephanie |title=Google updates Pixel devices with a new "bedtime" feature, new safety features |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/google-updates-pixel-devices-with-a-new-bedtime-feature-new-safety-features/ |website=ZDNet |access-date=4 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
+| 2017 || 80,400 || 147,000 || 83,200 || 184,000
 |-
-| 2020 || August 27 || Health-tracking platform launch || || "AMAZON ANNOUNCES HALO, A FITNESS BAND AND APP THAT SCANS YOUR BODY AND VOICE"<ref>{{cite web |title=Introducing Amazon Halo and Amazon Halo Band—A New Service that Helps Customers Improve Their Health and Wellness {{!}} Amazon.com, Inc. - Press Room |url=https://press.aboutamazon.com/news-releases/news-release-details/introducing-amazon-halo-and-amazon-halo-band-new-service-helps |website=press.aboutamazon.com |access-date=4 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bohn |first1=Dieter |title=Amazon announces Halo, a fitness band and app that scans your body and voice |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/8/27/21402493/amazon-halo-band-health-fitness-body-scan-tone-emotion-activity-sleep |website=The Verge |access-date=4 April 2021 |language=en |date=27 August 2020}}</ref>
+| 2018 || 67,300 || 126,000 || 73,800 || 147,000
 |-
-| 2021 || March 31 || || || "Cisco is adding new "People Insights" to Webex to help you keep your professional screen time on track."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Condon |first1=Stephanie |title=Cisco adds new "People Insights" to Webex for a work-focused spin on digital wellness |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/cisco-adds-new-people-insights-to-webex-for-a-work-focused-spin-on-digital-wellness/ |website=ZDNet |access-date=4 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
+| 2019 || 51,300 || 97,200 || 59,300 || 109,000
 |-
-| 2021 || April 15 || || || "Researchers in Japan have built a PV-powered device to measure volumetric variations in blood circulation. The system, which is just a few microns thick, was built with an organic solar module, a polymer light-emitting diode (PLED), and an organic photodetector."<ref>{{cite web |title=I’ve got solar over my skin |url=https://www.pv-magazine.com/2021/04/15/ive-got-solar-over-my-skin/?fbclid=IwAR0IDV2rKJL8kvQ8KpeKwzDs05abIrVDHZcOWQksdY73h4PlOLpElPLe0v8 |website=pv magazine International |access-date=17 April 2021}}</ref>
+| 2020 || 36,300 || 75,400 || 43,300 || 78,400
 |-
 |}
+[[File:Quantified self.png|thumb|center|700px]]
+=== Google Trends ===
+The comparative chart below shows {{w|Google Trends}} data for self-tracking (Search term), lifelogging (Search term) and quantified self (Search term), from January 2004 to July 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map. <ref>{{cite web |title=self-tracking, lifelogging and quantified self |url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=self-tracking,lifelogging,quantified%20self |website=Google Trends |access-date=21 July 2021}}</ref>
+[[File:Self-tracking, lifelogging and quantified self gt.png|thumb|center|600px]]
+=== Google Ngram Viewer ===
+The comparative chart below shows {{w|Google Ngram Viewer}} data for self-tracking, lifelogging and quantified self from 1900 to 2019. <ref>{{cite web |title=self-tracking, lifelogging and quantified self |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=self-tracking%2Clifelogging%2Cquantified+self&year_start=1900&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cself%20-%20tracking%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Clifelogging%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cquantified%20self%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2Cself%20-%20tracking%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Clifelogging%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cquantified%20self%3B%2Cc0 |website=books.google.com |access-date=21 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
+[[File:Self-tracking, lifelogging and quantified self ngram.png|thumb|center|700px]]
+=== Wikipedia Views ===
+The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article {{w|Quantified self}}, from July 2015 to June 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Quantified self |url=https://wikipediaviews.org/displayviewsformultiplemonths.php?page=Quantified+self&allmonths=allmonths-api&language=en&drilldown=all |website=wikipediaviews.org |access-date=21 July 2021}}</ref>
+[[File:Quantified self WV.png|thumb|center|550px]]
 ==Meta information on the timeline==
@@ Line 212: / Line 325: @@
 ===What the timeline is still missing===
-* Terms: lifelogging, personal informatics, personal analytics, affective computing, affective wearables, biosensor, GPS, digital compass (smartphone), gyroscope (spartphone), accelerometer (smartphone), internet of things.
+* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6856866/#shil12894-bib-0054]
-* Yuval Harari comments
+* Terms: affective computing, affective wearables, biosensor, digital compass (smartphone), gyroscope (spartphone), accelerometer (smartphone), internet of things, data harvesting, data brokering.
-* Quantified Self Apps
-* [https://blog.doist.com/quantified-self-apps/#steps] !!!!
-* [https://measuredme.com/] (check also domain registration)
-* [https://quantifiedself.com/] (check also domain registration)
 * [https://technori.com/2018/08/4281-the-beginners-guide-to-quantified-self-plus-a-list-of-the-best-personal-data-tools-out-there/markmoschel/]
 * [https://medium.com/swlh/the-quantified-self-movement-is-dead-41a6134d064c]
 * [https://quantifiedself.com/]
-* {{w|Quantified self}}
-* {{w|Wearable technology}}
-* {{w|eHealth}}
-* {{w|Human enhancement}}
 * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Quantified_self]
 * [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2020.00038/full]
-* {{w|Internet of things}}
+* [https://bigthink.com/the-future/programmable-fiber/?utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Facebook&fbclid=IwAR0IaiZAq7TQEdfT71TJ2CrJEBN0U47M0Z4BcxzclP5tkvz9Dya68fLoCeI#Echobox=1633110536-1 This programmable fiber has memories and can sense temperature]
+* Vipul: [https://www.openhumans.org/ Open Humans] and their projects: [https://www.openhumans.org/activity/keating-memorial-self-research/ Keating Memorial Self Research Group], [https://www.openhumans.org/activity/quantified-flu/ Quantified Flu], [https://www.openhumans.org/activity/junos-personal-data-exploratory/ Juno's Personal Data Exploratory]
 ===Timeline update strategy===
 ==See also==
+* [[Timeline of biohacking]]
+* [[Timeline of health software]]
+* [[Timeline of digital preservation]]
+* [[Timeline of medical websites]]
 ==External links==