Difference between revisions of "Timeline of wikis"

Latest revision as of 21:21, 4 October 2024

This is a timeline of wikis, a category of websites or online platforms designed for collaborative content creation and management. Wikis allow multiple users to contribute, edit, and organize information collectively. The word "wiki" comes from the Hawaiian word "wiki," which means "quick." The concept was developed by Ward Cunningham in 1995 to facilitate rapid and collaborative creation of content.

Sample questions

The following are some interesting questions that can be answered by reading this timeline:

What are some foundational ideas and early systems that influenced the development of wiki technology?
- Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Prelude".
- You’ll see a summary of key historical milestones and innovations that influenced wiki technology, including early concepts like Bush's "memex," pioneering hypertext systems, the development of the World Wide Web, and early web browsers. These elements collectively contributed to the evolution of collaborative and web-based platforms.
How did WikiWikiWeb's early innovations set the stage for advanced collaborative tools in later wikis?
- Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Feature introduction".
- You will see a number of early features introduced by WikiWikiWeb (the first wiki) to improve user interaction and content management. Innovations include tracking user activity, managing updates, facilitating discussions, and organizing content. Enhancements like edit summaries, personalized usernames, notifications, and linking between wikis improved navigation and community engagement.
What are some notable wiki-based initiatives focused on community-driven content and collaboration?
- Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Wiki launch".
- You'll receive a list of innovative wiki projects that were launched to enhance online collaboration and address various needs. This includes platforms designed for secure information sharing, transparency, community-driven content, specialized knowledge, educational resources, credibility, and user engagement. Each entry highlights the unique goals and features of these early wiki systems.
What are some significant wiki software introductions and their main attributes?
- Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Wiki software launch".
- You’ll receive a list of wiki software launches along with a brief description of their primary features and functions. Each entry provides insights into the purpose and key attributes of different wiki platforms introduced over time.
What are some influential books published about wiki technology and its applications?
- Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Literature".
- You will see publications on wikis, detailing their contributions to understanding wiki technology, its applications, and impact on collaboration and knowledge management.
Other events are described under the following types: "Concept development", "Conference", "Organization", "Search engine release", and "Symposium".

Big picture

Time period	Development summary	More details
1994-1999	Early Years	The concept of wikis emerge with Ward Cunningham's creation of WikiWikiWeb. Initially designed as a collaborative tool for software developers, WikiWikiWeb provides a simple yet effective system for sharing and editing information. Its success quickly leads to the development of other wiki applications and websites, demonstrating the potential of this new technology.^[1]
1999–2001	Growth and Tensions	WikiWikiWeb experiences significant growth during this period, attracting a larger user base. However, this growth also brings challenges. Disagreements arise among contributors regarding the focus of the wiki, leading to tensions and the creation of sister sites. These sister sites, such as MeatballWiki, allow for more specialized discussions and help alleviate some of the strain on the main wiki.
2001	Rise of Wikipedia	Wikipedia launches as a free encyclopedia, marking a turning point in the history of wikis. Its success introduces the concept of wikis to a wider audience, demonstrating their potential for collaborative knowledge creation. Wikipedia quickly gains popularity and becomes the most prominent wiki of its time.
2002 – 2006	Democratization	Wikis become accessible for the general population. Many different groups of people with various motivations get together to create hosted wikis, which are wiki engines that are installed and hosted on public servers, removing the administration burden associated with running one's own. However, the growth of wikis is severely limited during this period, as the only way one could use a wiki is to first set up a wiki engine on a server. This means that to use a wiki, one has to have access to a server that is available through the Internet as well as the skills to set up and run a wiki engine.^[1] Between 2004 and 2006, a significant shift occurs. Entrepreneurs recognize the potential in offering hosted wikis, also called wiki farms, which enable users to create wikis without requiring their own servers or technical expertise. With a hosted wiki, anyone can begin immediately. The only necessary skill is knowing how to create and edit wiki pages, a far simpler task than setting up a wiki engine.^[1]
2006	Maturation of Wikis	The period from 2006 onwards marks a significant maturation of wikis. Wiki hosting services become increasingly popular, making it easier for individuals and organizations to create their own wikis. Specialized wikis emerge for various topics, catering to niche communities and interests. Additionally, wikis integrate with social media and other platforms, enhancing their accessibility and collaboration capabilities. However, challenges such as quality control, copyright issues, and commercialization arise. Despite these hurdles, wikis would continue to play a vital role in knowledge sharing, community building, and collaboration.

Full timeline

Inclusion criteria

We include:

Early wikis and early feaures shaping wikis as tools for collaborative knowledge sharing and online community building.

We do not include:

An exhaustive list of wikis. See List of wikis.
An exhaustive list of wiki software launches. See List of wiki software and Comparison of wiki software.
An exhaustive list of MediaWiki websites. See Category:MediaWiki websites.

Timeline

Year	Month and date	Event type	Details
1945		Prelude (conceptual origin)	American engineer Vannevar Bush publishes an influential essay titled As We May Think in Atlantic Monthly, introducing the concept of the "memex". This hypothetical machine is envisioned to create automated links between documents, allowing users to instantly access related information. While Bush's vision is more aligned with the idea of a self-contained system rather than a networked one, it lays foundational ideas for hypertext systems, which are key elements in wiki technology.^[2]^[3]
1972		Prelude (conceptual origin)	Swedish-Brazilian information scientist Kristo Ivanov publishes his PhD dissertation, Quality-control of information, which explores concepts aligned with the wiki idea. Ivanov emphasizes collaborative knowledge creation, where collective input and ongoing revision can enhance information accuracy. He highlights the importance of decentralized control and active user participation in information management. While his work predates wikis, Ivanov's theories on social interaction, dynamic information, and quality control lays important theoretical foundations that would later influence the development of wiki technology and other collaborative platforms.^[4]
1972		Prelude (pre-web hypertext)	Researchers at Carnegie-Mellon University develop the ZOG system, a pioneering multi-user database that facilitates collaborative content creation and hypertext navigation. ZOG organizes information into a network of interconnected nodes, allowing users to edit and link content dynamically. While not a direct ancestor of wikis, ZOG introduces key principles such as user collaboration, hierarchical structure, and rapid navigation between information nodes. These concepts would later influence the development of wikis and other collaborative online platforms, marking a significant step in the evolution of knowledge-sharing technologies.^[5]
1981		Prelude (pre-web hypertext)	Two members of the ZOG team, Donald McCracken and Robert Akscyn, spin off a company from CMU and develop an improved version of ZOG called Knowledge Management System (KMS). KMS is a collaborative tool based on direct manipulation, permitting users to modify the contents of frames, freely intermixing text, graphics and images, any of which could be linked to other frames.^[6]
1985		Prelude (pre-web hypertext)	Xerox releases the NoteCards, an early hypertext system developed by Frank Halasz at Xerox PARC. NoteCards allow users to create and link pieces of information, called "cards," each displayed in its own window. This system introduces a flexible way to organize complex information through interconnected ideas, influencing the development of later hypertext and collaborative knowledge systems, including wikis. NoteCards' innovative use of typed objects and links laid the groundwork for more advanced digital information tools, making it a significant precursor to modern collaborative platforms.^[7]^[8]
1985		Prelude (pre-web hypertext)	Janet Walker develops the Symbolics Document Examiner, an innovative hypertext system designed to electronically access all documentation for Symbolics computers. This system allows users to navigate technical documentation through interconnected hypertext links, making information retrieval more interactive and efficient. As one of the earliest practical applications of hypertext, the Document Examiner showcases the potential of linked documents for managing complex information. Walker's work would significantly influence the evolution of digital documentation and contribute to the development of later hypertext-based systems, including wikis and online encyclopedias.^[8]
1987		Prelude (pre-web hypertext)	Bill Atkinson releases HyperCard, a pioneering software for Macintosh that allows users to organize information through interconnected "cards" linked by hyperlinks. HyperCard's user-friendly interface enable the creation of interactive documents with text, images, and media, making it accessible even to non-programmers. Bundled with every Macintosh, it becomes widely popular and would be often regarded as a precursor to wikis. Its emphasis on linking and organizing information collaboratively would significantly influence the development of wiki technology and other hypertext systems, showcasing the potential of user-driven, interconnected information management.^[1]^[9]^[10]
1990		Prelude (World Wide Web)	British scientist Tim Berners-Lee invents the World Wide Web while working at CERN. Designed to facilitate global information-sharing among scientists, the Web introduces HTML, HTTP, and URLs, enabling the linking of hypertext documents across different computers. This innovation transforms information access and sharing, providing the foundation for the modern internet and collaborative platforms, including wikis. The Web's open standards and hyperlinking capabilities would become instrumental in the development of wikis and other web-based collaborative tools, marking a significant milestone in information technology.^[11]
1991	August 6	Prelude (World Wide Web)	Tim Berners-Lee's public announcement of the World Wide Web on the alt.hypertext newsgroup makes the Web accessible to the general public. The emergence of the Web provides a platform for wikis to grow and thrive by offering a global, interconnected medium for collaboration.^[12]
1992	March	Prelude (World Wide Web)	ViolaWWW is released as an early graphical web browser developed by Pei-Yuan Wei. It is notable for its advanced features, including embedded graphics, scripting, and animation, which enhance the multimedia capabilities of the World Wide Web. ViolaWWW provides a more interactive and visually rich browsing experience compared to its text-based predecessors. Its innovations would contribute to the evolution of web browsers and web-based applications, influencing the development of modern browsers and collaborative tools like wikis.^[13]
1993	April 30	Prelude	CERN makes a landmark decision to release the source code of the WorldWideWeb browser (later renamed Nexus) as free software. This move, led by Tim Berners-Lee and his team, allows the software to be used, modified, and distributed without royalties, fostering the global expansion of the World Wide Web. By making the web an open and accessible platform, CERN accelerates its adoption and innovation. This pivotal step lays the foundation for the collaborative nature of the internet, influencing the development of wikis and other open-source projects that emphasize sharing and community-driven contributions.^[14]
1993		Prelude (World Wide Web)	The Mosaic graphical browser, developed by Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina at NCSA, becomes a pivotal innovation in internet history. Mosaic's user-friendly interface and strong support for multimedia, including images, audio, and video, set it apart from earlier browsers. Its cross-platform availability and ease of use leads to widespread adoption, significantly contributing to the rapid expansion of the World Wide Web. Mosaic's success not only popularizes the web among the general public but also lays the foundation for future browsers and influences the development of web-based applications, including wiki platforms.^[15]
1994		Early development	Ward Cunningham starts developing the WikiWikiWeb, the first-ever wiki, as a supplement to the Portland Pattern Repository, a site focused on software design patterns in object-oriented programming. WikiWikiWeb introduces a platform for collaborative editing and knowledge sharing, allowing users to easily create, edit, and expand content directly on the website. The term "wiki" comes from the Hawaiian word for "quick," reflecting the system's speed and simplicity. Cunningham's innovation lays the groundwork for future wiki platforms, including Wikipedia, and revolutionizes how information is collaboratively created and maintained on the internet.^[16]
1995	March 25	Wiki launch	Cunningham's WikiWikiWeb officially launches. Cunningham installs a prototype on his company’s website, c2.com, and invites colleagues to participate. WikiWikiWeb would also be known as WardsWiki.^[16]^[17]
1995	May 1	Early development	Ward Cunningham sends an email about WikiWikiWeb to a number of programmers, which cause an increase in participation.^[16] Cunningham writes: “I've always been interested in the way programming ideas are carried by people as they move between projects … I've put together a new database to give the project [of documenting ideas about making programs work] another try. You can help.”^[17]
1995		Feature introduction	WikiWikiWeb introduces the RecentVisitors and PeopleIndex features. These pages are designed to help users identify and track who was contributing to the site. RecentVisitors provides a list of users who have recently accessed the wiki, while PeopleIndex serves as a directory of contributors, offering insights into the community's active participants. These features enhance the collaborative nature of the wiki by fostering a sense of community and accountability among users, making it easier to connect with and recognize the contributions of others.^[18]
1995		Feature introduction	WikiWikiWeb introduces the NotSoRecentChanges feature to manage the increasing volume of updates on the site. This feature involves transferring excess lines from the RecentChanges page to a separate file called ChangesIn. This allowes users to access a more manageable record of recent modifications without overwhelming the primary changes page. By creating this archival system, WikiWikiWeb helps users efficiently track and review changes over time, enhancing the usability and organization of the wiki as it continues to grow and accumulate contributions.^[18]
1996		Feature introduction	WikiWikiWeb introduces the EditCopy feature, enabling users to edit a backup copy of a page rather than the live version. This feature helps prevent accidental overwrites and provides a basic form of version control, enhancing editing safety and workflow. EditCopy allows users to experiment with changes without affecting the main page, laying the groundwork for more advanced version management. In 2002, it would be replaced by the "Page History" feature, which offers comprehensive tracking and comparison of page revisions. The introduction of EditCopy marks an important step in the evolution of wiki functionality and collaborative editing tools.^[18]
1996		Feature introduction	WikiWikiWeb introduces ThreadMode, a feature that transforms wiki pages into discussion forums. In ThreadMode, users can engage in threaded discussions by adding comments directly to the page and signing their contributions for clear authorship. This format encourages collaborative dialogue, making it easier to follow conversations and fostering community interaction. ThreadMode distinguishes discussion from collaborative document creation, supporting dynamic content creation and enhancing user engagement. This innovation lays the groundwork for discussion pages in later wiki systems and contributes to the evolution of wikis as platforms for both content creation and community interaction.^[18]
1996	August 27	Feature introduction	Stan Silver proposes the addition of categories and topics to pages on WikiWikiWeb, which becomes a significant feature in organizing content. This feature allows users to create and assign categories to pages, automatically grouping related content into indexes. By enhancing the structure and discoverability of information, WikiCategories make it easier for users to find and explore topics of interest as the wiki expands. This innovation reflects the collaborative nature of wikis and becomes a fundamental feature in future wiki platforms, including Wikipedia, marking a major advancement in the evolution of wiki technology.^[19]^[20]
1997		Feature introduction	WikiWikiWeb introduces the RoadMaps feature, which curates lists of pages on specific topics to guide users through related content. Examples like the Algorithms RoadMap or Leadership RoadMap offer structured paths for exploring complex subjects, making it easier for users to navigate and deepen their understanding. RoadMaps add an additional layer of organization beyond categories, helping newcomers and experienced users alike to find relevant information more effectively. This feature enhances the educational value of the wiki and lays the groundwork for similar content portals and guided tours in later wiki systems.^[18]
1998		Early development	Computer scientist Marius Amado Alves develops CasBah (Collective Authoring System Based on Hypertext), an early collaborative content creation tool. Created independently of WikiWikiWeb, CasBah is implemented as a CGI program in the Ada programming language, allowing multiple users to collaboratively edit hypertext documents. Although CasBah features minimal wiki-like behavior and is not as advanced as other wikis, it represents an early exploration into collective authoring systems. This independent invention highlights the growing interest in collaborative online tools during the early development of the World Wide Web, contributing to the evolution of more sophisticated wiki platforms.^[5]^[21]
1998		Wiki launch	Peter Thoeny creates TWiki, a wiki platform written in Perl and inspired by JosWiki. Designed for large corporate intranets, TWiki focuses on providing a collaborative environment for managing and sharing information within organizations. Unlike many wikis that use database storage, TWiki employs plain text file storage, which simplifies deployment and maintenance.^[22]
1999		Feature introduction	WikiWikiWeb introduces the ChangeSummary feature, which allows users to add brief summaries of their edits. This innovation helps others quickly understand the nature and significance of changes, distinguishing between major updates and minor corrections. By providing transparency into the editing process and enhancing usability, ChangeSummary improves content review and collaboration. This feature makes it easier for users to stay informed about updates and contributes to more effective and thoughtful editing practices. ChangeSummary represents a key advancement in managing wiki content and fostering clearer communication among contributors.^[18]
1999		Wiki launch	Steve Wainstead develops PhpWiki, the first wiki software written in PHP. PhpWiki is created to offer a more accessible and flexible alternative to existing wiki software, leveraging PHP's server-side scripting capabilities. Its development enables easier integration with web servers and databases. This makes PhpWiki a popular choice for users and organizations seeking a PHP-based solution for collaborative content creation and management, contributing to the broader adoption of wikis on the web.^[23]
1999		Wiki launch	Zwiki, a Python-based wiki platform, is introduced by Simon Michael and Joyful Systems. Zwiki is designed to offer a flexible and easy-to-use framework for collaborative writing and documentation, allowing users to create and edit web pages collectively. As one of the early wiki engines, Zwiki plays a role in the development of open-source wiki software, offering features like page versioning, user access controls, and customization options. Its implementation in Python makes it particularly appealing to developers in the Python community, contributing to the growth of wikis as tools for knowledge sharing and collaboration in both personal and professional contexts.^[24]
1999		Wiki launch	WikiAnswers (later rebranded as Answers.com) is launched as an Internet-based knowledge exchange platform. It utilizes wiki technology to enable users to collaboratively create and edit answers to questions. This approach allows for a dynamic, evolving repository of information, distinguishing it from traditional encyclopedic sources. WikiAnswers facilitates a community-driven exchange of knowledge, reflecting the wiki model of collaborative content creation. It marks an early application of wiki principles to a question-and-answer format and lays the groundwork for future community-driven Q&A sites. The platform would since evolve through various changes and ownership transfers.^[25] It is an Internet-based knowledge exchange.^[26]
1999	December	Wiki software launch	Traction TeamPage is released as the first proprietary wiki software designed specifically for enterprise customers. Developed by Traction Software, it aims to provide businesses with a collaborative platform that combined the flexibility of wikis with robust security and project management features suited for organizational use. TeamPage allows teams to create, share, and manage documents and projects efficiently within a secure, customizable environment. ^[27]
2000		Feature introduction	WikiWikiWeb introduces the UserName feature, which allows users to replace their IP addresses or host names with personalized usernames in the RecentChanges log. By using cookies to store and recognize these usernames, the feature improves user identification and accountability. It facilitates better interaction and recognition within the wiki community, as contributions were linked to consistent, recognizable names rather than anonymous IP addresses. This enhancement fosters a sense of identity and increased visibility of individual contributors, making it easier to track and acknowledge edits and interactions.^[18]
2000		Wiki launch	Sunir Shah launches the MeatballProject to explore "collaborative hypermedia" and facilitate collaboration among wiki developers. MeatballWiki, a key component of the project and hosted by Clifford Adams on UseModWiki software, would significantly influence wiki technology and development. It would serve as a central hub for discussions on functional improvements and impacted other major wiki projects and script developers, helping advance the evolution of wiki platforms.^[28]
2000		Feature introduction	WikiWikiWeb introduces NewNotification to the RecentChanges page. This feature highlights new updates or changes since a user's last visit, using visual or textual indicators to make recent modifications more noticeable. By improving the visibility of new content, NewNotification streamlines the process of tracking changes and enhances user engagement with the wiki's evolving content. This addition makes it easier for users to stay informed about the latest developments and efficiently review updates.^[16]
2000		Feature introduction	WikiWikiWeb introduces two key features: LikePages and VisualTour. LikePages enables users to view pages related to or similar to the one they are currently viewing, enhancing navigation by suggesting relevant content and improving the interconnectedness of the wiki. This feature helps users discover more about related topics and organize the content more effectively. VisualTour provides a graphical interface that visually represents the wiki’s structure and navigation, aiding users in understanding the layout and relationships between pages. By offering a guided tour and highlighting key features, VisualTour makes it easier for users to explore the content, familiarize themselves with the platform, and navigate more intuitively. Together, these features significantly improve the user experience by facilitating content discovery and enhancing overall site navigation.^[16]
2000		Feature introduction	WikiWikiWeb introduces PageDeletion, a feature that allows users to delete pages from the wiki. This functionality provides the ability to remove outdated, irrelevant, or incorrect content, ensuring that the wiki remains current and accurate. The introduction of PageDeletion adds a layer of content management, enabling better organization and maintenance of the wiki by allowing users to manage and curate the information more effectively. This feature helps in maintaining the quality and relevance of the content on the platform.^[16]
2000		Feature introduction	WikiWikiWeb introduces SisterSites, a feature designed to link and manage relationships between different wikis or related websites. This feature enables users to connect to and navigate between associated wikis, enhancing cross-referencing and collaboration across various platforms. By linking to sister sites, users can access a broader range of information and engage with a larger community of contributors. SisterSites foster greater integration and coherence within the wiki ecosystem, expanding the interconnected network of knowledge bases and improving the overall user experience.^[16]
2000		Feature introduction	WikiWikiWeb introduces QuickChanges, a feature designed to streamline the editing process by allowing users to make and view changes to pages more efficiently. This feature simplifies the interface for minor edits, enabling quicker updates and corrections. By reducing the time and effort required for small modifications, QuickChanges enhances the user experience and promotes active participation in content management. It contributes to a more dynamic and responsive editing environment, improving overall efficiency in collaborative content creation.^[16]
2000		Wiki software launch	MoinMoin is created by Jürgen Hermann and Thomas Waldmann. It is based on PikiPiki and features a flat-file structure with a modular approach to parsing and formatting.^[29]
2000	September	Wiki launch	Sensei's Library, a wiki dedicated to the game of Go, is created by Morten G. Pahle and Arno Hollosi. It would become one of the largest and most active wikis outside Wikipedia in its early years.^[30]
2001	January 15	Wiki launch	Wikipedia is launched by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger. It initially uses UseModWiki software and quickly becomes a major platform for collaborative knowledge. This free, web-based encyclopedia enables users to collaboratively create and edit articles. Wikipedia's open editing system and extensive volunteer contributions quickly establishes it as one of the largest and most popular reference websites globally. Its launch marks a significant milestone in online knowledge sharing, leveraging the collective efforts of a global community to build and maintain an extensive repository of information. Wikipedia's success demonstrates the power of collaborative knowledge creation and would have a profound impact on education, research, and communication.^[31]
2001	April 3	Literature	Ward Cunningham and user Bo Leuf publish a book, The Wiki Way, which distills insights from the development of WikiWikiWeb, exploring wiki principles and practices. It focuses on enhancing group communication and collective knowledge creation through collaborative tools. Serving as both a practical guide and theoretical exploration, The Wiki Way provides lessons for leveraging wiki technology and fosters understanding of its potential for efficient web-based teamwork. This work would significantly contribute to the awareness and adoption of wiki technology.^[32]
2001		Wiki software launch	Janne Jalkanen creates JSPWiki, a wiki software clone of WikiWikiWeb. Written in Java and JSP (JavaServer Pages), JSPWiki provides a flexible, Java-based platform for creating and managing wikis. It aims to offer similar collaborative features as the original WikiWikiWeb while leveraging Java’s platform independence and JSP capabilities. JSPWiki expands the diversity of wiki software options, enhancing the accessibility and flexibility of collaborative technology and contributing to the evolution of wiki tools for knowledge management.^[33]^[34]
2002	January	Wiki software launch	Patrick Michaud launches PmWiki, a wiki-based content management system (CMS) written in PHP. Designed for collaborative website creation and maintenance, PmWiki offers a user-friendly interface and supports extensive customization and extension options. Its flexible structure makes it suitable for developing various types of websites, contributing to its popularity among organizations and individuals. PmWiki's introduction enhances the range of wiki software options and reinforces the wiki model as a versatile and effective tool for community-driven content management and collaborative web development. ^[35]^[36]
2002	February 26	Wiki launch	Enciclopedia Libre Universal en Español is launched as a Spanish-language wiki-based online encyclopedia.^[37]
2002	December 12	Wiki launch	Wiktionary is launched as a multilingual, web-based dictionary project. Designed to create a comprehensive, freely accessible dictionary in over 150 languages, Wiktionary operates under a collaborative model similar to Wikipedia. It allows users to contribute and edit entries, including definitions, etymologies, pronunciations, and translations. Volunteers, known as "Wiktionarians," drive the project, making Wiktionary a vital global resource for linguistic information and language research.^[38] ^[39]
2002		Wiki software launch	TikiWiki is created by Luis Argerich using PHP. Initially developed as a wiki-based content management system, TikiWiki would evolve into a comprehensive platform for collaborative work, incorporating a wide range of features including forums, blogs, file and image galleries, and more. Over time, it would be renamed Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware, or simply Tiki, reflecting its expanded functionality as both a content management system (CMS) and groupware tool. Tiki is known for its flexibility and extensive feature set, making it a versatile solution for building and managing complex web applications.^[40]
2002	December	Organization	Socialtext is founded as a company offering professional, web-based wiki services designed to facilitate collaboration among users on various projects. Socialtext provided businesses and organizations with tools to create and manage collaborative workspaces, enabling teams to share knowledge, documents, and ideas efficiently.^[41]^[42] In 2012, Socialtext would be acquired by Bedford Funding, becoming a subsidiary and further expanding its reach in the enterprise collaboration market. The platform would play a significant role in popularizing the use of wikis within corporate environments, making it easier for teams to work together in a dynamic and integrated manner.^[43]
2003	June 20	Organization	The Wikimedia Foundation is founded by Jimmy Wales in St. Petersburg, Florida, as a non-profit organization. The Wikimedia Foundation manages and supports various free knowledge projects, including Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, and Wiktionary. Its mission is to provide freely accessible knowledge to people worldwide and foster a global community of contributors. The Foundation would play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of these collaborative platforms, promoting the dissemination and growth of open content.^[44]
2003	July 10	Wiki launch	Wikibooks is launched as a response to a request from Karl Wick, a Wikipedia contributor who seeks a platform for creating and sharing free textbooks on subjects like organic chemistry and physics. Wikibooks is a project of the Wikimedia Foundation dedicated to collaboratively writing and maintaining open-content textbooks and educational materials. It allows users to contribute and edit content on a wide range of subjects, aiming to provide high-quality, freely accessible educational resources for learners around the world.^[45]^[46]
2003	July	Wiki launch	Wikiquote is launched as a free compendium of sourced quotations from notable people and creative works across various languages. The platform provides a curated collection of quotes, along with translations of non-English quotes, and links to Wikipedia for additional context and information. Wikiquote serves as a valuable resource for finding and sharing impactful statements and insights, making it easier for users to access and cite memorable quotes from a diverse range of sources.^[1]^[47]
2003	July	Wiki launch	The Wikimedia Foundation launches Wikibooks, a new project aimed at creating and distributing free, collaboratively written textbooks and educational materials. This initiative extends the Wikimedia model of open, community-driven content creation beyond Wikipedia, allowing users to collaboratively develop and edit instructional books on various subjects. Wikibooks supports a wide range of educational topics and provides a platform for users to contribute and refine resources, promoting accessible education globally.^[48]
2003	July	Wiki launch	Wikitravel is launched with the goal of creating a comprehensive, free, and up-to-date travel guide for destinations around the world. The project leverages the collaborative nature of wikis to provide detailed travel information, including recommendations on accommodations, attractions, and local customs. In 2007, Wikitravel would be recognized with a Webby Award for Best Travel Website, highlighting its impact and success in providing valuable travel resources and advice to a global audience.^[49]^[50] ^[51]
2003	November 24	Wiki launch	Wikisource is launched as a free, human-curated online digital library. Originally named "Project Sourceberg," it hosts texts that are out of copyright, in the public domain, or available under Creative Commons licenses such as CC-Zero, CC-BY, and CC-BY-SA. Wikisource aims to provide access to a diverse range of literary, historical, and scholarly texts, making them freely available to the public for reading, research, and educational purposes.^[52]^[53]
2004	February	Feature introduction	WikiWikiWeb introduces RecentPosts, a feature designed to display recent changes made to a page. This temporary script shows IP addresses, UserNames (if set), and timestamps of edits, extracted from four days' worth of server logs. The feature aims to enhance transparency and tracking of contributions, allowing users to monitor recent activity and identify contributors to the wiki pages.^[16]^[54]
2004	February	Wiki software launch	Trac is launched by Edgewall Software. It is an open-source application designed for bug tracking and project management, incorporating wiki functionality to facilitate collaborative development and documentation. Trac provides a unified platform for managing project tasks, tracking issues, and maintaining a project wiki, making it a valuable tool for software development teams and other project-based work.^[55]
2004	March	Wiki software launch	Confluence is launched by Atlassian as a web-based corporate wiki and collaboration software. Designed to facilitate teamwork and knowledge sharing within organizations, Confluence offers features such as document creation, content organization, collaborative editing, and integration with other tools. It aims to improve internal communication and streamline project management by providing a centralized platform for teams to work together on documentation and project-related tasks.^[55]
2004	April	Wiki launch	TV Tropes is launched.^[56] It is a wiki website that collects and documents descriptions and examples of plot conventions and devices, more commonly known as tropes, within many creative works.^[57]
2004	July	Wiki software launch	DokuWiki is launched. It is an open-source application intended for small companies' documentation needs.^[55] Over the years, DokuWiki would become one of the most popular wiki engines available, achieving significant usage with stable interest over time.^[58]^[59]^[60]
2004	July	Wiki launch	OpenStreetMap is launched as an ambitious project to create an open-source street map of the world using wiki functionality. The platform allows users to contribute and edit geographic data collaboratively, building a comprehensive and freely accessible map that would since become a vital resource for various applications, including navigation and humanitarian aid.^[61]
2004	September 7	Wiki launch	Media file repository Wikimedia Commons is launched.^[62] It offers public domain and freely licensed educational media content, including images, sound and video clips to everyone, in their own language.^[63]
2004	September	Wiki launch	Wikispecies is started, with biologists around the world invited to contribute,^[64] Supported by the Wikimedia Foundation, it is a wiki-based online project aimed to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species. It is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public.^[65]
2004	September	Wiki software launch	FlexWiki is launched by Microsoft as an open source application.^[66] Written primarily by David Ornstein, FlexWiki uses .NET technology and has an integrated scripting language called WikiTalk (based on Smalltalk). It stores content in either text files or a SQL Server database.^[67] Though generally well-received, FlexWiki would fail to become popular and would be discontinued in December 2008.^[55]
2004	October	Wiki software launch	JotSpot is launched by JotSpot, Inc., offering a user-friendly, wiki-based platform for collaborative content creation and management. In 2006, JotSpot would be acquired by Google for an undisclosed amount. Google would repurpose JotSpot's technology, releasing it in 2008 as Google Sites, a tool designed for creating and managing websites and collaborative workspaces. This transition allows Google Sites to expand the reach of wiki-based collaboration tools, integrating the features of JotSpot into a broader platform for users to create and manage collaborative projects.^[55]
2004	October	Wiki launch	Wikicities is launched by Jimmy Wales and Angela Beesley as a platform for creating community-driven wikis on various topics. The goal is to enable communities to build their own wikis using the collaborative model of Wikipedia.^[68] In 2006, Wikicities would be rebranded as Wikia, reflecting its expanded vision to support a wide range of community-driven wikis and knowledge-sharing projects across diverse subjects.^[69] By September 2006, Wikia would reach approximately 1,500 wikis in 48 languages.^[70] In October 2016, Wikia.com would be rebranded as Fandom.^[71]^[72]
2004	November 8	Wiki launch	Wikinews is launched by the Wikimedia Foundation as a free-content news wiki. The project aims to offer unbiased, citizen-driven news coverage, allowing volunteers to contribute articles and updates on various topics. Following the collaborative model of other Wikimedia projects, Wikinews would operate in 29 languages as of September 2022, with 1,736,700 articles and 556 active editors, reflecting its ongoing role in global news reporting.^[73] A project of the Wikimedia Foundation, it is a free-content news wiki.^[74]^[75]^[76]
2004	November 23	Wiki launch	Memory Alpha is officially launched as a wiki dedicated to the Star Trek franchise. This collaborative project aims to create the most comprehensive and accurate encyclopedia and reference for all things related to Star Trek. Memory Alpha allows fans and contributors to compile and share detailed information on characters, episodes, technology, and lore, making it a central hub for both casual viewers and dedicated fans seeking in-depth knowledge of the series.^[77]^[78]
2004	November 24	Wiki launch	WoWWiki (also World of Warcraft Wiki) is launched. This wiki serves as a comprehensive resource for players and fans of the popular MMORPG World of Warcraft. WoWWiki provides detailed information on various aspects of the game, including characters, quests, lore, gameplay mechanics, and community activities. It would quickly become one of the largest and most popular wikis dedicated to a single video game, offering an extensive database for both new and veteran players to explore the vast World of Warcraft universe.^[79]
2004	December	Wiki launch	Stupidedia, a German-language parody of Wikipedia, is founded just a week after Encyclopedia Dramatica. The site aims to spoof the serious tone and style of Wikipedia, offering humorous and exaggerated content.^[80] Over time, Stupidedia would become one of the most well-known parody wikis in the German-speaking world, eventually merging with Uncyclopedia.
2005	January 5	Wiki launch	Uncyclopedia is launched as a satirical and humorous parody of Wikipedia. The wiki is dedicated to creating comedic, fictional, and absurd articles, mimicking the style and format of Wikipedia while intentionally providing inaccurate or exaggerated content for entertainment purposes. In July 2006, Uncyclopedia would be acquired by Fandom, which is then known as Wikia. Despite its humorous nature, Uncyclopedia would develop a dedicated following, becoming a popular platform for creative and comedic writing within the wiki community.^[81]^[72]
2005	January 15	Wiki launch	wikiHow is launched with the goal of creating "the how-to guide for everything."^[82]^[83] It is an online wiki-style publication featuring how-to articles on a variety of topics.^[84] In October 2018, Gizmodo would include wikiHow in its list of "100 Websites That Shaped the Internet as We Know It", referring to it as "a consistently useful resource."^[85] In 2019, Forbes would recognize wikiHow in its list of "The Best Small Companies Of 2019".^[86]
2005	February 7	Wiki launch	Fallout Wiki is launched as The Vault by Polish translator Paweł Dembowski. It is a wiki about the Fallout fictional universe, providing detailed information about the game's lore, characters, and settings. In 2007, it would move to Wikia.^[87]
2005	March 4	Wiki launch	Wookieepedia is launched. This wiki is dedicated to the Star Wars universe, providing detailed information on its extensive lore, characters, planets, and storylines. Wookieepedia serves as a comprehensive resource for fans and researchers seeking in-depth knowledge about the Star Wars franchise. It operates under a collaborative model, allowing users to contribute and edit content to continuously update and expand the information available.^[88]
2005	March	Service Launch	Wikispaces, another notable wiki farm, is launched. It quickly becomes popular among educational institutions for collaborative projects and is one of the early contributors to the growth of wikis in academia.^[89]
2005	June 19	Wiki launch	Baike.com is launched by Pan Haidong as Hudong.^[90]^[55] This Chinese-language wiki is designed to provide a collaborative platform for creating and sharing knowledge across a wide range of topics. Baike.com aims to offer a comprehensive and accessible repository of information, drawing on contributions from its user community to build and maintain its content. The site serves as a valuable resource for users seeking detailed and reliable information in Chinese.
2005	August	Conference	The first Wikimania, an annual conference organized around Wikimedia Foundation projects, takes place in Frankfurt, Germany. This marks the beginning of large-scale wiki-related meetings and conferences.^[91]
2005	September 6	Literature	Anja Ebersbach, Markus Glaser and Richard Heigl publish Wiki: Web Collaboration. This work explores the concept of wikis, focusing on their use for collaborative online communication and knowledge management. The book delves into the principles behind wiki technology, its applications, and its impact on web-based collaboration. It provides insights into how wikis facilitate information sharing and teamwork, contributing to the broader understanding of their role in digital collaboration.^[92]
2005	October	Symposium	The first WikiSym, an academic symposium about wikis, is held in San Diego, California. In 2014, it would be renamed OpenSym, continuing as a significant event for wiki research and discussion.^[93]
2006	February	Conference	The first RecentChangesCamp, an unconference dedicated to wikis, is held in Portland, Oregon. It would become known for its informal, participant-driven format, promoting collaboration and innovation within the wiki community.^[94]
2006	April 6	Wiki launch	LyricWiki is launched. This wiki is dedicated to providing a comprehensive and collaborative database of song lyrics. It allows users to contribute and edit lyrics from various artists and genres, creating a valuable resource for music fans and researchers.^[95]
2006	April 7	Wiki launch	Wikiloc is launched.^[96] It is a track-sharing site designed for users to share and discover routes based on GPS tracking. Primarily used for outdoor activities such as hiking, biking, and trekking, Wikiloc allows users to upload and access detailed tracks, waypoints, and route descriptions. The platform facilitates the exchange of route information and enhances outdoor adventures by providing a community-driven repository of navigational data.^[97]
2006	April	Wiki software launch	SamePage is launched by eTouch Systems. It is a collaborative software platform designed to facilitate team communication and project management. SamePage combines wiki functionality with features for document sharing, task management, and real-time collaboration. The platform aims to enhance productivity by providing a centralized space where teams can work together, share information, and track project progress.^[55]
2006	April	Wiki launch	Major Chinese wiki encyclopedia Baidu Baike (not to confuse with baike.com) is launched. Operated by the Chinese search engine Baidu, the for-profit wiki quickly becomes more popular than the Chinese version of Wikipedia within China. Baidu Baike would hold millions of articles, and unlike Wikipedia, it would retain copyright over its content, reflecting a different approach to information sharing in China.^[55]
2006	May 9	Wiki launch	AboutUs.com is launched. This wiki-based platform focuses on creating and maintaining detailed pages about businesses, organizations, and websites. It allows users to contribute and edit content related to various entities, offering a comprehensive directory and profile information. AboutUs.com aims to provide accurate and user-generated insights into a wide range of topics, enhancing online visibility and information accessibility for businesses and organizations.
2006	May 24	Wiki launch	Geographic online encyclopedia project Wikimapia is launched.^[98]^[99] It is a geographic online encyclopedia project, which implements an interactive "clickable" web map that utilizes Google Maps with a geographically-referenced wiki system, with the aim to mark and describe all geographical objects in the world.^[100]
2006	June	Wiki software launch	Redmine is launched as an open-source project management and issue tracking application. Similar to Trac, Redmine offers features for managing projects, tracking issues, and facilitating team collaboration. It includes support for multiple projects, project wikis, forums, and customizable issue tracking. Redmine is designed to be flexible and adaptable, catering to a range of project management needs and integrating with various version control systems.^[55]
2006	June	Literature	Jane Klobas and Angela Beesley publish Books on Google Play Wikis: Tools for Information Work and Collaboration. This publication explores the use of wikis as tools for facilitating information work and collaboration in various contexts.^[101]
2006	July	Wiki software launch	MindTouch, Inc. launches DekiWiki, an open-source wiki software initially developed as a fork of MediaWiki. Over time, DekiWiki would undergo significant modifications, evolving beyond its origins. The software would be later renamed first to "Deki" and then to "MindTouch Core." It is designed to provide advanced features for collaboration and information management, catering to both individual and enterprise needs. MindTouch Core would be recognized for integrating wiki functionalities with enterprise collaboration tools, aiming to enhance knowledge sharing and project management.^[102]
2006		Wiki launch	United States Director of National Intelligence John Negroponte unveils Intellipedia, a secure online wiki platform designed exclusively for use by intelligence analysts and officials across the country's 16 intelligence agencies. Intellipedia is developed to enhance information sharing and collaboration within the U.S. intelligence community, allowing users with appropriate security clearance to contribute, edit, and access a vast array of intelligence data in real-time. This initiative aims to break down traditional silos and improve the efficiency of intelligence operations by leveraging the collaborative nature of wikis in a secure environment.^[1]
2006	August 15	Wiki launch	Wikiversity is launched^[103] as an independent Wikimedia Foundation project.^[46] As of September 2022, there are Wikiversity sites active for 17 languages^[104]^[75] comprising a total of 138,570 articles and 810 recently active editors.^[75]
2006	October 4	Wiki launch	WikiLeaks is founded as an international, non-profit platform designed for whistleblowers to anonymously release classified or sensitive information. The website, spearheaded by Australian activist Julian Assange, aims to promote transparency by publishing documents related to government, corporate, and institutional misconduct. WikiLeaks would gain global attention with its large-scale releases, including diplomatic cables, military logs, and surveillance programs, often exposing controversial practices and sparking public debate. While lauded for its commitment to free speech and transparency, WikiLeaks would also face significant criticism and legal challenges related to the ethical and security implications of its publications.^[105]
2006	October 26	Wiki launch	Metapedia is launched by Anders Lagerström, a neo-Nazi publisher from Linköping, Sweden.^[106] It is an online wiki-based encyclopedia dedicated to fascist, far-right, white nationalist, white supremacist, anti-feminist, homophobic, Islamophobic, antisemitic, Holocaust-denying and neo-Nazi points of view.^[107]^[108]^[109]^[110]^[111]^[112]
2006	November 21	Wiki launch	Conservapedia is launched.^[113] Established by American lawyer and Christian conservative activist Andrew Schlafly, it is a wiki encyclopedia project written from an American Conservative viewpoint, to fix what is seen as a liberal bias in Wikipedia.^[114]
2006	December	Wiki launch	Sunshine Press launches the `wikiLeaks.org` website, as part of an international non-profit organization that obtains and publishes sensitive information.^[115]^[116]
2006	December	Wiki software launch	Clearspace, a collaborative software platform created by Jive Software, is launched. It provides tools for team collaboration, content management, and community building. The platform would be rebranded as Jive SBS, then Jive Engage, and eventually simply Jive. This evolution reflects the dynamic nature of enterprise collaboration tools during this period.^[55]^[117]
2006	December	Wiki launch	Wikivoyage is launched as a non-commercial travel wiki, created by former authors and administrators of WikiTravel. Unlike its predecessor, Wikivoyage is designed to provide travel information and guides without commercial interests, relying on a community-driven model to offer comprehensive and up-to-date travel content. The platform allows users to contribute and edit articles on destinations, accommodations, and travel tips, aiming to foster a collaborative and unbiased resource for travelers worldwide. This launch marks a significant shift towards creating an open and freely accessible travel guide online.^[55]
2007	January	Wiki launch	Amazon.com releases Amapedia, a product-review wiki integrated into its website. Amapedia allows users to collaboratively create and edit product information, reflecting the growing influence of wikis in mainstream web services. However, despite its innovative approach, Amapedia would be shut down in June 2010 due to limited user engagement.^[55]^[118]^[119]
2007	January	Project launch	DBpedia is launched as a project aimed at extracting structured data from Wikipedia and making it available in a machine-readable format. This initiative enables advanced querying of Wikipedia data, contributing significantly to the Linked Data movement by providing a foundational dataset that could be linked to other web resources. By 2008, it would become a major component of the Linked Data initiative.^[120]
2007	February	Wiki launch	Penguin Books launches a wiki to create the planned novel A Million Penguins, in a well-publicized experiment at creating a crowd-generated novel. The wiki would be shut down a month later, not having created a coherent work.^[121]
2007		Wiki launch	ShoutWiki, a wiki farm, is founded.^[122] An alternative to Wikia, ShoutWiki is launched as a wiki farm offering a free, ad-supported hosting service for wikis. It provides a platform for users to create and manage their own wikis without cost, making it accessible for various projects and communities. Unlike Wikia, which operates on a larger scale and with different monetization strategies, ShoutWiki focuses on providing a straightforward, user-friendly environment with basic support and customization options. Its ad-supported model allows for a no-cost entry point for users interested in establishing collaborative online spaces.^[123]
2007	March	Concept development	The word "wiki" enters the Oxford English Dictionary. This milestone recognizes the widespread adoption and significance of wikis in online collaboration and information sharing.^[124]
2007	March	Wiki launch	Larry Sanger, co-founder of Wikipedia, launches Citizendium as an alternative to traditional wikis. Unlike Wikipedia, Citizendium emphasizes expert oversight and requires contributors to use their real names, aiming to enhance credibility and accountability. The platform seeks to address issues of reliability and anonymity found in Wikipedia by involving subject-matter experts in the review process. Citizendium’s model is designed to combine the collaborative nature of wikis with the authority of expert input, reflecting a shift towards a more structured approach in online encyclopedia creation.^[125]
2007	May 22	Wiki launch	RationalWiki is launched.^[126] It is an online wiki whose stated goals are to "analyze and refute pseudoscience and the anti-science movement, document 'crank' ideas, explore conspiracy theories, authoritarianism, and fundamentalism, and analyze how these subjects are handled in the media."^[127]
2007	-	Wiki launch	Proteopedia is created at the Weizmann Institute of Science.^[128] It is a unique wiki-based 3D encyclopedia dedicated to proteins and other molecules. Proteopedia allows users to explore and visualize molecular structures in three dimensions, providing detailed information about protein functions, interactions, and structures. This interactive platform is designed to enhance understanding in molecular biology and biochemistry by offering a collaborative and dynamic resource for researchers and students.^[129]^[130]^[131]^[132]
2007	October	Wiki launch	The OnePile Filing System is introduced. This system aims to simplify document management by using a single, unified repository for all files and information, organized in a wiki format. The goal is to streamline access and collaboration by eliminating the complexity of multiple folders and file structures, instead offering a single, searchable, and editable space where users could organize and share documents more efficiently. The OnePile Filing System leverages wiki technology to provide a more flexible and user-friendly approach to information management.^[16]
2007	December 6	Literature	Mark S. Choate publishes Professional Wikis, which shows how to install, use, manage, and extend a wiki using MediaWiki. It teaches wiki terminology and how to create user accounts and new pages, among other skills.^[133]
2008	?	Wiki launch	WikiTree is launched as a collaborative family tree website. It allows users to build and share a single global family tree, enabling collaboration on genealogical research. WikiTree’s approach emphasizes the collective effort of its users to create a comprehensive and accurate family history, integrating features for family collaboration, research, and documentation. The site provides tools for users to connect with others researching similar family lines and encourages the sharing of family information while maintaining a focus on privacy and data accuracy.^[134]^[135]
2008	May	Search engine release	Powerset, a company established in 2005, releases a search engine that utilizes data from the English Wikipedia to answer natural-language queries. This innovation allows users to obtain more precise answers to complex questions. Microsoft would acquire Powerset in July 2008, integrating its technology to enhance the Bing search engine’s capabilities.^[136]
2008	September	Wiki launch	Catawiki is launched as a wiki-based platform for auctions. Initially focusing on collectibles, rare items, and unique objects, Catawiki allows users to browse, bid, and buy items through an online auction format. Over time, it would evolve to cover a broader range of categories, including art, antiques, and luxury items, becoming a significant player in the online auction market. The platform combines the auction model with a user-friendly interface and expert curation to facilitate transactions and attract buyers and sellers globally.^[137]
2008	November	Literature	Matthew Barton, Robert Cummings and Matt Barton publish Wiki Writing: Collaborative Learning in the College Classroom. This book examines the use of wikis as educational tools in higher education. It focuses on how wikis can facilitate collaborative learning, enhance student engagement, and improve writing skills in the classroom. The authors offer practical advice and strategies for integrating wikis into college curricula, demonstrating their potential to foster collaborative, peer-driven educational environments.^[138]
2008	December	Literature	James A. West and Margaret L. West publish Using Wikis for Online Collaboration: The Power of the Read-Write Web, which explores the capabilities of wikis as tools for online collaboration, emphasizing their role in enhancing teamwork and information sharing. The book provides practical insights into how wikis can be utilized effectively for collaborative projects and highlights the benefits of the "read-write" web, where users not only consume content but also contribute to and modify it.^[139]
2009	January	Wiki launch	The Polymath Project begins.^[140] It is a collaboration among mathematicians to solve important and difficult mathematical problems by coordinating many mathematicians to communicate with each other on finding the best route to the solution.^[141]
2009	April	Wiki launch	Tricki is launched as a wiki dedicated to storing and sharing tricks and strategies for proving mathematical results. It serves as a collaborative platform where mathematicians and enthusiasts can contribute and access a collection of problem-solving techniques and insights. The wiki aims to support the mathematical community by providing a repository of valuable strategies that can aid in understanding and solving complex mathematical problems.^[142]
2010	May	Wiki launch	TermWiki is announced by CSOFT International Ltd.," a leading provider of multilingual localization, testing, and outsourced software development for the global market, announced today the upcoming launch of TermWiki, the localization industry’s first multilingual, collaborative and Wiki-based terminology management system."^[143]
2010	August	Wiki launch	Open protein structure annotation network (TOPSAN) is launched as a specialized wiki designed to collect, share, and distribute information about the protein three-dimensional structures of proteins. The platform aims to facilitate collaboration and data sharing among researchers and scientists in the field of protein biology, providing a centralized resource for annotated protein structures and related scientific information.^[144]
2010	December	Wiki software launch	SAP enhances its NetWeaver Portal application by incorporating wiki functionality. This addition allows users to collaboratively create, edit, and organize content directly within the portal, leveraging the collaborative nature of wikis to improve knowledge sharing and project management. By integrating wiki software, SAP enables teams to document processes, share insights, and maintain an evolving repository of information, enhancing the overall utility and user experience of the NetWeaver Portal. This move aligns with the broader trend of integrating social and collaborative tools into enterprise software to boost productivity and innovation.
2011	February	Literature	Dan Woods and Peter Thoeny publish Wikis For Dummies,^[145] which attempts to offer a friendly guide to get the user you up and running in the wiki world in short time, from creating and editing wiki pages and going public to handling maintenance, promotion, and project management.^[146]
2012	October 30	Wiki launch	The Wikidata project, a collaborative data repository, is officially launched. Wikidata is designed to provide a centralized source of data that could be utilized across all language editions of Wikipedia, streamlining the process of updating and maintaining information on the platform.^[147]
2014	December	Wiki launch	Everipedia is launched as a blockchain-based online encyclopedia. It aims to create a decentralized and open-source platform for knowledge sharing, utilizing blockchain technology to ensure transparency, security, and immutability of its content. Unlike traditional wikis, Everipedia integrates blockchain to offer a more distributed model of content management and verification. This innovative approach seeks to address issues related to content censorship and reliability, providing a platform where users can freely contribute and access information with greater accountability.^[148]^[149]
2015	April 17	Wiki launch	Namuwiki is launched as a South Korean online encyclopedia. It is a wiki-style platform where users can create and edit articles on various topics, similar to other wiki-based sites. Namuwiki is known for its focus on a broad range of subjects, including popular culture, technology, and Korean society, and would gain popularity in South Korea for its detailed and community-driven content.^[150]
2017	March 12	Wiki launch	Timelines Wiki is launched by Issa Rice.^[151] It is a wiki storing timelines on various topics. The platform is designed to organize and present chronological information systematically, making it a valuable resource for understanding historical and contemporary events, projects, and developments across various fields.^[152]
2017	October 30	Wiki launch	WikiTribune is launched. Founded by Jimmy Wales, co-founder of Wikipedia, WikiTribune is a news website that combines traditional journalism with wiki-style editing. It aims to produce high-quality, fact-checked news articles by engaging journalists and a community of volunteer contributors who can collaborate on articles and ensure accuracy. The platform seeks to address issues of misinformation and bias in news reporting by leveraging collaborative editing and transparency.^[153] In November 2019, the original WikiTribune website would be redirected to WT.Social.

Visual data

Google trends

The image below shows Google Trends data for Wiki (topic), from January 2004 to September 2024, when the screenshot as taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.^[154]

Google Ngram Viewer

The chart below shows Google Ngram Viewer data for wiki, from 1995 to 2022.^[155]

Wikipedia views

The chart below shows Wikipedia Views data for English article Wiki, from July 2015 to August 2024.^[156]

Meta information on the timeline

How the timeline was built

The initial version of the timeline was written by Sebastian.

Funding information for this timeline is available.

Feedback and comments

Feedback for the timeline can be provided at the following places:

FIXME

What the timeline is still missing

Timeline update strategy

External links

References

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[141] Milton, Nick. "Solving problems through blogs and wikis - lessons from Polymath". nickmilton. Retrieved 10 September 2022.

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Difference between revisions of "Timeline of wikis"

Latest revision as of 21:21, 4 October 2024

Contents

Sample questions

Big picture

Full timeline

Inclusion criteria

Timeline

Visual data

Google trends

Google Ngram Viewer

Wikipedia views

Meta information on the timeline

How the timeline was built

Feedback and comments

What the timeline is still missing

Timeline update strategy

See also

External links

References

Navigation menu

Personal tools

Namespaces

Variants

Views

More

Search

Navigation

Tools

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 The following are some interesting questions that can be answered by reading this timeline:
+* What are some foundational ideas and early systems that influenced the development of wiki technology?
+** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Prelude".
+** You’ll see a summary of key historical milestones and innovations that influenced wiki technology, including early concepts like Bush's "memex," pioneering hypertext systems, the development of the {{w|World Wide Web}}, and early web browsers. These elements collectively contributed to the evolution of collaborative and web-based platforms.
+* How did WikiWikiWeb's early innovations set the stage for advanced collaborative tools in later wikis?
+** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Feature introduction".
+** You will see a number of early features introduced by WikiWikiWeb (the first wiki) to improve user interaction and content management. Innovations include tracking user activity, managing updates, facilitating discussions, and organizing content. Enhancements like edit summaries, personalized usernames, notifications, and linking between wikis improved navigation and community engagement.
+* What are some notable wiki-based initiatives focused on community-driven content and collaboration?
+** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Wiki launch".
+** You'll receive a list of innovative wiki projects that were launched to enhance online collaboration and address various needs. This includes platforms designed for secure information sharing, transparency, community-driven content, specialized knowledge, educational resources, credibility, and user engagement. Each entry highlights the unique goals and features of these early wiki systems.
+* What are some significant wiki software introductions and their main attributes?
+** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Wiki software launch".
+** You’ll receive a list of wiki software launches along with a brief description of their primary features and functions. Each entry provides insights into the purpose and key attributes of different wiki platforms introduced over time.
+* What are some influential books published about wiki technology and its applications?
+** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Literature".
+** You will see publications on wikis, detailing their contributions to understanding wiki technology, its applications, and impact on collaboration and knowledge management.
+* Other events are described under the following types: "Concept development", "Conference", "Organization", "Search engine release", and "Symposium".
 ==Big picture==
@@ Line 10: / Line 27: @@
 ! Time period !! Development summary !! More details
 |-
-|
+| 1994-1999 || Early Years || The concept of wikis emerge with Ward Cunningham's creation of WikiWikiWeb. Initially designed as a collaborative tool for software developers, WikiWikiWeb provides a simple yet effective system for sharing and editing information. Its success quickly leads to the development of other wiki applications and websites, demonstrating the potential of this new technology.<ref name="Woods">{{cite book |last1=Woods |first1=Dan |last2=Thoeny |first2=Peter |title=Wikis For Dummies |date=8 February 2011 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-05066-8 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/Wikis_For_Dummies.html?id=5VXgXlU7g-YC&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref>
+|-
+| 1999–2001 || Growth and Tensions || WikiWikiWeb experiences significant growth during this period, attracting a larger user base. However, this growth also brings challenges. Disagreements arise among contributors regarding the focus of the wiki, leading to tensions and the creation of sister sites. These sister sites, such as MeatballWiki, allow for more specialized discussions and help alleviate some of the strain on the main wiki.
+|-
+| 2001 || Rise of Wikipedia || Wikipedia launches as a free encyclopedia, marking a turning point in the history of wikis. Its success introduces the concept of wikis to a wider audience, demonstrating their potential for collaborative knowledge creation. Wikipedia quickly gains popularity and becomes the most prominent wiki of its time.
 |-
-| 1995–2002 || Wiki sites || First period in the history of wikis, in which the only people who could use wikis are those who can set up their own server, install the software, and get a wiki engine running.<ref name="Woods">{{cite book |last1=Woods |first1=Dan |last2=Thoeny |first2=Peter |title=Wikis For Dummies |date=8 February 2011 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-05066-8 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/Wikis_For_Dummies.html?id=5VXgXlU7g-YC&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref>
+| 2002 – 2006 || Democratization || Wikis become accessible for the general population. Many different groups of people with various motivations get together to create hosted wikis, which are wiki engines that are installed and hosted on public servers, removing the administration burden associated with running one's own. However, the growth of wikis is severely limited during this period, as the only way one could use a wiki is to first set up a wiki engine on a server. This means that to use a wiki, one has to have access to a server that is available through the Internet as well as the skills to set up and run a wiki engine.<ref name="Woods"/> Between 2004 and 2006, a significant shift occurs. Entrepreneurs recognize the potential in offering hosted wikis, also called wiki farms, which enable users to create wikis without requiring their own servers or technical expertise. With a hosted wiki, anyone can begin immediately. The only necessary skill is knowing how to create and edit wiki pages, a far simpler task than setting up a wiki engine.<ref name="Woods"/>
 |-
-| 2002 – 2006 || || Wikis become accessible for the general population. Many different groups of people with various motivations get together to create hosted wikis, which are wiki engines that are installed and hosted on public servers, removing the administration burden associated with running one's own. However, the growth of wikis is severely limited during this period, as the only way one could use a wiki is to first set up a wiki engine on a server. This means that to use a wiki, one has to have access to a server that is available through the Internet as well as the skills to set up and run a wiki engine.<ref name="Woods"/> "From 2004 to 2006, something dramatic changed. Entrepreneurs noticed the market opportunity for providing hosted wikis (also known as wiki farms) that allowed people to create wikis without needing their own server or special skills. With a hosted wiki, anyone can get started right away. All you need to know is how to create and edit wiki pages, which is much easer than setting up a wiki engine."<ref name="Woods"/>
+| 2006 || Maturation of Wikis || The period from 2006 onwards marks a significant maturation of wikis. Wiki hosting services become increasingly popular, making it easier for individuals and organizations to create their own wikis. Specialized wikis emerge for various topics, catering to niche communities and interests. Additionally, wikis integrate with social media and other platforms, enhancing their accessibility and collaboration capabilities. However, challenges such as quality control, copyright issues, and commercialization arise. Despite these hurdles, wikis would continue to play a vital role in knowledge sharing, community building, and collaboration.
 |-
 |}
 ==Full timeline==
+=== Inclusion criteria ===
+We include:
+* Early wikis and early feaures shaping wikis as tools for collaborative knowledge sharing and online community building.
+We do not include:
+* An exhaustive list of wikis. See {{w|List of wikis}}.
+* An exhaustive list of wiki software launches. See {{w|List of wiki software}} and {{w|Comparison of wiki software}}.
+* An exhaustive list of MediaWiki websites. See {{w|Category:MediaWiki websites}}.
+=== Timeline ===
 {| class="sortable wikitable"
 ! Year !! Month and date !! Event type !! Details
 |-
-| 1945 || || Conceptual origin || American engineer {{w|Vannevar Bush}} publishes an influential essay titled ''As We May Think'' in ''{{w|Atlantic Monthly}}'', introducing the concept of the "memex". This hypothetical machine is envisioned to create automated links between documents, allowing users to instantly access related information. While Bush's vision is more aligned with the idea of a self-contained system rather than a networked one, it lays foundational ideas for hypertext systems, which are key elements in wiki technology.<ref>{{cite web |title=As We May Think - The Atlantic (July 1945) |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100224145631/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/194507/bush |website=web.archive.org |access-date=1 September 2022 |date=24 February 2010}}</ref><ref name="britannica">{{cite web |title=wiki {{!}} Definition & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/wiki |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=7 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
+| 1945 || || Prelude (conceptual origin) || American engineer {{w|Vannevar Bush}} publishes an influential essay titled ''As We May Think'' in ''{{w|Atlantic Monthly}}'', introducing the concept of the "memex". This hypothetical machine is envisioned to create automated links between documents, allowing users to instantly access related information. While Bush's vision is more aligned with the idea of a self-contained system rather than a networked one, it lays foundational ideas for hypertext systems, which are key elements in wiki technology.<ref>{{cite web |title=As We May Think - The Atlantic (July 1945) |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100224145631/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/194507/bush |website=web.archive.org |access-date=1 September 2022 |date=24 February 2010}}</ref><ref name="britannica">{{cite web |title=wiki {{!}} Definition & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/wiki |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=7 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
-|-
-| 1972 || || Conceptual origin || Swedish-Brazilian information scientist {{w|Kristo Ivanov}} publishes his PhD dissertation, ''Quality-control of information'', which explores concepts aligned with the wiki idea. Ivanov emphasizes collaborative knowledge creation, where collective input and ongoing revision can enhance information accuracy. He highlights the importance of decentralized control and active user participation in information management. While his work predates wikis, Ivanov's theories on social interaction, dynamic information, and quality control lays important theoretical foundations that would later influence the development of wiki technology and other collaborative platforms.<ref>{{cite web |title=Quality-control of information |url=http://www8.informatik.umu.se/~kivanov/diss-avh.html |website=informatik.umu.se |access-date=1 September 2022}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1972 || || Pre-web hypertext || Researchers at {{w|Carnegie-Mellon University}} develop the [[w:ZOG (hypertext)|ZOG]] system, a pioneering multi-user database that facilitates collaborative content creation and hypertext navigation. ZOG organizes information into a network of interconnected nodes, allowing users to edit and link content dynamically. While not a direct ancestor of wikis, ZOG introduces key principles such as user collaboration, [[w:Hierarchical organization|hierarchical structure]], and rapid navigation between information nodes. These concepts would later influence the development of wikis and other collaborative online platforms, marking a significant step in the evolution of knowledge-sharing technologies.<ref name="Wiki Wiki Origin">{{cite web |title=Wiki Wiki Origin |url=https://wiki.c2.com/?WikiWikiOrigin= |website=wiki.c2.com |access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref>
+| 1972 || || Prelude (conceptual origin) || Swedish-Brazilian information scientist {{w|Kristo Ivanov}} publishes his PhD dissertation, ''Quality-control of information'', which explores concepts aligned with the wiki idea. Ivanov emphasizes collaborative knowledge creation, where collective input and ongoing revision can enhance information accuracy. He highlights the importance of decentralized control and active user participation in information management. While his work predates wikis, Ivanov's theories on social interaction, dynamic information, and quality control lays important theoretical foundations that would later influence the development of wiki technology and other collaborative platforms.<ref>{{cite web |title=Quality-control of information |url=http://www8.informatik.umu.se/~kivanov/diss-avh.html |website=informatik.umu.se |access-date=1 September 2022}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1981 || || Pre-web hypertext || Two members of the ZOG team, Donald McCracken and Robert Akscyn, spin off a company from CMU and develop an improved version of ZOG called {{w|Knowledge Management System}} (KMS). KMS is a collaborative tool based on [[w:direct manipulation interface|direct manipulation]], permitting users to modify the contents of frames, freely intermixing text, graphics and images, any of which could be linked to other frames.
+| 1972 || || Prelude (pre-web hypertext) || Researchers at {{w|Carnegie-Mellon University}} develop the [[w:ZOG (hypertext)|ZOG]] system, a pioneering multi-user database that facilitates collaborative content creation and hypertext navigation. ZOG organizes information into a network of interconnected nodes, allowing users to edit and link content dynamically. While not a direct ancestor of wikis, ZOG introduces key principles such as user collaboration, [[w:Hierarchical organization|hierarchical structure]], and rapid navigation between information nodes. These concepts would later influence the development of wikis and other collaborative online platforms, marking a significant step in the evolution of knowledge-sharing technologies.<ref name="Wiki Wiki Origin">{{cite web |title=Wiki Wiki Origin |url=https://wiki.c2.com/?WikiWikiOrigin= |website=wiki.c2.com |access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1985 || || Pre-web hypertext || {{w|Xerox}} releases the {{w|NoteCards}}, an early hypertext system developed by Frank Halasz at [[w:PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]]. NoteCards allow users to create and link pieces of information, called "cards," each displayed in its own window. This system introduces a flexible way to organize complex information through interconnected ideas, influencing the development of later hypertext and collaborative knowledge systems, including wikis. NoteCards' innovative use of typed objects and links laid the groundwork for more advanced digital information tools, making it a significant precursor to modern collaborative platforms.<ref>{{cite web |title=Note Cards |url=https://wiki.c2.com/?NoteCards= |website=wiki.c2.com |access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="De Bra"/>
+| 1981 || || Prelude (pre-web hypertext) || Two members of the ZOG team, Donald McCracken and Robert Akscyn, spin off a company from CMU and develop an improved version of ZOG called {{w|Knowledge Management System}} (KMS). KMS is a collaborative tool based on [[w:direct manipulation interface|direct manipulation]], permitting users to modify the contents of frames, freely intermixing text, graphics and images, any of which could be linked to other frames.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Evolution of Hypertext Systems |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/48511.48513 |journal=ACM Digital Library |accessdate=6 September 2024}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1985 || || Pre-web hypertext || Janet Walker develops the {{w|Symbolics Document Examiner}}, an innovative hypertext system designed to electronically access all documentation for {{w|Symbolics}} computers. This system allows users to navigate technical documentation through interconnected hypertext links, making information retrieval more interactive and efficient. As one of the earliest practical applications of hypertext, the Document Examiner showcases the potential of linked documents for managing complex information. Walker's work would significantly influence the evolution of digital documentation and contribute to the development of later hypertext-based systems, including wikis and online encyclopedias.<ref name="De Bra">{{cite web |last1=De Bra |first1=Paul |last2=Hardman |first2=Lynda |title=Hypermedia |url=https://wwwis.win.tue.nl/~debra/hypermedia-2.pdf |website=win.tue.nl |access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref>
+| 1985 || || Prelude (pre-web hypertext) || {{w|Xerox}} releases the {{w|NoteCards}}, an early hypertext system developed by Frank Halasz at [[w:PARC (company)|Xerox PARC]]. NoteCards allow users to create and link pieces of information, called "cards," each displayed in its own window. This system introduces a flexible way to organize complex information through interconnected ideas, influencing the development of later hypertext and collaborative knowledge systems, including wikis. NoteCards' innovative use of typed objects and links laid the groundwork for more advanced digital information tools, making it a significant precursor to modern collaborative platforms.<ref>{{cite web |title=Note Cards |url=https://wiki.c2.com/?NoteCards= |website=wiki.c2.com |access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="De Bra"/>
 |-
-| 1985 || || Pre-web hypertext || Bill Atkinson began work on WildCard, which later would become HyperCard, released in 1987. HyperCard introduces a new way to manage and link information through "stacks" of cards, influencing Ward Cunningham's development of wiki software by showcasing the potential of hypertext in user-friendly environments.
+| 1985 || || Prelude (pre-web hypertext) || Janet Walker develops the {{w|Symbolics Document Examiner}}, an innovative hypertext system designed to electronically access all documentation for {{w|Symbolics}} computers. This system allows users to navigate technical documentation through interconnected hypertext links, making information retrieval more interactive and efficient. As one of the earliest practical applications of hypertext, the Document Examiner showcases the potential of linked documents for managing complex information. Walker's work would significantly influence the evolution of digital documentation and contribute to the development of later hypertext-based systems, including wikis and online encyclopedias.<ref name="De Bra">{{cite web |last1=De Bra |first1=Paul |last2=Hardman |first2=Lynda |title=Hypermedia |url=https://wwwis.win.tue.nl/~debra/hypermedia-2.pdf |website=win.tue.nl |access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1987 || || Pre-web hypertext || {{w|Bill Atkinson}} releases HyperCard, a pioneering software for {{w|Macintosh}} that allows users to organize information through interconnected "cards" linked by {{w|hyperlink}}s. HyperCard's user-friendly interface enable the creation of interactive documents with text, images, and media, making it accessible even to non-programmers. Bundled with every Macintosh, it becomes widely popular and would be often regarded as a precursor to wikis. Its emphasis on linking and organizing information collaboratively would significantly influence the development of wiki technology and other hypertext systems, showcasing the potential of user-driven, interconnected information management.<ref name="Woods"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Leuf |first1=Bo|last2=Cunningham |first2=Ward |date=2001 |title=The Wiki Way: Quick Collaboration on the Web |location=Boston |publisher={{w|Addison-Wesley}} |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780201714999/page/15 15], [https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780201714999/page/365 365] |isbn=020171499X |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780201714999 |url-access=registration |quote=Ward called it '<nowiki/>''the simplest online database that could possibly work''<nowiki/>'. In 1994, he wanted a quick way to collaboratively publish software patterns on the Web. Ideas that had developed from his work with program development and {{w|HyperCard}} stacks went into it, and the first 'wiki server' was born.&nbsp;... Wiki shares some history with the use of index cards in object-oriented programming. Both Wiki and {{w|CRC Cards}} credit an unpublished HyperCard stack as their common ancestor.}}</ref>
+| 1987 || || Prelude (pre-web hypertext) || {{w|Bill Atkinson}} releases HyperCard, a pioneering software for {{w|Macintosh}} that allows users to organize information through interconnected "cards" linked by {{w|hyperlink}}s. HyperCard's user-friendly interface enable the creation of interactive documents with text, images, and media, making it accessible even to non-programmers. Bundled with every Macintosh, it becomes widely popular and would be often regarded as a precursor to wikis. Its emphasis on linking and organizing information collaboratively would significantly influence the development of wiki technology and other hypertext systems, showcasing the potential of user-driven, interconnected information management.<ref name="Woods"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Leuf |first1=Bo|last2=Cunningham |first2=Ward |date=2001 |title=The Wiki Way: Quick Collaboration on the Web |location=Boston |publisher={{w|Addison-Wesley}} |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780201714999/page/15 15], [https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780201714999/page/365 365] |isbn=020171499X |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780201714999 |url-access=registration |quote=Ward called it '<nowiki/>''the simplest online database that could possibly work''<nowiki/>'. In 1994, he wanted a quick way to collaboratively publish software patterns on the Web. Ideas that had developed from his work with program development and {{w|HyperCard}} stacks went into it, and the first 'wiki server' was born.&nbsp;... Wiki shares some history with the use of index cards in object-oriented programming. Both Wiki and {{w|CRC Cards}} credit an unpublished HyperCard stack as their common ancestor.}}</ref><ref name=origin>{{cite web |title=WikiWikiOrigin |url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiWikiOrigin |website=c2.com |accessdate=6 September 2024}}</ref>
 |-
 | 1990 || || Prelude ({{w|World Wide Web}}) || British scientist {{w|Tim Berners-Lee}} invents the {{w|World Wide Web}} while working at {{w|CERN}}. Designed to facilitate global information-sharing among scientists, the Web introduces {{w|HTML}}, {{w|HTTP}}, and {{w|URL}}s, enabling the linking of hypertext documents across different computers. This innovation transforms information access and sharing, providing the foundation for the modern internet and collaborative platforms, including wikis. The Web's open standards and hyperlinking capabilities would become instrumental in the development of wikis and other web-based collaborative tools, marking a significant milestone in information technology.<ref>{{cite web |title=A short history of the Web |url=https://home.cern/science/computing/birth-web/short-history-web |website=CERN |access-date=9 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1991 || || Prelude ({{w|World Wide Web}}) || Tim Berners-Lee's public announcement of the World Wide Web on the alt.hypertext newsgroup makes the Web accessible to the general public. The emergence of the Web provides a platform for wikis to grow and thrive by offering a global, interconnected medium for collaboration.
+| 1991 || August 6 || Prelude ({{w|World Wide Web}}) || Tim Berners-Lee's public announcement of the World Wide Web on the alt.hypertext newsgroup makes the Web accessible to the general public. The emergence of the Web provides a platform for wikis to grow and thrive by offering a global, interconnected medium for collaboration.<ref>{{cite web |title=1991: Tim Berners-Lee Tries to Convert the Hypertext Faithful |url=https://webdevelopmenthistory.com/1991-tim-berners-lee-trys-to-convert-the-hypertext-faithful/ |website=webdevelopmenthistory.com |accessdate=6 September 2024}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1992 || May || Prelude ({{w|World Wide Web}}) || {{w|ViolaWWW}} is released as an early graphical {{w|web browser}} developed by Pei-Yuan Wei. It is notable for its advanced features, including embedded graphics, scripting, and animation, which enhance the multimedia capabilities of the {{w|World Wide Web}}. ViolaWWW provides a more interactive and visually rich browsing experience compared to its text-based predecessors. Its innovations would contribute to the evolution of web browsers and web-based applications, influencing the development of modern browsers and collaborative tools like wikis.
+| 1992 || March || Prelude ({{w|World Wide Web}}) || {{w|ViolaWWW}} is released as an early graphical {{w|web browser}} developed by Pei-Yuan Wei. It is notable for its advanced features, including embedded graphics, scripting, and animation, which enhance the multimedia capabilities of the {{w|World Wide Web}}. ViolaWWW provides a more interactive and visually rich browsing experience compared to its text-based predecessors. Its innovations would contribute to the evolution of web browsers and web-based applications, influencing the development of modern browsers and collaborative tools like wikis.<ref>{{cite web |title=HTML History |url=https://router-network.com/education/internet101-html-history |website=Router Network |accessdate=25 August 2024}}</ref>
 |-
 | 1993 || April 30 || Prelude || {{w|CERN}} makes a landmark decision to release the source code of the {{w|WorldWideWeb}} browser (later renamed Nexus) as free software. This move, led by Tim Berners-Lee and his team, allows the software to be used, modified, and distributed without royalties, fostering the global expansion of the World Wide Web. By making the web an open and accessible platform, CERN accelerates its adoption and innovation. This pivotal step lays the foundation for the collaborative nature of the internet, influencing the development of wikis and other open-source projects that emphasize sharing and community-driven contributions.<ref>{{cite web |title=A short history of the Web |url=https://home.cern/science/computing/birth-web/short-history-web |website=CERN |access-date=7 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
@@ Line 49: / Line 81: @@
 | 1993 || || Prelude ({{w|World Wide Web}}) || The [[w:Mosaic (web browser)|Mosaic]] graphical browser, developed by {{w|Marc Andreessen}} and {{w|Eric Bina}} at NCSA, becomes a pivotal innovation in internet history. Mosaic's user-friendly interface and strong support for multimedia, including images, audio, and video, set it apart from earlier browsers. Its cross-platform availability and ease of use leads to widespread adoption, significantly contributing to the rapid expansion of the World Wide Web. Mosaic's success not only popularizes the web among the general public but also lays the foundation for future browsers and influences the development of web-based applications, including wiki platforms.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mosaic {{!}} computer program {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/Mosaic-computer-program |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=10 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1994 || || Wiki development || | {{w|Ward Cunningham}} starts developing the {{w|WikiWikiWeb}}, the first-ever wiki, as a supplement to the {{w|Portland Pattern Repository}}, a site focused on software design patterns in {{w|object-oriented programming}}. WikiWikiWeb introduces a platform for collaborative editing and knowledge sharing, allowing users to easily create, edit, and expand content directly on the website. The term "wiki" comes from the Hawaiian word for "quick," reflecting the system's speed and simplicity. Cunningham's innovation lays the groundwork for future wiki platforms, including {{w|Wikipedia}}, and revolutionizes how information is collaboratively created and maintained on the internet.<ref name="Wiki History">{{cite web |title=Wiki History |url=http://wiki.c2.com/?WikiHistory= |access-date=1 September 2022}}</ref>
+| 1994 || || Early development || | {{w|Ward Cunningham}} starts developing the {{w|WikiWikiWeb}}, the first-ever wiki, as a supplement to the {{w|Portland Pattern Repository}}, a site focused on software design patterns in {{w|object-oriented programming}}. WikiWikiWeb introduces a platform for collaborative editing and knowledge sharing, allowing users to easily create, edit, and expand content directly on the website. The term "wiki" comes from the Hawaiian word for "quick," reflecting the system's speed and simplicity. Cunningham's innovation lays the groundwork for future wiki platforms, including {{w|Wikipedia}}, and revolutionizes how information is collaboratively created and maintained on the internet.<ref name="Wiki History">{{cite web |title=Wiki History |url=http://wiki.c2.com/?WikiHistory= |access-date=1 September 2022}}</ref>
 |-
-| 1995 || March 25 || Wiki development || Cunningham's {{w|WikiWikiWeb}} officially launches. Cunningham installs a prototype on his company’s website, c2.com, and invites colleagues to participate. WikiWikiWeb would also be known as WardsWiki.<ref name="Wiki History"/><ref name="Mental Floss">{{cite web |title=A Brief History of the Wiki—and Where It Might Be Going Next |url=https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/90598/brief-history-wiki-and-where-it-might-be-going-next |website=Mental Floss |access-date=7 September 2022 |date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
+| 1995 || March 25 || Wiki launch || Cunningham's {{w|WikiWikiWeb}} officially launches. Cunningham installs a prototype on his company’s website, c2.com, and invites colleagues to participate. WikiWikiWeb would also be known as WardsWiki.<ref name="Wiki History"/><ref name="Mental Floss">{{cite web |title=A Brief History of the Wiki—and Where It Might Be Going Next |url=https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/90598/brief-history-wiki-and-where-it-might-be-going-next |website=Mental Floss |access-date=7 September 2022 |date=15 January 2017}}</ref>
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 | 1995 || May 1 || Early development || {{w|Ward Cunningham}} sends an email about {{w|WikiWikiWeb}} to a number of programmers, which cause an increase in participation.<ref name="Wiki History"/> Cunningham writes: “I've always been interested in the way programming ideas are carried by people as they move between projects … I've put together a new database to give the project [of documenting ideas about making programs work] another try. You can help.”<ref name="Mental Floss"/>
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 | 1996 || || Feature introduction || {{w|WikiWikiWeb}} introduces ThreadMode, a feature that transforms wiki pages into discussion forums. In ThreadMode, users can engage in threaded discussions by adding comments directly to the page and signing their contributions for clear authorship. This format encourages collaborative dialogue, making it easier to follow conversations and fostering community interaction. ThreadMode distinguishes discussion from collaborative document creation, supporting dynamic content creation and enhancing user engagement. This innovation lays the groundwork for discussion pages in later wiki systems and contributes to the evolution of wikis as platforms for both content creation and community interaction.<ref name="todayshistory"/>
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-| 1996 || August 27 || Innovation || Stan Silver proposes the addition of categories and topics to pages on WikiWikiWeb, which becomes a significant feature in organizing content. This feature allows users to create and assign categories to pages, automatically grouping related content into indexes. By enhancing the structure and discoverability of information, WikiCategories make it easier for users to find and explore topics of interest as the wiki expands. This innovation reflects the collaborative nature of wikis and becomes a fundamental feature in future wiki platforms, including Wikipedia, marking a major advancement in the evolution of wiki technology.<ref>{{cite web |title=AboutCategoriesAndTopics |url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961129234150/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?AboutCategoriesAndTopics |website=web.archive.org |access-date=7 September 2022 |date=29 November 1996}}</ref><ref name=categories>{{cite web |title=History Of Categories |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604152936/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?HistoryOfCategories |website=web.archive.org |access-date=7 September 2022 |date=4 June 2011}}</ref>
+| 1996 || August 27 || Feature introduction || Stan Silver proposes the addition of categories and topics to pages on WikiWikiWeb, which becomes a significant feature in organizing content. This feature allows users to create and assign categories to pages, automatically grouping related content into indexes. By enhancing the structure and discoverability of information, WikiCategories make it easier for users to find and explore topics of interest as the wiki expands. This innovation reflects the collaborative nature of wikis and becomes a fundamental feature in future wiki platforms, including Wikipedia, marking a major advancement in the evolution of wiki technology.<ref>{{cite web |title=AboutCategoriesAndTopics |url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961129234150/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?AboutCategoriesAndTopics |website=web.archive.org |access-date=7 September 2022 |date=29 November 1996}}</ref><ref name=categories>{{cite web |title=History Of Categories |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604152936/http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?HistoryOfCategories |website=web.archive.org |access-date=7 September 2022 |date=4 June 2011}}</ref>
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 | 1997 || || Feature introduction || {{w|WikiWikiWeb}} introduces the RoadMaps feature, which curates lists of pages on specific topics to guide users through related content. Examples like the Algorithms RoadMap or Leadership RoadMap offer structured paths for exploring complex subjects, making it easier for users to navigate and deepen their understanding. RoadMaps add an additional layer of organization beyond categories, helping newcomers and experienced users alike to find relevant information more effectively. This feature enhances the educational value of the wiki and lays the groundwork for similar content portals and guided tours in later wiki systems.<ref name="todayshistory"/>
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-| 1997 || || Wiki launch || CvWiki, one of the early wiki clones, is developed by Peter Merel. It introduces transclusion, backlinks, and "WayBackMode," setting a standard for future wiki applications.
+| 1998 || || Early development || Computer scientist Marius Amado Alves develops CasBah (Collective Authoring System Based on Hypertext), an early collaborative content creation tool. Created independently of WikiWikiWeb, CasBah is implemented as a CGI program in the Ada programming language, allowing multiple users to collaboratively edit hypertext documents. Although CasBah features minimal wiki-like behavior and is not as advanced as other wikis, it represents an early exploration into collective authoring systems. This independent invention highlights the growing interest in collaborative online tools during the early development of the World Wide Web, contributing to the evolution of more sophisticated wiki platforms.<ref name="Wiki Wiki Origin"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Cas Bah |url=https://wiki.c2.com/?CasBah= |website=wiki.c2.com |access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref>
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-| 1997 || || || JWiki, the first implementation of {{w|WikiWikiWeb}} in the [[w:Java (programming language)|Java language]], is released by Ricardo Clements. It is notable for being back-ended by a database.
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-| 1998 || || Background || Computer scientist Marius Amado Alves develops CasBah (Collective Authoring System Based on Hypertext), an early collaborative content creation tool. Created independently of WikiWikiWeb, CasBah is implemented as a CGI program in the Ada programming language, allowing multiple users to collaboratively edit hypertext documents. Although CasBah features minimal wiki-like behavior and is not as advanced as other wikis, it represents an early exploration into collective authoring systems. This independent invention highlights the growing interest in collaborative online tools during the early development of the World Wide Web, contributing to the evolution of more sophisticated wiki platforms.<ref name="Wiki Wiki Origin"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Cas Bah |url=https://wiki.c2.com/?CasBah= |website=wiki.c2.com |access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref>
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-| 1998 || || Wiki development || TWiki is created by Peter Thoeny in Perl, based on JosWiki. It is designed for large corporate intranets and used plain text file storage.
+| 1998 || || Wiki launch || Peter Thoeny creates TWiki, a wiki platform written in Perl and inspired by JosWiki. Designed for large corporate intranets, TWiki focuses on providing a collaborative environment for managing and sharing information within organizations. Unlike many wikis that use database storage, TWiki employs plain text file storage, which simplifies deployment and maintenance.<ref>{{cite web |title=TWiki History |url=https://moglen.law.columbia.edu/twiki/bin/view/TWiki/TWikiHistory?rev=1.8 |website=moglen.law.columbia.edu |accessdate=6 September 2024}}</ref>
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 | 1999 || || Feature introduction || {{w|WikiWikiWeb}} introduces the ChangeSummary feature, which allows users to add brief summaries of their edits. This innovation helps others quickly understand the nature and significance of changes, distinguishing between major updates and minor corrections. By providing transparency into the editing process and enhancing usability, ChangeSummary improves content review and collaboration. This feature makes it easier for users to stay informed about updates and contributes to more effective and thoughtful editing practices. ChangeSummary represents a key advancement in managing wiki content and fostering clearer communication among contributors.<ref name="todayshistory"/>
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-| 1999 || || Wiki development || PikiPiki, a rewrite of {{w|WikiWikiWeb}} in [[w:Python (programming language)|Python]] by Martin Pool, is introduced. It aims to be a small program using flat files, excluding versioning features.
+| 1999 || || Wiki launch || Steve Wainstead develops {{w|PhpWiki}}, the first wiki software written in {{w|PHP}}. PhpWiki is created to offer a more accessible and flexible alternative to existing wiki software, leveraging PHP's server-side scripting capabilities. Its development enables easier integration with web servers and databases. This makes PhpWiki a popular choice for users and organizations seeking a PHP-based solution for collaborative content creation and management, contributing to the broader adoption of wikis on the web.<ref>{{cite web |title=PHPWiki |url=https://www.opensourcecms.com/phpwiki/ |website=OpenSourceCMS |accessdate=25 August 2024}}</ref>
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-| 1999 || || Wiki development || {{w|PhpWiki}} is created by Steve Wainstead as the first wiki software written in {{w|PHP}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=PHPWiki |url=https://www.opensourcecms.com/phpwiki/ |website=OpenSourceCMS |accessdate=25 August 2024}}</ref>
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-| 1999 || || Wiki development || Swiki, developed by Mark Guzdial and Jochen Rick, is written in {{w|Squeak}}. Swiki would contribute to the evolution of wiki engines.
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-| 1999 || || Wiki development || Zwiki, a Python-based wiki developed by Simon Michael and Joyful Systems, is introduced.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zwiki |url=https://pypi.org/project/Zwiki/ |website=PyPI |accessdate=25 August 2024}}</ref>
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-| 1999 || || Release || Traction TeamPage is released in December as the first proprietary wiki application aimed at enterprise customers.
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-| 1999 || || Development || UseModWiki, developed by Clifford Adams, introduced the square bracket syntax for linking words. It was a significant advancement from AtisWiki and CvWiki.
+| 1999 || || Wiki launch || Zwiki, a [[w:Python (programming language)|Python]]-based wiki platform, is introduced by Simon Michael and Joyful Systems. Zwiki is designed to offer a flexible and easy-to-use framework for collaborative writing and documentation, allowing users to create and edit web pages collectively. As one of the early wiki engines, Zwiki plays a role in the development of open-source wiki software, offering features like page versioning, user access controls, and customization options. Its implementation in Python makes it particularly appealing to developers in the Python community, contributing to the growth of wikis as tools for knowledge sharing and collaboration in both personal and professional contexts.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zwiki |url=https://pypi.org/project/Zwiki/ |website=PyPI |accessdate=25 August 2024}}</ref>
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 | 1999 || || Wiki launch || WikiAnswers (later rebranded as {{w|Answers.com}}) is launched as an Internet-based knowledge exchange platform. It utilizes wiki technology to enable users to collaboratively create and edit answers to questions. This approach allows for a dynamic, evolving repository of information, distinguishing it from traditional encyclopedic sources. WikiAnswers facilitates a community-driven exchange of knowledge, reflecting the wiki model of collaborative content creation. It marks an early application of wiki principles to a question-and-answer format and lays the groundwork for future community-driven Q&A sites. The platform would since evolve through various changes and ownership transfers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Is Answers.com still relevant as of March 2016? Does it have a big user base and revenue line? |url=https://www.quora.com/Is-Answers-com-still-relevant-as-of-March-2016-Does-it-have-a-big-user-base-and-revenue-line |website=Quora |access-date=27 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> It is an {{w|Internet-based knowledge exchange}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Is answers com a credible source? – AnswersToAll |url=https://answer-to-all.com/object/is-answers-com-a-credible-source/ |website=answer-to-all.com |access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref>
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-| 1999 || || Controversy || User Sam Gentile begins removing his contributions from WikiWikiWeb, leading to controversy over the removal of content and the "WikiMindWipe" incident.
+| 1999 || December || Wiki software launch || Traction TeamPage is released as the first proprietary wiki software designed specifically for enterprise customers. Developed by Traction Software, it aims to provide businesses with a collaborative platform that combined the flexibility of wikis with robust security and project management features suited for organizational use. TeamPage allows teams to create, share, and manage documents and projects efficiently within a secure, customizable environment. <ref>{{cite web |title=TeamPage |url=https://wiki.c2.com/?TeamPage |website=C2 Wiki |accessdate=25 August 2024}}</ref>
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 | 2000 || || Feature introduction || {{w|WikiWikiWeb}} introduces the UserName feature, which allows users to replace their IP addresses or host names with personalized usernames in the RecentChanges log. By using cookies to store and recognize these usernames, the feature improves user identification and accountability. It facilitates better interaction and recognition within the wiki community, as contributions were linked to consistent, recognizable names rather than anonymous IP addresses. This enhancement fosters a sense of identity and increased visibility of individual contributors, making it easier to track and acknowledge edits and interactions.<ref name="todayshistory"/>
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-| 2000 || April || Controversy || Four users attempt to reduce text related to wikis on {{w|WikiWikiWeb}}, leading to disputes and eventually the formation of WikiWikiWeb sister sites.  The formation of sister sites such as MeatballWiki, WhyClublet, GreenCheeseWiki, and TheAdjunct would handle off-topic and specialized content, as well as the relocation of many pages from WikiWikiWeb.
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 | 2000 || || Wiki launch || Sunir Shah launches the MeatballProject to explore "collaborative hypermedia" and facilitate collaboration among wiki developers. MeatballWiki, a key component of the project and hosted by Clifford Adams on UseModWiki software, would significantly influence wiki technology and development. It would serve as a central hub for discussions on functional improvements and impacted other major wiki projects and script developers, helping advance the evolution of wiki platforms.<ref>{{cite web |title=Meatball Backgrounder |url=http://meatballwiki.org/wiki/MeatballBackgrounder |website=Meatball Wiki |accessdate=25 August 2024}}</ref>
@@ Line 109: / Line 127: @@
 | 2000 || || Feature introduction || {{w|WikiWikiWeb}} introduces QuickChanges, a feature designed to streamline the editing process by allowing users to make and view changes to pages more efficiently. This feature simplifies the interface for minor edits, enabling quicker updates and corrections. By reducing the time and effort required for small modifications, QuickChanges enhances the user experience and promotes active participation in content management. It contributes to a more dynamic and responsive editing environment, improving overall efficiency in collaborative content creation.<ref name="Wiki History"/>
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-| 2000 || || {{w|Wiki software}} launch || {{w|MoinMoin}} is created by Jürgen Hermann and Thomas Waldmann. It is based on PikiPiki and features a flat-file structure with a modular approach to parsing and formatting.
+| 2000 || || {{w|Wiki software}} launch || {{w|MoinMoin}} is created by Jürgen Hermann and Thomas Waldmann. It is based on PikiPiki and features a flat-file structure with a modular approach to parsing and formatting.<ref>{{cite web |title=MoinMoin Wiki Engine |url=https://moinmo.in/ |website=MoinMoin |accessdate=25 August 2024}}</ref>
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-| 2000 || October || Wiki launch || Sensei's Library, a wiki dedicated to the game of [[w:Go (game)|Go]], is created by Morten G. Pahle and Arno Hollosi. It would become one of the largest and most active wikis outside Wikipedia in its early years.
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-| 2000 || || Wiki evolution || By this time, {{w|WikiWikiWeb}}, the first wiki, has evolved significantly. It has grown beyond its initial purpose, leading to the creation of sister sites like MeatballWiki. This evolution demonstrates the expanding utility and cultural development of wikis, which would become more diverse and specialized.
+| 2000 || September || Wiki launch || Sensei's Library, a wiki dedicated to the game of [[w:Go (game)|Go]], is created by Morten G. Pahle and Arno Hollosi. It would become one of the largest and most active wikis outside Wikipedia in its early years.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of S.L. |url=https://senseis.xmp.net/?SLHistory |website=Sensei's Library |accessdate=25 August 2024}}</ref>
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 | 2001 || January 15 || Wiki launch || {{w|Wikipedia}} is launched by {{w|Jimmy Wales}} and {{w|Larry Sanger}}. It initially uses UseModWiki software and quickly becomes a major platform for collaborative knowledge. This free, web-based encyclopedia enables users to collaboratively create and edit articles. Wikipedia's open editing system and extensive volunteer contributions quickly establishes it as one of the largest and most popular reference websites globally. Its launch marks a significant milestone in online knowledge sharing, leveraging the collective efforts of a global community to build and maintain an extensive repository of information. Wikipedia's success demonstrates the power of collaborative knowledge creation and would have a profound impact on education, research, and communication.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wikipedia {{!}} Definition, History, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Wikipedia |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=10 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
@@ Line 122: / Line 138: @@
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 | 2002 || January || Wiki software launch || Patrick Michaud launches {{w|PmWiki}}, a wiki-based content management system (CMS) written in {{w|PHP}}. Designed for collaborative website creation and maintenance, PmWiki offers a user-friendly interface and supports extensive customization and extension options. Its flexible structure makes it suitable for developing various types of websites, contributing to its popularity among organizations and individuals. PmWiki's introduction enhances the range of wiki software options and reinforces the wiki model as a versatile and effective tool for community-driven content management and collaborative web development.                <ref>{{cite web |title=PmWiki Demo Site » Try PmWiki without installing it |url=https://www.opensourcecms.com/pmwiki/ |website=Open Source CMS |access-date=7 September 2022 |date=26 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PmWiki {{!}} PmWiki / PmWiki |url=https://www.pmwiki.org/#:~:text=PmWiki%20is%20a%20wiki%2Dbased,website%2C%20using%20basic%20editing%20rules. |website=www.pmwiki.org |access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref>
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-| 2002 || January || Transition || {{w|Wikipedia}} transitions from UseModWiki to a PHP wiki engine, and later to MediaWiki in July 2002, enhancing its scalability and functionality.
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-| 2002 || January 25 || Wiki launch || {{w|MediaWiki}} is launched as a free and open-source wiki software. Initially developed by Magnus Manske for Wikipedia, the software would be enhanced by Lee Daniel Crocker and maintained by the {{w|Wikimedia Foundation}}. MediaWiki supports large-scale collaborative projects with its robust features for content management and editing. Its flexibility and scalability makes it the preferred choice for {{w|Wikipedia}} and numerous other wikis worldwide, solidifying its role as a key tool in the development of collaborative online platforms.
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 | 2002 || February 26 || Wiki launch || {{w|Enciclopedia Libre Universal en Español}} is launched as a {{w|Spanish-language}} {{w|wiki}}-based {{w|online encyclopedia}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Enciclopedia Libre Universal en Español |url=https://es-academic.com/dic.nsf/eswiki/396398 |website=Los diccionarios y las enciclopedias sobre el Académico |access-date=8 September 2022 |language=es}}</ref>
@@ Line 135: / Line 147: @@
 | 2002 || December || Organization || {{w|Socialtext}} is founded as a company offering professional, web-based wiki services designed to facilitate collaboration among users on various projects. Socialtext provided businesses and organizations with tools to create and manage collaborative workspaces, enabling teams to share knowledge, documents, and ideas efficiently.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bazzano |first1=Daniele |title=Best Wiki Tools And Services: Sharewood Guide |url=https://www.masternewmedia.org/best-wiki-tools-and-services/ |website=Robin Good's Master New Media |access-date=9 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Socialtext - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/socialtext |website=Crunchbase |access-date=7 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> In 2012, Socialtext would be acquired by Bedford Funding, becoming a subsidiary and further expanding its reach in the enterprise collaboration market. The platform would play a significant role in popularizing the use of wikis within corporate environments, making it easier for teams to work together in a dynamic and integrated manner.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bedford Funding -- Socialtext |url=http://www.bedfordfunding.com/co-socialtext.html |website=www.bedfordfunding.com |access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref>
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-| 2003 || June 20 || Organization || The {{w|Wikimedia Foundation}} is founded by {{w|Jimmy Wales}} in {{w|St. Petersburg, Florida}}, as a non-profit organization. The Wikimedia Foundation manages and supports various free knowledge projects, including {{w|Wikipedia}}, {{w|Wikimedia Commons}}, and {{w|Wiktionary}}. Its mission is to provide freely accessible knowledge to people worldwide and foster a global community of contributors. The Foundation would play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of these collaborative platforms, promoting the dissemination and growth of open content.
+| 2003 || June 20 || Organization || The {{w|Wikimedia Foundation}} is founded by {{w|Jimmy Wales}} in {{w|St. Petersburg, Florida}}, as a non-profit organization. The Wikimedia Foundation manages and supports various free knowledge projects, including {{w|Wikipedia}}, {{w|Wikimedia Commons}}, and {{w|Wiktionary}}. Its mission is to provide freely accessible knowledge to people worldwide and foster a global community of contributors. The Foundation would play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of these collaborative platforms, promoting the dissemination and growth of open content.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ten Years of Supporting Free Knowledge |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2013/06/20/ten-years-of-supporting-free-knowledge/ |website=wikimediafoundation.org |accessdate=6 September 2024}}</ref>
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 | 2003 || July 10 || Wiki launch || {{w|Wikibooks}} is launched as a response to a request from Karl Wick, a {{w|Wikipedia}} contributor who seeks a platform for creating and sharing free textbooks on subjects like organic chemistry and physics. Wikibooks is a project of the {{w|Wikimedia Foundation}} dedicated to collaboratively writing and maintaining open-content textbooks and educational materials. It allows users to contribute and edit content on a wide range of subjects, aiming to provide high-quality, freely accessible educational resources for learners around the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wikibooks:Welcome - Wikibooks, open books for an open world |url=https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Welcome |website=en.wikibooks.org |access-date=9 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Wikibooks">{{cite web |title=Wikibooks |url=https://www.techxlab.org/solutions/wikimedia-foundation-wikibooks |website=www.techxlab.org |access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref>
@@ Line 141: / Line 153: @@
 | 2003 || July || Wiki launch || Wikiquote is launched as a free compendium of sourced quotations from notable people and creative works across various languages. The platform provides a curated collection of quotes, along with translations of non-English quotes, and links to {{w|Wikipedia}} for additional context and information. Wikiquote serves as a valuable resource for finding and sharing impactful statements and insights, making it easier for users to access and cite memorable quotes from a diverse range of sources.<ref name="Woods"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Wikiquote |url=https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Main_Page |website=en.wikiquote.org |access-date=9 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
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-| 2003 || July || Wiki launch || Wikibooks ire added as new Wikimedia project, focusing on collaboratively created textbooks.
+| 2003 || July || Wiki launch || The Wikimedia Foundation launches Wikibooks, a new project aimed at creating and distributing free, collaboratively written textbooks and educational materials. This initiative extends the Wikimedia model of open, community-driven content creation beyond Wikipedia, allowing users to collaboratively develop and edit instructional books on various subjects. Wikibooks supports a wide range of educational topics and provides a platform for users to contribute and refine resources, promoting accessible education globally.<ref>{{cite web |title=User:Darklama Main Page |url=https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:Darklama/Main_Page |website=en.wikibooks.org |accessdate=6 September 2024}}</ref>
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 | 2003 || July || Wiki launch || {{w|Wikitravel}} is launched with the goal of creating a comprehensive, free, and up-to-date travel guide for destinations around the world. The project leverages the collaborative nature of wikis to provide detailed travel information, including recommendations on accommodations, attractions, and local customs. In 2007, Wikitravel would be recognized with a Webby Award for Best Travel Website, highlighting its impact and success in providing valuable travel resources and advice to a global audience.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wikitravel:About - Wikitravel |url=https://wikitravel.org/en/Wikitravel:About |website=wikitravel.org |access-date=7 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Wikitravel:Project - Wikitravel |url=https://wikitravel.org/en/Wikitravel:Project |website=wikitravel.org |access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref>  <ref>{{cite web |title=Wikitravel:31 May 2007 - Wikitravel |url=https://wikitravel.org/en/Wikitravel:31_May_2007 |website=wikitravel.org |access-date=10 September 2022}}</ref>
@@ Line 147: / Line 159: @@
 | 2003 || November 24 || Wiki launch || {{w|Wikisource}} is launched as a free, human-curated online digital library. Originally named "Project Sourceberg," it hosts texts that are out of copyright, in the public domain, or available under Creative Commons licenses such as CC-Zero, CC-BY, and CC-BY-SA. Wikisource aims to provide access to a diverse range of literary, historical, and scholarly texts, making them freely available to the public for reading, research, and educational purposes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Defining the Wikisource vision |url=https://diff.wikimedia.org/2013/05/09/defining-the-wikisource-vision/ |website=Diff |access-date=9 September 2022 |date=9 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What is Wikisource? |url=https://www.ed.ac.uk/information-services/help-consultancy/is-skills/wikimedia/wikisource/what-is-wikisource |website=The University of Edinburgh |access-date=9 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
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-| 2004 || January || Software Launch || XWiki, an open-source Java wiki application, is released by Ludovic Dubost.
+| 2004 || February || Feature introduction || {{w|WikiWikiWeb}} introduces RecentPosts, a feature designed to display recent changes made to a page. This temporary script shows {{w|IP address}}es, UserNames (if set), and timestamps of edits, extracted from four days' worth of server logs. The feature aims to enhance transparency and tracking of contributions, allowing users to monitor recent activity and identify contributors to the wiki pages.<ref name="Wiki History"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Recent Posts |url=http://wiki.c2.com/?RecentPosts= |website=wiki.c2.com |access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref>
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-| 2004 || February || Feature launch || {{w|WikiWikiWeb}} introduces RecentPosts, a feature designed to display recent changes made to a page. This temporary script shows {{w|IP address}}es, UserNames (if set), and timestamps of edits, extracted from four days' worth of server logs. The feature aims to enhance transparency and tracking of contributions, allowing users to monitor recent activity and identify contributors to the wiki pages.<ref name="Wiki History"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Recent Posts |url=http://wiki.c2.com/?RecentPosts= |website=wiki.c2.com |access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref>
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 | 2004 || February || Wiki software launch || {{w|Trac}} is launched by Edgewall Software. It is an open-source application designed for {{w|bug tracking}} and project management, incorporating wiki functionality to facilitate collaborative development and documentation. Trac provides a unified platform for managing project tasks, tracking issues, and maintaining a project wiki, making it a valuable tool for software development teams and other project-based work.<ref name="History Of Wikis"/>
@@ Line 159: / Line 169: @@
 | 2004 || July || Wiki software launch || {{w|DokuWiki}} is launched. It is an open-source application intended for small companies' documentation needs.<ref name="History Of Wikis"/> Over the years, DokuWiki would become one of the most popular wiki engines available,  achieving significant usage with stable interest over time.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wiki Usage Distribution on the Entire Internet |url=https://trends.builtwith.com/cms/wiki/traffic/Entire-Internet |website=trends.builtwith.com |access-date=10 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Technologies - What CMS? |url=https://whatcms.org/Technologies/Wiki |website=whatcms.org |access-date=10 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Google Trends |url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?q=DokuWiki,Twiki,MediaWiki,PmWiki,MoinMoin&hl=en-GB&tz=-120 |website=Google Trends |access-date=10 September 2022}}</ref>
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-| 2004 || July || || OpenStreetMap is launched as an ambitious project to create an open-source street map of the world using wiki functionality. The platform allows users to contribute and edit geographic data collaboratively, building a comprehensive and freely accessible map that would since become a vital resource for various applications, including navigation and humanitarian aid.
+| 2004 || July || Wiki launch || OpenStreetMap is launched as an ambitious project to create an open-source street map of the world using wiki functionality. The platform allows users to contribute and edit geographic data collaboratively, building a comprehensive and freely accessible map that would since become a vital resource for various applications, including navigation and humanitarian aid.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of OpenStreetMap |url=https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/History_of_OpenStreetMap |website=wiki.openstreetmap.org |accessdate=6 September 2024}}</ref>
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 | 2004 || September 7 || Wiki launch || Media file repository {{w|Wikimedia Commons}} is launched.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commons:Welcome - Wikimedia Commons |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Welcome |website=commons.wikimedia.org |access-date=7 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> It offers public domain and freely licensed educational media content, including images, sound and video clips to everyone, in their own language.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commons:Welcome - Wikimedia Commons |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Welcome#:~:text=Wikimedia%20Commons%20is%20a%20media,everyone%2C%20in%20their%20own%20language. |website=commons.wikimedia.org |access-date=9 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
@@ Line 166: / Line 176: @@
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 | 2004 || September || Wiki software launch || FlexWiki is launched by {{w|Microsoft}} as an open source application.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Windows/FlexWiki-Microsofts-Third-Open-Software-Project/ |title=FlexWiki: Microsofts Third Open Software Project |work={{w|eWeek}} |date=September 28, 2004 |access-date=2 September 2022}}</ref> Written primarily by David Ornstein, FlexWiki uses [[w:.NET Framework|.NET]] technology and has an integrated scripting language called WikiTalk (based on {{w|Smalltalk}}). It stores content in either text files or a [[w:Microsoft SQL Server|SQL Server]] database.<ref>{{cite web |title=A working wiki {{!}} Enterprise {{!}} Real World Computing {{!}} PC Pro |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115041402/http://www.pcpro.co.uk/realworld/96514/a-working-wiki |website=web.archive.org |access-date=2 September 2022 |date=15 January 2010}}</ref> Though generally well-received, FlexWiki would fail to become popular and would be discontinued in December 2008.<ref name="History Of Wikis"/>
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-| 2004 || October || || MinorEdits checkbox is removed.
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 | 2004 || October || Wiki software launch || {{w|JotSpot}} is launched by JotSpot, Inc., offering a user-friendly, wiki-based platform for collaborative content creation and management. In 2006, JotSpot would be acquired by {{w|Google}} for an undisclosed amount. Google would repurpose JotSpot's technology, releasing it in 2008 as Google Sites, a tool designed for creating and managing websites and collaborative workspaces. This transition allows Google Sites to expand the reach of wiki-based collaboration tools, integrating the features of JotSpot into a broader platform for users to create and manage collaborative projects.<ref name="History Of Wikis"/>
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-| 2004 || October || Wiki launch || Wikicities is launched by {{w|Jimmy Wales}} and Angela Beesley as a platform for creating community-driven wikis on various topics. The goal is to enable communities to build their own wikis using the collaborative model of Wikipedia.<ref>{{cite web |title=100 Wikicities: Wikipedia Founder Launches Commercial Enterprise; 100 Open Editing Communities So Far |url=https://www.prweb.com/releases/2005/02/prweb205304.htm |website=PRWeb |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref> In 2006, Wikicities would be rebranded as Wikia, reflecting its expanded vision to support a wide range of community-driven wikis and knowledge-sharing projects across diverse subjects.<ref name="Cashmore">{{cite web |last1=Cashmore |first1=Pete |title=Wikia - Build Your Own Wiki |url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikia-build-your-own-wiki |website=Mashable |access-date=9 September 2022 |language=en |date=28 March 2006}}</ref> By September 2006, Wikia would reach approximately 1,500 wikis in 48 languages.<ref>{{cite web |title=Technology News: Business: Wikipedia Founder Staffs For-Profit Wikia Spinoff |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061021224916/http://www.technewsworld.com/story/Vkg5Q8W8POblL7/Wikipedia-Founder-Staffs-For-Profit-Wikia-Spinoff.xhtml |website=web.archive.org |access-date=9 September 2022 |date=21 October 2006}}</ref>
+| 2004 || October || Wiki launch || Wikicities is launched by {{w|Jimmy Wales}} and Angela Beesley as a platform for creating community-driven wikis on various topics. The goal is to enable communities to build their own wikis using the collaborative model of Wikipedia.<ref>{{cite web |title=100 Wikicities: Wikipedia Founder Launches Commercial Enterprise; 100 Open Editing Communities So Far |url=https://www.prweb.com/releases/2005/02/prweb205304.htm |website=PRWeb |access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref> In 2006, Wikicities would be rebranded as Wikia, reflecting its expanded vision to support a wide range of community-driven wikis and knowledge-sharing projects across diverse subjects.<ref name="Cashmore">{{cite web |last1=Cashmore |first1=Pete |title=Wikia - Build Your Own Wiki |url=https://mashable.com/archive/wikia-build-your-own-wiki |website=Mashable |access-date=9 September 2022 |language=en |date=28 March 2006}}</ref> By September 2006, Wikia would reach approximately 1,500 wikis in 48 languages.<ref>{{cite web |title=Technology News: Business: Wikipedia Founder Staffs For-Profit Wikia Spinoff |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061021224916/http://www.technewsworld.com/story/Vkg5Q8W8POblL7/Wikipedia-Founder-Staffs-For-Profit-Wikia-Spinoff.xhtml |website=web.archive.org |access-date=9 September 2022 |date=21 October 2006}}</ref> In October 2016, Wikia.com would be rebranded as [[w:Fandom (website)|Fandom]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Wikia, Inc. Rebrands Wikia.com as Fandom powered by Wikia - PR Newswire APAC |url=https://en.prnasia.com/releases/apac/Wikia_Inc_Rebrands_Wikia_com_as_Fandom_powered_by_Wikia-160153.shtml |website=en.prnasia.com |access-date=8 September 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name="Wikia is now Fandom powered by Wikia"/>
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 | 2004 || November 8 || Wiki launch || {{w|Wikinews}} is launched by the Wikimedia Foundation as a free-content news wiki. The project aims to offer unbiased, citizen-driven news coverage, allowing volunteers to contribute articles and updates on various topics. Following the collaborative model of other Wikimedia projects, Wikinews would operate in 29 languages as of September 2022, with 1,736,700 articles and 556 active editors, reflecting its ongoing role in global news reporting.<ref>{{cite web |title=User:Sj/WN at 5 |url=https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/User:Sj/WN_at_5 |website=Wikinews |access-date=7 September 2022 |date=8 November 2009}}</ref> A project of the Wikimedia Foundation, it is a free-content news wiki.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wikinews:What Wikinews is - Wikinews, the free news source |url=https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Wikinews:What_Wikinews_is |website=en.wikinews.org |access-date=9 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=wsaw>{{cite web |title=Data:Wikipedia statistics/meta.tab - Wikimedia Commons |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:Wikipedia_statistics/meta.tab |website=commons.wikimedia.org |access-date=10 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Data:Wikipedia statistics/data.tab - Wikimedia Commons |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:Wikipedia_statistics/data.tab |website=commons.wikimedia.org |access-date=10 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
@@ Line 179: / Line 187: @@
 | 2004 || November 24 || Wiki launch || {{w|WoWWiki}} (also World of Warcraft Wiki) is launched. This wiki serves as a comprehensive resource for players and fans of the popular MMORPG {{w|World of Warcraft}}. WoWWiki provides detailed information on various aspects of the game, including characters, quests, lore, gameplay mechanics, and community activities. It would quickly become one of the largest and most popular wikis dedicated to a single video game, offering an extensive database for both new and veteran players to explore the vast World of Warcraft universe.<ref>{{cite web |title=wowwiki|url=https://wowwiki-archive.fandom.com/wiki/WoWWiki:About |website=WoWWiki |access-date=10 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
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-| 2004 || December || Wiki launch || Encyclopedia Dramatica, a satirical wiki dedicated to mocking internet culture, is founded. The site quickly becomes infamous for its irreverent content and controversial approach to documenting online phenomena. It would remain a prominent figure in internet culture until its shutdown in April 2011, although it would be later revived by different administrators.
+| 2004 || December || Wiki launch || Stupidedia, a German-language parody of Wikipedia, is founded just a week after Encyclopedia Dramatica. The site aims to spoof the serious tone and style of Wikipedia, offering humorous and exaggerated content.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stupidedia Hauptseite |url=https://www.stupidedia.org/stupi/Stupidedia:Hauptseite |website=stupidedia.org |accessdate=6 September 2024}}</ref> Over time, Stupidedia would become one of the most well-known parody wikis in the German-speaking world, eventually merging with Uncyclopedia.
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-| 2004 || December || Wiki launch || Stupidedia, a German-language parody of Wikipedia, is founded just a week after Encyclopedia Dramatica. The site aims to spoof the serious tone and style of Wikipedia, offering humorous and exaggerated content. Over time, Stupidedia would become one of the most well-known parody wikis in the German-speaking world, eventually merging with Uncyclopedia.
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 | 2005 || January 5 || Wiki launch || {{w|Uncyclopedia}} is launched as a satirical and humorous parody of Wikipedia. The wiki is dedicated to creating comedic, fictional, and absurd articles, mimicking the style and format of Wikipedia while intentionally providing inaccurate or exaggerated content for entertainment purposes. In July 2006, Uncyclopedia would be acquired by [[w:Fandom (website)|Fandom]], which is then known as Wikia. Despite its humorous nature, Uncyclopedia would develop a dedicated following, becoming a popular platform for creative and comedic writing within the wiki community.<ref>{{cite web |title=Uncyclopedia - Knowino |url=https://www.theochem.ru.nl/~pwormer/Knowino/knowino.org/wiki/Uncyclopedia.html |website=www.theochem.ru.nl |access-date=10 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="Wikia is now Fandom powered by Wikia">{{Cite web|url=https://community.wikia.com/wiki/User_blog:Craiglpalmer/Wikia_is_now_Fandom_powered_by_Wikia|title=Wikia is now Fandom powered by Wikia|last=Palmer|first=Craig L.|website=Community Central|date=September 26, 2016|access-date=September 9, 2022|publisher=Wikia, Inc.}}</ref>
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 | 2005 || January 15 || Wiki launch || {{w|wikiHow}} is launched with the goal of creating "the how-to guide for everything."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Levine |first1=Robert |title=New Web Sites Seeking Profit in Wiki Model |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/04/technology/04wiki.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=10 September 2022 |date=4 September 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=wikiHow:History of wikiHow - wikiHow |url=https://www.wikihow.com/wikiHow:History-of-wikiHow |website=www.wikihow.com |access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref> It is an online wiki-style publication featuring how-to articles on a variety of topics.<ref>{{cite web |title=About wikiHow - wikiHow |url=https://www.wikihow.com/wikiHow:About-wikiHow |website=www.wikihow.com |access-date=10 September 2022}}</ref> In October 2018, {{w|Gizmodo}} would include wikiHow in its list of "100 Websites That Shaped the Internet as We Know It", referring to it as "a consistently useful resource."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Staff |first1=Gizmodo |title=100 Websites That Shaped the Internet as We Know It |url=https://gizmodo.com/100-websites-that-shaped-the-internet-as-we-know-it-1829634771 |website=Gizmodo |access-date=10 September 2022 |language=en-us |date=19 October 2018}}</ref> In 2019, ''{{w|Forbes}}'' would recognize wikiHow in its list of "The Best Small Companies Of 2019".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Adams |first1=Susan |title=Forbes Small Giants: The Best Small Companies Of 2019 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2019/04/30/forbes-small-giants-the-best-small-companies-of-2019/?sh=5e136577382c |website=Forbes |access-date=10 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
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-| 2005 || January || Wiki launch || WikiAnswers is launched as a collaborative question-and-answer platform, allowing users to ask questions and receive answers from the community. The platform aims to build a vast, user-generated knowledge base by enabling users to contribute answers and edit existing ones. Later, WikiAnswers would be rebranded as Answers.com, expanding its focus to provide a broader range of information and becoming a more comprehensive resource for users seeking answers across various topics.
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 | 2005 || February 7 || Wiki launch || {{w|Fallout Wiki}} is launched as The Vault by Polish translator {{w|Paweł Dembowski}}. It is a {{w|wiki}} about the ''[[w:Fallout (series)|Fallout]]'' {{w|fictional universe}}, providing detailed information about the game's lore, characters, and settings. In 2007, it would move to {{w|Wikia}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=About |url=https://fallout.fandom.com/wiki/Fallout_Wiki:About |website=Fallout Wiki |access-date=9 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
@@ Line 193: / Line 197: @@
 | 2005 || March 4 || Wiki launch || {{w|Wookieepedia}} is launched. This wiki is dedicated to the ''{{w|Star Wars}}'' universe, providing detailed information on its extensive lore, characters, planets, and storylines. Wookieepedia serves as a comprehensive resource for fans and researchers seeking in-depth knowledge about the Star Wars franchise. It operates under a collaborative model, allowing users to contribute and edit content to continuously update and expand the information available.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wookieepedia |url=https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Wookieepedia |website=Wookieepedia |access-date=10 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
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-| 2005 || March || Service Launch || Wikispaces, another notable wiki farm, is launched. It quickly becomes popular among educational institutions for collaborative projects and is one of the early contributors to the growth of wikis in academia.
+| 2005 || March || Service Launch || Wikispaces, another notable wiki farm, is launched. It quickly becomes popular among educational institutions for collaborative projects and is one of the early contributors to the growth of wikis in academia.<ref>{{cite web |title=What Are the Wikispaces? |url=https://technology-20125.webnode.es/what-are-the-wikispaces-2/ |website=technology-20125.webnode.es |accessdate=6 September 2024}}</ref>
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 | 2005 || June 19 || Wiki launch || {{w|Baike.com}} is launched by {{w|Pan Haidong}} as {{w|Hudong}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hudong |url=https://www.morebooks.de/shop-ui/shop/product/978-613-6-62893-6 |website=morebooks |access-date=10 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="History Of Wikis"/> This Chinese-language wiki is designed to provide a collaborative platform for creating and sharing knowledge across a wide range of topics. Baike.com aims to offer a comprehensive and accessible repository of information, drawing on contributions from its user community to build and maintain its content. The site serves as a valuable resource for users seeking detailed and reliable information in Chinese.
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-| 2005 || August || Conference || The first Wikimania, an annual conference organized around Wikimedia Foundation projects, takes place in {{w|Frankfurt}}, {{w|Germany}}. This marks the beginning of large-scale wiki-related meetings and conferences.
+| 2005 || August || Conference || The first Wikimania, an annual conference organized around Wikimedia Foundation projects, takes place in {{w|Frankfurt}}, {{w|Germany}}. This marks the beginning of large-scale wiki-related meetings and conferences.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wikimania 2005 Main Page |url=https://wikimania2005.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page |website=wikimania2005.wikimedia.org |accessdate=6 September 2024}}</ref>
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 | 2005 || September 6 || Literature || Anja Ebersbach, Markus Glaser and Richard Heigl publish ''Wiki: Web Collaboration''. This work explores the concept of wikis, focusing on their use for collaborative online communication and knowledge management. The book delves into the principles behind wiki technology, its applications, and its impact on web-based collaboration. It provides insights into how wikis facilitate information sharing and teamwork, contributing to the broader understanding of their role in digital collaboration.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ebersbach |first1=Anja |last2=Glaser |first2=Markus |last3=Heigl |first3=Richard |title=Wiki: Web Collaboration |date=6 September 2005 |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |isbn=978-3-540-25995-4 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=JpMyzwEACAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:ISBN3540681736 |language=en}}</ref>
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-| 2005 || October || Symposium || The first WikiSym, an academic symposium about wikis, is held in {{w|San Diego, California}}. In 2014, it would be renamed OpenSym, continuing as a significant event for wiki research and discussion.
+| 2005 || October || Symposium || The first WikiSym, an academic symposium about wikis, is held in {{w|San Diego, California}}. In 2014, it would be renamed OpenSym, continuing as a significant event for wiki research and discussion.<ref>{{cite web |title=WikiSym 2005 |url=https://opensym.org/blog/category/wikisym-2005/ |website=opensym.org |accessdate=6 September 2024}}</ref>
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-| 2005 || October || Service Launch || Wetpaint, a wiki farm, is launched. It aims to create a platform for users to build community sites with rich media content, further diversifying the types of wikis available.
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-| 2005 || October || Wiki launch || La Frikipedia, a Spanish-language parody of Wikipedia, is launched. Like its counterparts in other languages, La Frikipedia uses humor and satire to poke fun at Wikipedia's serious tone. It would become a popular site in the Spanish-speaking internet community, known for its irreverent take on various subjects.
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-| 2005 || November || Wiki launch || Dan Bricklin, a pioneer in spreadsheet software, launches wikiCalc, a wiki-based spreadsheet application. WikiCalc allows users to collaboratively create and edit spreadsheets within a wiki environment, combining the flexibility of wikis with the functionality of traditional spreadsheet software.
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-| 2006 || February || Conference || The first RecentChangesCamp, an unconference dedicated to wikis, is held in {{w|Portland, Oregon}}. It would become known for its informal, participant-driven format, promoting collaboration and innovation within the wiki community.
+| 2006 || February || Conference || The first RecentChangesCamp, an unconference dedicated to wikis, is held in {{w|Portland, Oregon}}. It would become known for its informal, participant-driven format, promoting collaboration and innovation within the wiki community.<ref>{{cite web |title=Recent Changes Camp |url=https://wiki.c2.com/?RecentChangesCamp |website=wiki.c2.com |accessdate=6 September 2024}}</ref>
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 | 2006 || April 6 || Wiki launch || {{w|LyricWiki}} is launched. This wiki is dedicated to providing a comprehensive and collaborative database of song lyrics. It allows users to contribute and edit lyrics from various artists and genres, creating a valuable resource for music fans and researchers.<ref>{{cite web |title=LyricWiki |url=https://hy.w3we.com/wiki/LyricWiki |website=hy.w3we.com |access-date=10 September 2022}}</ref>
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-| 2006 || April || Wiki application launch || eTouch Systems launches SamePage, a wiki application aimed at enterprise users. SamePage offers a collaborative platform for project management, document sharing, and team communication, positioning itself as a comprehensive solution for corporate collaboration and content management.
+| 2006 || April 7 || Wiki launch || {{w|Wikiloc}} is launched.<ref>{{cite web |title=More than 7 million people share routes on Wikiloc |url=https://xn--fundaci-r0a.cat/en/more-than-7-million-people-share-routes-on-wikiloc/ |website=Fundació .cat |access-date=13 July 2022 |date=24 November 2020}}</ref> It is a track-sharing site designed for users to share and discover routes based on {{w|GPS}} tracking. Primarily used for outdoor activities such as hiking, biking, and trekking, Wikiloc allows users to upload and access detailed tracks, waypoints, and route descriptions. The platform facilitates the exchange of route information and enhances outdoor adventures by providing a community-driven repository of navigational data.<ref>{{cite web |title=WikiLoc - OpenStreetMap Wiki |url=https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/WikiLoc|website=wiki.openstreetmap.org |access-date=3 October 2022}}</ref>
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-| 2006 || April 7 || || {{w|Wikiloc}} is launched.<ref>{{cite web |title=More than 7 million people share routes on Wikiloc |url=https://xn--fundaci-r0a.cat/en/more-than-7-million-people-share-routes-on-wikiloc/ |website=Fundació .cat |access-date=13 July 2022 |date=24 November 2020}}</ref> It is a track-sharing site designed for users to share and discover routes based on {{w|GPS}} tracking. Primarily used for outdoor activities such as hiking, biking, and trekking, Wikiloc allows users to upload and access detailed tracks, waypoints, and route descriptions. The platform facilitates the exchange of route information and enhances outdoor adventures by providing a community-driven repository of navigational data.<ref>{{cite web |title=WikiLoc - OpenStreetMap Wiki |url=https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/WikiLoc|website=wiki.openstreetmap.org |access-date=3 October 2022}}</ref>
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 | 2006 || April || Wiki software launch || {{w|SamePage}} is launched by eTouch Systems. It is a collaborative software platform designed to facilitate team communication and project management. SamePage combines wiki functionality with features for document sharing, task management, and real-time collaboration. The platform aims to enhance productivity by providing a centralized space where teams can work together, share information, and track project progress.<ref name="History Of Wikis"/>
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 | 2006 || April || Wiki launch || Major [[w:China|Chinese]] wiki encyclopedia {{w|Baidu Baike}} (not to confuse with baike.com) is launched. Operated by the Chinese search engine {{w|Baidu}}, the for-profit wiki quickly becomes more popular than the Chinese version of Wikipedia within China. Baidu Baike would hold millions of articles, and unlike Wikipedia, it would retain copyright over its content, reflecting a different approach to information sharing in China.<ref name="History Of Wikis"/>
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-| 2006 || April || Acquisition || {{w|Internet Brands}} purchases the sites WikiTravel and World66. WikiTravel, a collaborative travel guide, and World66, a travel-focused wiki, are integrated into Internet Brands' portfolio, enhancing its presence in the travel and tourism sector. This acquisition aims to leverage the community-driven content of these wikis to provide comprehensive travel information and resources to users, further expanding Internet Brands' offerings in the online travel space.<ref name="History Of Wikis"/>
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 | 2006 || May 9 || Wiki launch || {{w|AboutUs.com}} is launched. This wiki-based platform focuses on creating and maintaining detailed pages about businesses, organizations, and websites. It allows users to contribute and edit content related to various entities, offering a comprehensive directory and profile information. AboutUs.com aims to provide accurate and user-generated insights into a wide range of topics, enhancing online visibility and information accessibility for businesses and organizations.
@@ Line 237: / Line 231: @@
 | 2006 || August 15 || Wiki launch || {{w|Wikiversity}} is launched<ref>{{cite web |title=Wikiversity:Reports/es - Wikiversity |url=https://beta.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Reports/es |website=beta.wikiversity.org |access-date=7 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> as an independent Wikimedia Foundation project.<ref name="Wikibooks"/> As of September 2022, there are Wikiversity sites active for 17 languages<ref name="Sitematrix">{{w|Wikimedia}}'s {{w|MediaWiki}} [[:mw:API:Sitematrix|API:Sitematrix]]. Retrieved {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} from [[:c:Data:Wikipedia_statistics/meta.tab|Data:Wikipedia statistics/meta.tab]]</ref><ref name=wsaw/> comprising a total of 138,570 articles and 810 recently active editors.<ref name=wsaw/>
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-| 2006 || August || Service Launch || Wikidot, a wiki hosting service that allows users to create and manage their own wikis, is launched. It would become known for its versatility and use in a variety of fields, including education, gaming, and personal projects.
+| 2006 || October 4 || Wiki launch || {{w|WikiLeaks}} is founded as an international, non-profit platform designed for whistleblowers to anonymously release classified or sensitive information. The website, spearheaded by Australian activist {{w|Julian Assange}}, aims to promote transparency by publishing documents related to government, corporate, and institutional misconduct. WikiLeaks would gain global attention with its large-scale releases, including diplomatic cables, military logs, and surveillance programs, often exposing controversial practices and sparking public debate. While lauded for its commitment to free speech and transparency, WikiLeaks would also face significant criticism and legal challenges related to the ethical and security implications of its publications.<ref>{{cite web |title=WikiLeaks Revelations in Global Context: The War Between Right to Publish and Ethical Code of Conduct |url=http://www.publishingindia.com/manthan/6/wiki-leaks-revelations-in-global-context-the-war-between-right-to-publish-and-ethical-code-of-conduct/133/1060/ |website=publishingindia.com |accessdate=6 September 2024}}</ref>
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-| 2006 || August || Website Launch || The Wikimedia Foundation launches Wikiversity, intended for tutorials and other educational content. It becomes a platform for collaborative learning and educational resources, expanding the scope of Wikimedia projects.
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-| 2006 || October 4 || Wiki launch || {{w|WikiLeaks}} is founded.
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-| 2006 || October || Acquisition || {{w|Google}} acquires, a commercially developed wiki platform designed to enable collaborative workspaces for users. JotSpot was founded by Joe Kraus and Graham Spencer, and it offers an easy-to-use interface for creating and managing wikis, making it popular for businesses and project teams. The acquisition marks Google's deeper venture into collaborative software, as it aims to integrate JotSpot into its suite of productivity tools. By 2007, JotSpot would be rebranded and relaunched as part of Google’s core offerings, complementing other services like {{w|Gmail}}, {{w|Google Calendar}}, and {{w|Google Docs}}.<ref name="Woods"/>
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 | 2006 || October 26 || Wiki launch || {{w|Metapedia}} is launched by Anders Lagerström, a neo-Nazi publisher from Linköping, Sweden.<ref>{{cite web |title=Metapedia |url=https://www.amazon.com.au/Metapedia-Nuadha-Trev/dp/6139634288 |website=amazon |access-date=10 September 2022}}</ref> It is an online {{w|wiki}}-based encyclopedia dedicated to [[w:Fascism|fascist]], {{w|far-right}}, {{w|white nationalist}}, {{w|white supremacist}}, {{w|anti-feminist}}, {{w|homophobic}}, {{w|Islamophobic}}, {{w|antisemitic}}, {{w|Holocaust-denying}} and {{w|neo-Nazi}} points of view.<ref name="A Space for Hate">{{cite book|author=Adam G. Klein|title=A Space for Hate: The White Power Movement's Adaptation Into Cyberspace|date=June 2010|isbn=978-1-936117-07-9|pages=93, 104–105}}</ref><ref name="LExpansion-Metapedia">{{cite web|author1=Perrine Signoret|date=27 June 2017|title=Infogalactic, Metapedia, Conservapedia: l'extrême droite aussi a ses "Wikipédia"|url=https://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/high-tech/infogalactic-metapedia-conservapedia-l-extreme-droite-aussi-a-ses-wikipedia_1922139.html|access-date=13 November 2019|website=LExpansion.com|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Conservapedia too pinko? Try Metapedia [printer-friendly] • The Register |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628201919/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/07/23/metapedia/print.html |website=web.archive.org |access-date=10 September 2022 |date=28 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=L'extrême droite s'offre une seconde jeunesse sur le web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720205941/http://www.cafebabel.fr/article/30692/extreme-droit-fn-politique-europe-parti.html |website=web.archive.org |access-date=10 September 2022 |date=20 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515045948/http://www.mik.nrw.de/uploads/media/Verfassungsschutzbericht_2008.pdf |website=web.archive.org |access-date=10 September 2022 |date=15 May 2013}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite magazine |last=Sobel Fitts |first=Alexis |date=2017-06-21 |title=Welcome to the Wikipedia of the Alt-Right {{!}} Backchannel |url=https://www.wired.com/story/welcome-to-the-wikipedia-of-the-alt-right/ |magazine=Wired |language=en-us |issn=1059-1028 |access-date=2021-04-08}}</ref>
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 | 2006 || November 21 || Wiki launch || {{w|Conservapedia}} is launched.<ref>{{cite web |title=Conservapedia Day |url=https://www.conservapedia.com/Conservapedia_Day |website=conservapedia |access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref> Established by American lawyer and Christian conservative activist {{w|Andrew Schlafly}}, it is a wiki encyclopedia project written from an American Conservative viewpoint, to fix what is seen as a liberal bias in {{w|Wikipedia}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Conservapedia - Knowino |url=https://www.tau.ac.il/~tsirel/dump/Static/knowino.org/wiki/Conservapedia.html |website=www.tau.ac.il |access-date=10 September 2022}}</ref>
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-| 2006 || November || || Microsoft launches Office SharePoint Server 2007, introducing wiki and blog functionality within the enterprise environment for the first time. This release marks a significant step in integrating collaborative tools into Microsoft's widely-used productivity suite, catering to the growing demand for enterprise-level collaboration platforms.
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-| 2006 || December || Wiki launch || Clearspace is launched. Created by {{w|Jive Software}}, it would be later renamed "Jive SBS," then "Jive Engage" and then [[w:Jive (software)|Jive]].<ref name="History Of Wikis">{{cite web |title=History Of Wikis |url=https://wiki.c2.com/?HistoryOfWikis= |website=wiki.c2.com |access-date=7 September 2022}}</ref>
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 | 2006 || December || Wiki launch || {{w|Sunshine Press}} launches the <code>wikiLeaks.org</code> website, as part of an international non-profit organization that obtains and publishes sensitive information.<ref name="A History of WikiLeakss">{{cite web |title=A History of WikiLeaks |url=https://medium.com/@joshuashawnmichaelhehe/a-history-of-wikileaks-9332028f37fd |website=medium.com |accessdate=2 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="britannica.com">{{cite web |title=WikiLeaks |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/WikiLeaks |website=britannica.com |accessdate=2 September 2022}}</ref>
 |-
-| 2006 || December || || Clearspace, a collaborative software platform created by Jive Software, is launched. Clearspace provides tools for team collaboration, content management, and community building, and would be later rebranded multiple times, ultimately becoming Jive Engage. The platform's evolution reflects the dynamic nature of enterprise collaboration tools during this period.
+| 2006 || December || Wiki software launch || Clearspace, a collaborative software platform created by Jive Software, is launched. It provides tools for team collaboration, content management, and community building. The platform would be rebranded as Jive SBS, then Jive Engage, and eventually simply Jive. This evolution reflects the dynamic nature of enterprise collaboration tools during this period.<ref name="History Of Wikis">{{cite web |title=History Of Wikis |url=https://wiki.c2.com/?HistoryOfWikis= |website=wiki.c2.com |access-date=7 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jive Clearspace 2.5: Increasingly Sophisticated Social Productivity Tools |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/jive-clearspace-2-5-increasingly-sophisticated-social-productivity-tools/ |website=zdnet.com |accessdate=6 September 2024}}</ref>
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 | 2006 || December || Wiki launch || {{w|Wikivoyage}} is launched as a non-commercial travel wiki, created by former authors and administrators of {{w|WikiTravel}}. Unlike its predecessor, Wikivoyage is designed to provide travel information and guides without commercial interests, relying on a community-driven model to offer comprehensive and up-to-date travel content. The platform allows users to contribute and edit articles on destinations, accommodations, and travel tips, aiming to foster a collaborative and unbiased resource for travelers worldwide. This launch marks a significant shift towards creating an open and freely accessible travel guide online.<ref name="History Of Wikis"/>
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-| 2007 || January || Wiki launch || {{w|Amazon.com}} releases {{w|Amapedia}}, a product-review wiki integrated into its website. Amapedia allows users to collaboratively create and edit product information, reflecting the growing influence of wikis in mainstream web services. However, despite its innovative approach, Amapedia would be shut down in June 2010 due to limited user engagement.
+| 2007 || January || Wiki launch || {{w|Amazon.com}} releases {{w|Amapedia}}, a product-review wiki integrated into its website. Amapedia allows users to collaboratively create and edit product information, reflecting the growing influence of wikis in mainstream web services. However, despite its innovative approach, Amapedia would be shut down in June 2010 due to limited user engagement.<ref name="History Of Wikis"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Amapedia |url=https://logos.fandom.com/wiki/Amapedia |website=Logos Wiki |accessdate=31 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amapedia: Wikipedia for Products |url=https://readwrite.com/amapedia_wikipedia_for_products/ |website=ReadWrite |accessdate=31 August 2024}}</ref>
 |-
 | 2007 || January || Project launch || {{w|DBpedia}} is launched as a project aimed at extracting structured data from Wikipedia and making it available in a machine-readable format. This initiative enables advanced querying of Wikipedia data, contributing significantly to the Linked Data movement by providing a foundational dataset that could be linked to other web resources. By 2008, it would become a major component of the {{w|Linked Data}} initiative.<ref>{{cite web |title=Transcript: Sir Tim Berners-Lee Talks with Talis about the Semantic Web |url=http://talis-podcasts.s3.amazonaws.com/twt20080207_TimBL.html |website=talis-podcasts.s3.amazonaws.com |access-date=2 September 2022}}</ref>
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 | 2007 || February || Wiki launch || {{w|Penguin Books}} launches a wiki to create the planned novel ''{{w|A Million Penguins}}'', in a well-publicized experiment at creating a crowd-generated novel. The wiki would be shut down a month later, not having created a coherent work.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205145200/http://www.ioct.dmu.ac.uk/documents/amillionpenguinsreport.pdf |website=web.archive.org |access-date=2 September 2022 |date=5 December 2014}}</ref>
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-| 2007 || February || Collaborative novel experiment || Penguin Books launches "A Million Penguins," a wiki-based project to crowdsource the writing of a novel. Despite significant media attention, the experiment is closed after only a month due to the inability to produce a cohesive narrative from the collaborative efforts of participants.
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 | 2007 || || Wiki launch || ShoutWiki, a wiki farm, is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=ShoutWiki Hub:About - ShoutWiki Hub |url=http://www.shoutwiki.com/wiki/ShoutWiki_Hub:About |website=www.shoutwiki.com |access-date=7 September 2022}}</ref> An alternative to {{w|Wikia}}, ShoutWiki is launched as a wiki farm offering a free, ad-supported hosting service for wikis. It provides a platform for users to create and manage their own wikis without cost, making it accessible for various projects and communities. Unlike Wikia, which operates on a larger scale and with different monetization strategies, ShoutWiki focuses on providing a straightforward, user-friendly environment with basic support and customization options. Its ad-supported model allows for a no-cost entry point for users interested in establishing collaborative online spaces.<ref>{{cite web |title=TopAlter.com ~ Find The Best Alternatives |url=https://topalter.com/ |website=topalter.com |access-date=10 September 2022}}</ref>
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 | 2007 || May 22 || Wiki launch || {{w|RationalWiki}} is launched.<ref>{{cite web |title=Timeline |url=https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/RationalWiki:Timeline |website=RationalWiki |access-date=9 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> It is an online {{w|wiki}} whose stated goals are to "analyze and refute {{w|pseudoscience}} and the [[w:antiscience|anti-science]] movement, document '[[w:Crank (person)|crank]]' ideas, explore [[w:Conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]], {{w|authoritarianism}}, and {{w|fundamentalism}}, and analyze how these subjects are handled in the [[w:News media|media]]."<ref>{{cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413184123/http://necsi.edu/events/iccs2011/papers/45.pdf#page=4 |website=web.archive.org |access-date=10 September 2022 |date=13 April 2015}}</ref>
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-| 2007 || May || || Metaweb launches Freebase, a platform designed to store information from Wikipedia and other sources in a structured, queriable format. Freebase aims to provide an organized repository of knowledge, facilitating more complex queries. Google would acquire Metaweb and Freebase in July 2010, integrating the technology into the Google Knowledge Graph launched in 2012.
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-| 2007 || - || Wiki launch || Encyc, an alternative wiki to Wikipedia, is founded using PmWiki software. In 2008, it would transition to MediaWiki, reflecting a broader trend of adoption of the MediaWiki platform across various independent wiki projects.
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 | 2007 || - || Wiki launch || {{w|Proteopedia}} is created at the {{w|Weizmann Institute of Science}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Proteopedia:About - Proteopedia, life in 3D |url=https://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Proteopedia:About |website=proteopedia.org |access-date=10 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref> It is a unique wiki-based 3D encyclopedia dedicated to {{w|protein}}s and other {{w|molecule}}s. Proteopedia allows users to explore and visualize molecular structures in three dimensions, providing detailed information about protein functions, interactions, and structures. This interactive platform is designed to enhance understanding in {{w|molecular biology}} and {{w|biochemistry}} by offering a collaborative and dynamic resource for researchers and students.<ref name="pmid18673581">{{cite journal |vauthors = Hodis E, Prilusky J, Martz E, Silman I, Moult J, Sussman JL |title = Proteopedia - a scientific 'wiki' bridging the rift between three-dimensional structure and function of biomacromolecules |journal = Genome Biol. |volume = 9 |issue = 8 |pages = R121 |year = 2008 |pmid = 18673581 |pmc = 2575511 |doi = 10.1186/gb-2008-9-8-r121 }}</ref><ref name="pmid19117028">{{cite journal |author = Martz E |title = Proteopedia.Org: a scientific "Wiki" bridging the rift between 3D structure and function of biomacromolecules |journal = Biopolymers |volume = 92 |issue = 1 |pages = 76–7 |year = 2009 |pmid = 19117028 |doi = 10.1002/bip.21126 |doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Hodis_2010">{{cite journal |vauthors = Hodis E, Prilusky J, Sussman JL |title = Proteopedia: A collaborative, virtual 3D web-resource for protein and biomolecule structure and function |journal = Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education |year = 2010 |volume = 38 |issue = 5 |pages = 341–2 |doi = 10.1002/bmb.20431 |pmid = 21567857 |doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid21536137">{{cite journal |last = Prilusky |first = J |author2 = Hodis, E. |author3 = Canner, D. |author4 = Decatur, W. A. |author5 = Oberholser, K. |author6 = Martz, E. |author7 = Berchanski, A. |author8 = Harel, M. |author9 = Sussman, J. L. |title = Proteopedia: A status report on the collaborative, 3D web-encyclopedia of proteins and other biomolecules |journal = Journal of Structural Biology |date = Aug 2011 |volume = 175 |issue = 2 |pages = 244–252 |doi = 10.1016/j.jsb.2011.04.011 |pmid = 21536137 }}</ref>
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 | 2007 || December 6 || Literature || Mark S. Choate publishes ''Professional Wikis'', which shows how to install, use, manage, and extend a wiki using {{w|MediaWiki}}. It teaches wiki terminology and how to create user accounts and new pages, among other skills.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Choate |first1=Mark S. |title=Professional Wikis |date=24 March 2008 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-470-28199-4 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/Professional_Wikis.html?id=Dml9m0GSJ08C&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref>
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-| 2007 || || Wiki popularization || Wikipedia's ranking among the top ten most popular websites underscores its significant impact and widespread adoption. The site’s success plays a crucial role in popularizing the concept of wikis and showcasing their effectiveness as collaborative tools.
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 | 2008 || ? || Wiki launch || {{w|WikiTree}} is launched as a collaborative family tree website. It allows users to build and share a single global family tree, enabling collaboration on genealogical research. WikiTree’s approach emphasizes the collective effort of its users to create a comprehensive and accurate family history, integrating features for family collaboration, research, and documentation. The site provides tools for users to connect with others researching similar family lines and encourages the sharing of family information while maintaining a focus on privacy and data accuracy.<ref>{{cite web |title=WikiTree |url=https://www.linkedin.com/company/wikitree/ |website=linkedin |access-date=10 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Should You Contribute to WikiTree? A Review |url=https://genealogytools.com/should-you-contribute-to-wikitree-a-review/ |website=genealogytools.com |access-date=10 September 2022}}</ref>
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-| 2008 || May || Search engine release || Powerset, a company established in 2005, releases a search engine that utilizes data from the {{w|English Wikipedia}} to answer natural-language queries. This innovation allows users to obtain more precise answers to complex questions. Microsoft would acquire Powerset in July 2008, integrating its technology to enhance the Bing search engine’s capabilities.
+| 2008 || May || Search engine release || Powerset, a company established in 2005, releases a search engine that utilizes data from the {{w|English Wikipedia}} to answer natural-language queries. This innovation allows users to obtain more precise answers to complex questions. Microsoft would acquire Powerset in July 2008, integrating its technology to enhance the Bing search engine’s capabilities.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History of Google Killers |url=https://technologizer.com/2009/05/19/a-brief-history-of-google-killers/index.html |website=Technologizer |author=Harry McCracken |date=19 May 2009 |accessdate=25 August 2024}}</ref>
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-| 2008 || August || Controversy || United States presidential candidate {{w|John McCain}} faces controversy when he was accused of plagiarizing {{w|Wikipedia}} in a speech about [[w:Georgia (country)|Georgia]]. The accusation arises after it was noted that sections of McCain's speech closely mirrors content from Wikipedia, leading to allegations of improper use of the online encyclopedia without proper attribution. The incident draws attention to Wikipedia's role as a widely used reference source and sparks discussions about the proper attribution of online content in political discourse.
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-| 2008 || September || Wiki launch || {{w|Catawiki}} is launched as a wiki-based platform for auctions. Initially focusing on collectibles, rare items, and unique objects, Catawiki allows users to browse, bid, and buy items through an online auction format. Over time, it would evolve to cover a broader range of categories, including art, antiques, and luxury items, becoming a significant player in the online auction market. The platform combines the auction model with a user-friendly interface and expert curation to facilitate transactions and attract buyers and sellers globally.
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-| 2008 || October || Forking of TWiki || Most developers of TWiki leave the project to create a fork called Foswiki. This decision follows a controversial move by TWiki’s creator, Peter Thoeny, who takes control of the TWiki code and trademark through his company, TWiki.net. The split highlights the challenges of open-source governance and community management within the wiki software space.
+| 2008 || September || Wiki launch || {{w|Catawiki}} is launched as a wiki-based platform for auctions. Initially focusing on collectibles, rare items, and unique objects, Catawiki allows users to browse, bid, and buy items through an online auction format. Over time, it would evolve to cover a broader range of categories, including art, antiques, and luxury items, becoming a significant player in the online auction market. The platform combines the auction model with a user-friendly interface and expert curation to facilitate transactions and attract buyers and sellers globally.<ref>{{cite web |title=Catawiki raises €150M in funding |url=https://siliconcanals.com/catawiki-raises-150m/ |website=Silicon Canals |author=Silicon Canals |date=14 July 2021 |accessdate=25 August 2024}}</ref>
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 | 2008 || November || Literature || Matthew Barton, Robert Cummings and Matt Barton publish ''Wiki Writing: Collaborative Learning in the College Classroom''. This book examines the use of wikis as educational tools in higher education. It focuses on how wikis can facilitate collaborative learning, enhance student engagement, and improve writing skills in the classroom. The authors offer practical advice and strategies for integrating wikis into college curricula, demonstrating their potential to foster collaborative, peer-driven educational environments.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Barton |first1=Matthew |last2=Cummings |first2=Robert |last3=Barton |first3=Matt |title=Wiki Writing: Collaborative Learning in the College Classroom |date=25 November 2008 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=978-0-472-11671-3 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=2Ek_DwAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref>
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 | 2009 || April || Wiki launch || Tricki is launched as a wiki dedicated to storing and sharing tricks and strategies for proving mathematical results. It serves as a collaborative platform where mathematicians and enthusiasts can contribute and access a collection of problem-solving techniques and insights. The wiki aims to support the mathematical community by providing a repository of valuable strategies that can aid in understanding and solving complex mathematical problems.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tricki now live |url=https://terrytao.wordpress.com/2009/04/16/tricki-now-live/ |website=What's new |access-date=8 September 2022 |language=en |date=16 April 2009}}</ref>
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-| 2009 || May || || Google introduces Google Wave, a platform intended to integrate the functionality of wikis with email, instant messaging, and social networking. Despite its innovative approach to collaborative communication, Google Wave struggles to gain traction and would be eventually discontinued in August 2010. In December 2010, the project would be transferred to the Apache Foundation and renamed Apache Wave.
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-| 2009 || June || Plagiarism || Journalist Chris Anderson admits to plagiarizing several Wikipedia articles in his book ''Free: The Future of a Radical Price''. Anderson describes the incident as a "screwup" and attributes it to a lack of clarity on how to cite specific versions of Wikipedia articles, highlighting the challenges of using online content in published works.
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-| 2010 || January || Controversy || WikiLeaks, which had initially been a true wiki, gains notoriety after publishing a set of leaked documents from the U.S. government. It shifts to a non-editable format in that year and moves away from the wiki model.
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-| 2010 || May || Wiki launch || {{w|Google Wave}} is released to the general public.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Catacchio |first1=Chad |title=Google Wave is 1 year old today, but will anybody show up to the party? |url=https://thenextweb.com/news/google-wave-is-1-year-old-today-but-will-anybody-show-up-to-the-party |website=TNW {{!}} Google |access-date=8 September 2022 |language=en |date=28 May 2010}}</ref> Later known as Apache Wave, it is a real-time collaborative online editing platform that merges features from email, instant messaging, wikis, and social networking. It is designed for both synchronous and asynchronous communication. Google Wave features advanced extensions like contextual spelling and grammar checking and automated language translation. Google would suspend development later in the year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Update on Google Wave |url=https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/08/update-on-google-wave.html |website=Google Blog |date=4 August 2010 |accessdate=25 August 2024}}</ref> The project would then be adopted by the Apache Software Foundation as "Apache Wave,"<ref>{{cite web |title=Google Spins Wave into Wave in a Box for Third-Party Use|url=https://www.pcmag.com/archive/google-spins-wave-into-wave-in-a-box-for-third-party-use-254275 |website=PCMag |date=8 August 2010 |accessdate=25 August 2024}}</ref> but it would never reach a full release and would be discontinued in January 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Apache Wave Incubation Status |url=https://incubator.apache.org/projects/wave.html |website=Apache Incubator |accessdate=25 August 2024}}</ref>
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 | 2010 || May || Wiki launch || {{w|TermWiki}} is announced by CSOFT International Ltd.," a leading provider of multilingual localization, testing, and outsourced software development for the global market, announced today the upcoming launch of TermWiki, the localization industry’s first multilingual, collaborative and Wiki-based terminology management system."<ref>{{cite web |title=CSOFT International Ltd. Launches TermWiki {{!}} CSOFT International |url=https://www.csoftintl.com/news-events/csoft-international-ltd-launches-termwiki/ |website=csoftintl |access-date=10 September 2022 |date=14 January 2010}}</ref>
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 | 2010 || December || Wiki software launch || SAP enhances its [[w:SAP NetWeaver Portal|NetWeaver Portal]] application by incorporating wiki functionality. This addition allows users to collaboratively create, edit, and organize content directly within the portal, leveraging the collaborative nature of wikis to improve knowledge sharing and project management. By integrating wiki software, SAP enables teams to document processes, share insights, and maintain an evolving repository of information, enhancing the overall utility and user experience of the NetWeaver Portal. This move aligns with the broader trend of integrating social and collaborative tools into enterprise software to boost productivity and innovation.
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-| 2011 || January || Anniversary || Wikipedia celebrates its 10th anniversary with significant international media coverage, highlighting its global impact and recognition as one of the most important works of the digital age. Notably, the German newspaper ''Die Zeit'' features a cover story declaring Wikipedia as "The greatest work of mankind," reflecting the platform's growing significance and global impact.
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 | 2011 || February || Literature || Dan Woods and Peter Thoeny publish Wikis For Dummies,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woods |first1=Dan |last2=Thoeny |first2=Peter |title=Wikis For Dummies |date=8 February 2011 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-05066-8 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=5VXgXlU7g-YC&dq=Wikis+For+Dummies |language=en}}</ref> which attempts to offer a friendly guide to get the user you up and running in the wiki world in short time, from creating and editing wiki pages and going public to handling maintenance, promotion, and project management.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wikis For Dummies |url=https://www.amazon.com/Wikis-Dummies-Dan-Woods/dp/0470043997 |website=amazon |access-date=10 September 2022}}</ref>
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-| 2012 || March || Wiki proposal || Wikidata is proposed as a Wikimedia Foundation project aimed at creating a collaborative database of structured data that could be used across all language versions of Wikipedia. Officially launched later that year, Wikidata would become a critical resource for improving data consistency and enabling more sophisticated querying across the Wikimedia ecosystem.
+| 2012 || October 30 || Wiki launch || The Wikidata project, a collaborative data repository, is officially launched. Wikidata is designed to provide a centralized source of data that could be utilized across all language editions of Wikipedia, streamlining the process of updating and maintaining information on the platform.<ref>{{cite web |title=Research Paper or Report |url=http://eprints.rclis.org/22754/ |website=eprints.rclis.org |accessdate=16 September 2024}}</ref>
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-| 2012 || March || Proposal || A proposal is made to have the Wikimedia Foundation host a wiki dedicated to travel advice. The proposal leads to a lengthy discussion and vote, culminating in a decision to incorporate Wikivoyage, a spinoff from the Wikitravel site, as a Wikimedia project. The move is met with legal challenges, but the community ultimately succeeds in launching the travel guide wiki.
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-| 2012 || || Wiki launch || MyWikis, a MediaWiki-based wiki farm, is launched. It provides a platform for creating and managing multiple wikis under a single umbrella, offering flexibility and scalability for various projects and communities.
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-| 2012 || October 30 || Wiki launch || The Wikidata project, a collaborative data repository, is officially launched. Wikidata is designed to provide a centralized source of data that could be utilized across all language editions of Wikipedia, streamlining the process of updating and maintaining information on the platform. On January 14, 2013, Wikidata would be used for the first time to automatically display "interlanguage links" within articles on the Hungarian Wikipedia. This marks the beginning of Wikidata's integration into {{w|Wikipedia}}, enhancing the efficiency and consistency of information management across different language editions.
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-| 2013 || January 14 || Implementation || Wikidata is officially used for the first time on the {{w|Hungarian Wikipedia}} to enable the automatic display of "interlanguage links" within articles. This marks the beginning of Wikidata's integration into the Wikimedia ecosystem, enhancing the consistency and efficiency of data management across different language versions.
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-| 2013 || April || || MindTouch Inc. ceases development of its open-source wiki software, transitioning entirely to a proprietary, hosted service model. This move reflects a broader trend in the software industry towards proprietary solutions, as companies seek more control over their products and revenue streams.
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-| 2013 || July || || Wetpaint, a company known for its wiki hosting service, sells its wiki operations to WikiFoundry. Wetpaint shifts its focus to hosting professionally generated content, marking a significant change in its business model. The sale represents the evolving nature of the wiki industry, as companies adapt to new market demands and opportunities.
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 | 2014 || December || Wiki launch || {{w|Everipedia}} is launched as a {{w|blockchain}}-based {{w|online encyclopedia}}. It aims to create a decentralized and open-source platform for knowledge sharing, utilizing blockchain technology to ensure transparency, security, and immutability of its content. Unlike traditional wikis, Everipedia integrates blockchain to offer a more distributed model of content management and verification. This innovative approach seeks to address issues related to content censorship and reliability, providing a platform where users can freely contribute and access information with greater accountability.<ref>{{cite web |title=Everipedia - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/everipedia |website=Crunchbase |access-date=10 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Desk |first1=AIT News |title=Everipedia blockchain-based encyclopedia & Brave Announce Partnership |url=https://aithority.com/technology/blockchain/everipedia-and-brave-announce-partnership/ |website=AiThority |access-date=10 September 2022 |date=1 November 2019}}</ref>
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 | 2015 || April 17 || Wiki launch || {{w|Namuwiki}} is launched as a {{w|South Korea}}n online encyclopedia. It is a wiki-style platform where users can create and edit articles on various topics, similar to other wiki-based sites. Namuwiki is known for its focus on a broad range of subjects, including popular culture, technology, and Korean society, and would gain popularity in South Korea for its detailed and community-driven content.<ref>{{cite web |title=Namuwiki |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/g11c3j6680_?hl=nl |website=Google Arts & Culture |access-date=10 September 2022 |language=nl}}</ref>
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-| 2016 || October || Rebranding || Wikia.com is rebranded as [[w:Fandom (website)|Fandom]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Wikia, Inc. Rebrands Wikia.com as Fandom powered by Wikia - PR Newswire APAC |url=https://en.prnasia.com/releases/apac/Wikia_Inc_Rebrands_Wikia_com_as_Fandom_powered_by_Wikia-160153.shtml |website=en.prnasia.com |access-date=8 September 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref> Wikia.com is renamed "Fandom powered by Wikia", to better associate itself with the Fandom website. Wikia, Inc. remains under its current name, and the homepage of Wikia.com is moved to ''wikia.com/fandom''.<ref name="Wikia is now Fandom powered by Wikia"/>
 |-
 | 2017 || March 12 || Wiki launch || Timelines Wiki is launched by Issa Rice.<ref>{{cite web |title=Revision history of "Main Page" - Timelines |url=https://timelines.issarice.com/index.php?title=Main_Page&dir=prev&action=history |website=timelines.issarice.com |access-date=7 September 2022}}</ref> It is a wiki storing timelines on various topics. The platform is designed to organize and present chronological information systematically, making it a valuable resource for understanding historical and contemporary events, projects, and developments across various fields.<ref>{{cite web |title=Timelines |url=https://timelines.issarice.com/wiki/Main_Page |website=timelines.issarice.com |access-date=7 September 2022}}</ref>
@@ Line 348: / Line 296: @@
 |-
 |}
+== Visual data ==
+=== Google trends ===
+The image below shows Google Trends data for Wiki (topic), from January 2004 to September 2024, when the screenshot as taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.<ref>{{cite web |title=Google Trends: Wikipedia |url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=%2Fm%2F081gf&hl=en |website=trends.google.com |accessdate=6 September 2024}}</ref>
+[[File:Wiki-google-trends.png|thumb|center|700px]]
+=== Google Ngram Viewer ===
+The chart below shows {{w|Google Ngram Viewer}} data for wiki, from 1995 to 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Google Ngram Viewer: Wiki |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=wiki&year_start=1995&year_end=2022&corpus=en&smoothing=3&case_insensitive=false |website=Google Books Ngram Viewer |accessdate=6 September 2024}}</ref>
+[[File:Wiki-google-ngramviewer.jpg|thumb|center|700px]]
+=== Wikipedia views ===
+The chart below shows Wikipedia Views data for English article {{w|Wiki}}, from July 2015 to August 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wikipedia Page Views for "Wiki" |url=https://wikipediaviews.org/displayviewsformultiplemonths.php?page=Wiki&allmonths=allmonths-api&language=en&drilldowns[0]=mobile-web&drilldowns[1]=mobile-app&drilldowns[2]=desktop-spider&drilldowns[3]=mobile-web-spider |website=wikipediaviews.org |accessdate=6 September 2024}}</ref>
+[[File:Wiki-wikipedia-views.png|thumb|center|450px]]
 ==Meta information on the timeline==
@@ Line 364: / Line 333: @@
 ===What the timeline is still missing===
-* {{w|Category:Wikis}}
-* {{w|Category:Wiki farms}}
-* {{w|Category:MediaWiki websites}}
-* {{w|Fandom (website)}} (more from here)
-* [http://wiki.c2.com/?WikiHistory=]
-* {{w|Category:Wikis}}
-* {{w|Comparison of wiki software}}
-* {{w|Wiki}}
-* {{w|List of wiki software}}
-* {{w|List of wikis}}
-* Tricki and polymath project wikis
-* Wikia rebranding as Fandom
 ===Timeline update strategy===