Difference between revisions of "Timeline of immunology"
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! Year !! Event type !! Details !! Country/region | ! Year !! Event type !! Details !! Country/region | ||
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| − | | 430 BC || || | + | | 430 BC || || Intimations already suggest that if one survives a disease, the person thereafter becomes "immune" to any subsequent exposures.<ref name="History of immunology">{{cite web |title=History of immunology |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/history-immunology |website=encyclopedia.com |accessdate=1 August 2018}}</ref> || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1700 || || | + | | 1700 || || A procedure for immunization becomes established in China. The technique is called variolation, derived from the name of the infective agent—the variola virus.<ref name="History of immunology"/> || {{w|China}} |
|- | |- | ||
| 1798 || || English physician {{w|Edward Jenner}} pioneers smallpox vaccination.<ref name="History of immunology"/><ref name="The Complete Idiot's Guide to Food Allergies">{{cite book |last1=Rejaunier |first1=Jeanne |last2=Freund |first2=Lee |title=The Complete Idiot's Guide to Food Allergies |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=JkcDGlqwgGQC&pg=PA18&dq=1900+Paul+Ehrlich+theorizes+specific+antibody+formation&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjfrYyQ_8zcAhUFEZAKHbJQBEUQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=1900%20Paul%20Ehrlich%20theorizes%20specific%20antibody%20formation&f=false}}</ref><ref name="A Text Book of Immunology">{{cite book |last1=Sinha |first1=J.K. |last2=Bhattacharya |first2=S. |title=A Text Book of Immunology |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ytCNCbCWx8oC&pg=PA7&lpg=PA7&dq=1957+Alick+Isaacs+%26+Jean+Lindemann+discover+interferon+(cytokine)&source=bl&ots=NtvC_deftO&sig=NYRice4LAPfZwxo27oulUauWwno&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwgLCI4s7cAhXKiJAKHVtSAZsQ6AEwBXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=1957%20Alick%20Isaacs%20%26%20Jean%20Lindemann%20discover%20interferon%20(cytokine)&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Biotechnologyfd">{{cite book |last1=patil |first1=C.s. |title=Biotechnology |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=oE-PEcK3MkcC&pg=PA144&dq=%221938%22+%22John+Marrack%22+++%22hypothesis%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwikv5XqmdLcAhXFjJAKHcvoCGQQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%221938%22%20%22John%20Marrack%22%20%20%20%22hypothesis%22&f=false}}</ref> || | | 1798 || || English physician {{w|Edward Jenner}} pioneers smallpox vaccination.<ref name="History of immunology"/><ref name="The Complete Idiot's Guide to Food Allergies">{{cite book |last1=Rejaunier |first1=Jeanne |last2=Freund |first2=Lee |title=The Complete Idiot's Guide to Food Allergies |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=JkcDGlqwgGQC&pg=PA18&dq=1900+Paul+Ehrlich+theorizes+specific+antibody+formation&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjfrYyQ_8zcAhUFEZAKHbJQBEUQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=1900%20Paul%20Ehrlich%20theorizes%20specific%20antibody%20formation&f=false}}</ref><ref name="A Text Book of Immunology">{{cite book |last1=Sinha |first1=J.K. |last2=Bhattacharya |first2=S. |title=A Text Book of Immunology |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ytCNCbCWx8oC&pg=PA7&lpg=PA7&dq=1957+Alick+Isaacs+%26+Jean+Lindemann+discover+interferon+(cytokine)&source=bl&ots=NtvC_deftO&sig=NYRice4LAPfZwxo27oulUauWwno&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwgLCI4s7cAhXKiJAKHVtSAZsQ6AEwBXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=1957%20Alick%20Isaacs%20%26%20Jean%20Lindemann%20discover%20interferon%20(cytokine)&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Biotechnologyfd">{{cite book |last1=patil |first1=C.s. |title=Biotechnology |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=oE-PEcK3MkcC&pg=PA144&dq=%221938%22+%22John+Marrack%22+++%22hypothesis%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwikv5XqmdLcAhXFjJAKHcvoCGQQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%221938%22%20%22John%20Marrack%22%20%20%20%22hypothesis%22&f=false}}</ref> || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1840 || || German physician {{w|Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle}} proposes a {{w|germ theory of disease}}. || | + | | 1840 || || German physician {{w|Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle}} proposes a {{w|germ theory of disease}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Milton W. |title=Viruses and Man: A History of Interactions |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=jj8qBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA78&dq=%221840%22+Friedrich+Gustav+Jakob+Henle+proposes+a+germ+theory+of+disease.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi26amN9d7cAhVDfZAKHSPWD-cQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%221840%22%20Friedrich%20Gustav%20Jakob%20Henle%20proposes%20a%20germ%20theory%20of%20disease.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ben-Menaḥem |first1=Ari |title=Historical Encyclopedia of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Volume 6 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=9tUrarQYhKMC&pg=PA1962&dq=%221840%22+Friedrich+Gustav+Jakob+Henle+proposes+a+germ+theory+of+disease.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi26amN9d7cAhVDfZAKHSPWD-cQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Zaccheo |first1=Aleardo |last2=Palmaccio |first2=Eleonora |last3=Venable |first3=Morgan |last4=Locarnini-Sciaroni |first4=Isabella |last5=Parisi |first5=Salvatore |title=Food Hygiene and Applied Food Microbiology in an Anthropological Cross Cultural Perspective |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=FRZuDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA14&dq=%221840%22+Friedrich+Gustav+Jakob+Henle+proposes+a+germ+theory+of+disease.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi26amN9d7cAhVDfZAKHSPWD-cQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%221840%22%20Friedrich%20Gustav%20Jakob%20Henle%20proposes%20a%20germ%20theory%20of%20disease.&f=false}}</ref> || |
|- | |- | ||
| 1862 || || German biologist {{w|Ernst Haeckel}} recognizes {{w|phagocytosis}}.<ref name="A Text Book of Immunology"/><ref name="Biotechnologyfd"/> || {{w|Germany}} | | 1862 || || German biologist {{w|Ernst Haeckel}} recognizes {{w|phagocytosis}}.<ref name="A Text Book of Immunology"/><ref name="Biotechnologyfd"/> || {{w|Germany}} | ||
Revision as of 18:32, 8 August 2018
This is a timeline of immunology.
Contents
Big picture
| Time period | Development summary |
|---|
Full timeline
| Year | Event type | Details | Country/region |
|---|---|---|---|
| 430 BC | Intimations already suggest that if one survives a disease, the person thereafter becomes "immune" to any subsequent exposures.[1] | ||
| 1700 | A procedure for immunization becomes established in China. The technique is called variolation, derived from the name of the infective agent—the variola virus.[1] | China | |
| 1798 | English physician Edward Jenner pioneers smallpox vaccination.[1][2][3][4] | ||
| 1840 | German physician Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle proposes a germ theory of disease.[5][6][7] | ||
| 1862 | German biologist Ernst Haeckel recognizes phagocytosis.[3][4] | Germany | |
| 1874 | Moritz Traube and Richard Gscheidlen inject micro-organisms into the blood and find that micro-organisms are rapidly destroyed and bloodstream maintain its sterility.[3] | ||
| 1877 | German Jewish physician Paul Ehrlich first describes mast cells.[8][1][3][4] | ||
| 1879 | French biologist Louis Pasteur pioneers vaccinations to immunity against viral diseases. | France | |
| 1883 | Russian zoologist Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov theorizes that cells are involved in the defense of the body. Metchnikoff introduces the concept of cell-mediated or cellular immunity.[1][2][9][4] | ||
| 1884 | W. Grohmann notes that cell-free serum is capable of killing microorganism in vitro.[3] | ||
| 1888 | French bacteriologists Pierre Paul Émile Roux and Alexandre Yersin discover bacterial toxin, by isolating a toxin secreted by corynebacterium diphtheriae and showing that the toxin—and not the microorganism—gives rise to the symptoms of diphteria.[10][3][4] | France | |
| 1888 | American-British bacteriologist George Nuttall inoculates defibrinated blood with bacteria and shows that outside the body, serum retains its bactericidal activity.[3][4] | ||
| 1889 | Hans Buchner first identifies a principle in fresh blood that he terms as "alexin" and is capable of killing bacteria.[3] | ||
| 1889 | German bacteriologist Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer conducts a series of experiments that allow the understanding of bactericidal action of serum.[3] | Germany | |
| 1891 | Robert Koch discovers delayed type hypersensitivity.[1][2][4] | ||
| 1894 | Richard Pfeiffer discovers the phenomenon of bacteriolysis.[4] | ||
| 1900 | Paul Ehrlich theorizes about some of the events taking place in immune cells, postulating that cells interact with toxins via "side chains" that stem from protoplasm.[3][4] | ||
| 1900 | Austrian biologist Karl Landsteiner discovers ABO blood group system.[3] | ||
| 1902 | Charles Richet coins the term anaphylaxis to describe the most dangerous allergic reaction.[2][3][4] | ||
| 1903 | British bacteriologists Almroth Wright and Stewart Douglas discover opsonins.[11][12][4] | United Kingdom | |
| 1906 | Clemens von Pirquet coins the term allergy.[1][2][3][4] | ||
| 1907 | Svante Arrhenius coins the term immunochemistry.[2][3] | ||
| 1910 | Henry Dale identifies histamine, a body chemical responsible for many allergic reactions. | ||
| 1910 | Peyton Rous develops his viral immunology theory.[4] | ||
| 1916 | Robert Cook and Albert Vander Veer demonstrate the role of heredity in allergy sufferers. | ||
| 1917 | Scientific development | Austrian scientist Karl Landsteiner publishes results of an exhaustive study of haptens, contributing greatly to the knowledge of antigen-antibody reactions.[13][14][15][16][3][4] | |
| 1921 | Carl Prausnitz and Heinz Küstner discover that components in the blood can reproduce food allergy reactions.[2][3] | ||
| 1924 | Ludwig Aschoff adopts the term reticuloendothelial system (RES).[3][17][18][4] | ||
| 1926 | Lloyd D. Felton isolates pure antibody preparation.[3] | ||
| 1930 | Elvin Kabat for the first time reports that gamma globulin, also called immunoglobulin, of serum acts as an active component and is mainly responsible for immunological activity after infection.[3][9] | ||
| 1930 | Friedrich Breinl and Felix Haurowitz propose the instructional theory, based on the protein folding hypothesis. According to this theory, the specificity of the antibody is determined by the antigen that provides a template to fold the antibody around itself.[9] | ||
| 1934 | John Marrack advances the antigen-antibody binding hypothesis.[3] | ||
| 1936 | Peter Gorer identifies the H-2 antigen in mice.[3] | ||
| 1937 | Italian pharmacologist Daniel Bovet, working at Pasteur Institute, becomes the first to describe the activity of antihistamines.[19][20][21][22] | France | |
| 1938 | John Marrack expounds the antigen-antibody binding hypothesis.[23][1] | ||
| 1940 | Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Weiner identify Rh antigens.[3] | ||
| 1940 | Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov's hypothesis that the main cause of immunity in the immunized animals is active cells rather than the serum components is strengthened by the experimental proof given by Merrill Chase.[9] | ||
| 1941 | Albert Coons develops immunofluorescence technique. | ||
| 1942 | "Jules Freund and Katherine McDermott research adjuvants."[1] | ||
| 1944 | Peter Medawar develops the immunological hypothesis of allograft rejection.[1] | ||
| 1948 | Astrid Fagraeus demonstrates the production of antibodies in plasma B cells.[1] | ||
| 1948 | George Snell develops congenic strains of mice.[24][1][25] | ||
| 1949 | " Macfarlane Burnet & Frank Fenner formulate immunological tolerance hypothesis."[1] | ||
| 1949 – 1957 | Peter Medawar and Frank M. Burnet discover how the immune system rejects or accept organ transplantation, and develop the immunological tolerance hypothesis, which is created as a platform for developing methods of transplanting solid organs.[23] | ||
| 1950 | Howard Gershon and Koichi S. Kondo discover suppressor T cells.[3] | ||
| 1953 | J.F. Riley and G.B. West discover histamine in mast cells. | ||
| 1953 | Graft-versus-host reaction.[4] | ||
| 1953 | The immunological tolerance hypothesis is developed.[4] | ||
| 1953 – 1978 | Michael Heidelberg and Oswald Avery show that polysaccharides of pneumococcus are antigens, enabling to show that antibodies are proteins.[23] | ||
| 1956 | Niels Kaj Jerne, David Talmage and Frank Macfarlane Burnet develop the clonal selection hypothesis, which proposes that before a lumphocyte ever encounters an antigen, the lymphocyte has specific receptors for that antigen on its surface.[23] | ||
| 1956 – 1961 | Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, and George Davis Snell discover genetically-determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions.[26][27][28][23] | ||
| 1957 | British virologist Alick Isaacs and Suiss colleague Jean Lindemann discover interferon.[29][1][30][4] | ||
| 1958 – 1962 | Gerald M. Edelman and Rodney R. Porter discover human leukocyte antigens and antibody structure, thymus involvement in cellular immunity and T and B cell cooperation in immune response.[23][4] | ||
| 1958 | Jean Dausset discovers human leukocyte antigens. | ||
| 1959 | Rodney Porter discovers the antibody structure.[4] | ||
| 1959 | British immunologist James Learmonth Gowans discovers lymphocyte circulation.[4] | ||
| 1959 | Danish immunologist Niels Kaj Jerne, American immunologist David Talmage, and Australian virologist Frank Macfarlane Burnet develop clonal selection theory."[1] | ||
| 1962 | "Rodney Porter and team discovery the structure of antibodies."[1] | ||
| 1962 | Team led by Australian scientist Jacques Miller discovers thymus involvement in cellular immunity.[1][4] | ||
| 1962 | Scientific development | Noel Warmer and Alexander Szenberg in Australia, and Max Cooper in the United States, experimenting with chicken, are able to report that the bursa and the thymus are responsible for different immunological functions.[31][32][33][1] | Australia, United States |
| 1964 | Anthony Davis identifies T and B cell cooperation in immune response. | ||
| 1967 | Japanese immunologists Teruko Ishizaka and Kimishige Ishizaka identify immunoglobulin E (IgE), the allergy antibody.[34][35][36][37] | ||
| 1968 | Anthony Davis and team discover T cell and B cell cooperation in immune response.[38][1] | ||
| 1972 | The structure of the antibody molecule is revealed.[4] | ||
| 1974 | Rolf M. Zinkernagel and Peter C. Doherty discover how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells.[1] | ||
| 1975 | Cesar Milstein, Georges J.F. Köhler and Niels K. Jerne develop theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies. This discovery would lead to an enormous expansion in the exploitation of antibodies in science an medicine.[23][4] | ||
| 1976 | Japanese scientist Susumu Tonegawa discovers a genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity.[23][4] | ||
| 1985 | Susumu Tonegawa and Leroy Hood identify immunoglobulin genes.[1] | ||
| 1985 | Leroy Hood identifies genes for the T. cell receptor. | ||
| 1985 | "Scientists begin the rapid identification of genes for immune cells that continues to the present."[1] | ||
| 1987 | " Leroy Hood and team identify genes for the T cell receptor."[1] | ||
| 1990 | American biologist Leroy Hood identifies genes for the T-cell receptor.[39] | ||
| 1990 | Gene therapy for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is developed.[4] | ||
| 1994 | French immunologist Polly Matzinger develops the "danger" model of immunological tolerance.[4] | ||
| 1995 | Japanese immunologist Shimon Sakaguchi discovers regulatory T cells.[4] | Japan | |
| 1996 – 1998 | Toll-like receptors are identified.[4] | ||
| 2000 | United States Food and Drug Administration approves the first anti-IgE drug, rhu-MAb-E25.[40][41] |
Meta information on the timeline
How the timeline was built
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What the timeline is still missing
Timeline update strategy
See also
External links
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 "History of immunology". encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Rejaunier, Jeanne; Freund, Lee. The Complete Idiot's Guide to Food Allergies.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 Sinha, J.K.; Bhattacharya, S. A Text Book of Immunology.
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 patil, C.s. Biotechnology.
- ↑ Taylor, Milton W. Viruses and Man: A History of Interactions.
- ↑ Ben-Menaḥem, Ari. Historical Encyclopedia of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Volume 6.
- ↑ Zaccheo, Aleardo; Palmaccio, Eleonora; Venable, Morgan; Locarnini-Sciaroni, Isabella; Parisi, Salvatore. Food Hygiene and Applied Food Microbiology in an Anthropological Cross Cultural Perspective.
- ↑ McCance,, Kathryn L.; Huether, Sue E. Pathophysiology E-Book: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Kumar, Arvind. Textbook of Immunology.
- ↑ "Alexandre Yersin". britannica.com. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ↑ Mims, Cedric A. The War Within Us: Everyman's Guide to Infection and Immunity.
- ↑ Scientific American, Volume 184.
- ↑ Stevens, Chrstine Dorresteyn; Miller, Linda E. Clinical Immunology and Serology: A Laboratory Perspetive.
- ↑ Kay, Lily E. The Molecular Vision of Life: Caltech, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Rise of the New Biology.
- ↑ Silverstein, Arthur M. A History of Immunology.
- ↑ Kreier, Julius P.; Mortensen, Richard F. Infection, resistance, and immunity.
- ↑ Martinez, A. Julio. "The Role of the Reticuloendothelial System in Infections of the Central Nervous System". link.springer.com. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ↑ Friedman, Herman. The Reticuloendothelial System: A Comprehensive Treatise Volume 5 Cancer.
- ↑ "Daniel Bovet". britannica.com. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
- ↑ Lemke, Thomas L.; Williams, David A. Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry.
- ↑ Dudley, Joel; Berliocchi, Laura. Drug Repositioning: Approaches and Applications for Neurotherapeutics.
- ↑ Schwartzman, David. Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 23.6 23.7 Ben-Menaḥem, Ari. Historical Encyclopedia of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Volume 3.
- ↑ Artzt, Karen. "Mammalian Developmental Genetics in the Twentieth Century". PMC 3512133
. PMID 23212897. doi:10.1534/genetics.112.146191.
- ↑ The Major Histocompatibility System in Man and Animals (D. Götze ed.).
- ↑ Cruse, Julius M.; Lewis, Robert E. Atlas of Immunology, Third Edition.
- ↑ Mehra, Narinder K. The HLA Complex in Biology and Medicine: A Resource Book.
- ↑ Leroy, Francis. A Century of Nobel Prize Recipients: Chemistry, Physics, and Medicine.
- ↑ Erling, Norrby. Nobel Prizes And Nature's Surprises.
- ↑ "Interferon Discoverer Dies". the-scientist.com. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ↑ Szentivanyi, Andor; Friedman, Herman. The Immunologic Revolution: Facts and Witnesses.
- ↑ Desowitz, Robert S. Thorn in the Starfish: The Immune System and How It Works.
- ↑ Hospital Practice, Volume 2, Issues 1-6. HP Publishing Company.
- ↑ Rejaunier, Jeanne; Freund, Lee. The Complete Idiot's Guide to Food Allergies.
- ↑ Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician (Pudupakkam K. Vedanthan, Harold S. Nelson, Shripad N. Agashe, Mahesh P A, Rohit Katial ed.).
- ↑ Johansson, S.G.O. "The discovery of IgE".
- ↑ Jackson, Mark. Allergy: The History of a Modern Malady.
- ↑ "immunology history IV". keratin.com. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ↑ Davis, Daniel M. The Beautiful Cure: Harnessing Your Body’s Natural Defences.
- ↑ "Genentech and Novartis Submit Application for FDA Approval of Anti-IgE Antibody". gene.com. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ↑ "Drug Profile: Xolair". discoverymedicine.com. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
