Difference between revisions of "Timeline of AI policy"

Revision as of 13:33, 9 October 2024

This is a timeline of AI policy and legislation, which attempts to overview the changes in international and local laws around AI and AI safety.

Full timeline

Year	Month and date	Region	Name	Event type	Details
2017	000000002024-06-01-0000June	Canada	Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy	National Policy	Canada releases the world’s first national AI strategy, aiming to have the most robust AI ecosystem in the world by 2030.^[1] The strategy is a collaborative effort, spanning across government, academia, and industry sectors and headed by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR).^[2] Canada’s names the Vector Institute (Canada), Mila (research institute), and Amii (research institute) as national AI institutes and contributors to the nation’s AI progress.^[1] This strategy would go on to enhance Canada’s global standing in AI research and innovation.
2017	000000002024-07-20-0000July 20	China	China Guidelines on AI Development	National Policy	The State Council of the People's Republic of China issues guidelines on developing AI by embedding AI into the socioeconomic landscape and the country’s basic functioning. The council lays out plans to be a world leader in AI by 2030, aiming for the total output of the AI industry to be 1 trillion yuan ($147.8 billion).^[3]
2019	000000002024-01-01-0000January	United States	CSET Formation	National Organization	Open Philanthropy grants the Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University a $55,000 to establish the Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET), a think tank dedicated to the policy analysis of international security and emerging tech.^[4] CSET will combat AI risks by providing high-quality advice to policymakers by assessing global technological developments with a focus on the USA and related policy communities, generating written products for policymakers, and training people for roles in the policy community.^[4] Silicon Valley entrepreneur Dustin Moskovitz, co-founder of Facebook, primarily funds the grant after recognizing a demand for policy analysis.^[5] The CSET would go on to influence AI policy and be named a member of the Biden Administrations AI Safety Consortium in 2024. ^[6]
2019	000000002024-12-17-0000December 17	South Korea	Korea’s National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence	National Policy	South Korea establishes its National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence. It outlines Korea’s vision and strategy for the AI era, aiming to grow from an IT leader to an AI-focused industry.^[7] All of Korea’s ministries jointly develop the Strategy, significant in its focus on providing a direction for the government’s AI policies.^[8] The goals outlined include ranking third in global digital competitiveness by 2030, grossing 455 trillion Korean Won in AI profit, and reaching the top 10 countries for quality of life. ^[9]
2018	000000002024-05-05-0000May 5	European Union	General Data Protection Regulation	International Policy	The European Union effects the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the strongest and most comprehensive attempt yet to regulate personal data. The GDPR outlines a set of rules that aims to strengthen protection for personal data in response to increasing development in the tech world.^[10] Although the GDPR is focused on privacy, it states that individuals have the right to a human review of results from automated decision-making systems.^[11] The fine for violating the GDPR is high and extends to any organization that offers services to EU citizens.^[10]
2018	000000002024-06-28-0000June 28	United States	California Consumer Privacy Act	Regional Policy	The California Consumer Privacy Act is signed into law, heightening consumer control over personal information. The law would go into effect January 1, 2020 and grants consumers the right to know about, opt out of the sharing of, and delete personal information^[12]. The Act would influence personal data usage by giving consumers the right to opt out of automated decision-making systems and by compelling businesses to inform customers on how and for what purpose they use personal information^[13]. These regulations would require businesses to disclose if and how they use personal information for AI training.
2019	000000002024-02-11-0000February 11	United States	Executive Order 13859	National Policy	President Trump signs Executive Order 13859 to maintain American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence. The Order directs federal agencies to prioritize AI research and develop and prompt American leadership in the AI space.^[14] The Order does not provide details on how it plans to put the new policies in effect, and does not allocate any federal funding towards executing its vision.^[15]
2019	000000002024-03-29-0000March 29	Japan	Social Principles of Human-Centered AI	National Policy	The Japanese government releases the Social Principles of Human-Centered AI, a set of guidelines for implementing AI in society with the philosophies of human dignity, diversity and inclusion, and sustainability which the government will continuously revise.^[16] The Social Principles are a broader ethical framework of Japan's vision for AI in society. Japan provides nonbinding guidelines on AI and imposes transparency obligations on some large digital platforms.^[17] Japan aims to achieve social goals through the use of AI rather than restriction. The structure of the principles corresponds to the OECD AI Principles, which also outline AI’s potential alongside its risks.^[18].
2019	000000002024-04-10-0000April 10	United States	Algorithmic Accountability Act	National Policy	The Algorithmic Accountability Act bill is introduced into the house. Commercial entities must “conduct assessments of high-risk systems that involve personal information or make automated decisions, such as systems that use artificial intelligence or machine learning.”^[19] The Bill aims to minimize bias, discrimination, and inaccuracy in automated decision systems by compelling companies to assess their impacts. The Act does not establish binding regulations but asks the Federal Trade Commission to establish rules for evaluating highly sensitive automated systems.^[20] The legislation would be introduced into the senate in 2022^[21] but would still not be law through 2024.
2019	000000002024-05-29-0000May 29	International	OECD AI Principles	International Policy	The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) issues AI principles to shape policies, create an AI risk framework, and to foster global communication and understanding across jurisdictions. The European Union, Council of Europe, United Nations, and the United States would use these principles in their AI legislation.^[22] The principles aim to be values-based and include the following categories: sustainable development, human rights, transparency and explainability, security, and accountability.^[23] The principles would be updated again in May 2024 in consideration of new technology and policy developments.^[22]
2019	000000002024-11-07-0000November 7	Australia	Australia’s Artificial Intelligence Ethics Framework	National Policy	The Australian Government releases an artificial intelligence ethics framework to ensure safe, secure, and reliable AI. The framework includes eight voluntary, nonbinding principles to complement existing AI practices: human well-being, human-centered values, fairness, privacy protection, reliability, transparency and explainability, contestability, and accountability.^[24] The principles are on par with those set forth by OECD and the World Economic Forum, and set to be trialed by National Australia Bank, Commonwealth Bank, Telstra, Microsoft, and Flamigo AI.^[25]
2020	000000002024-06-01-0000June	International	Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence	International Organization	The Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI) is established to share multidisciplinary research, identify key issues in AI, and facilitate international collaboration.^[26] The OECD hosts the GPAI secretariat and the partnership is based on the shared commitment of G7 countries to the OECD AI Principles.^[26] The Alliance is a multi-stakeholder initiative to foster international cooperation over AI and includes the working groups Responsible AI, Data Governance, Future of Work, and Innovation and Commercialization.^[26] The United States, wary to join any international AI panel due to overregulation concerns, joined the partnership to counter China’s increasing international AI presence.^[27]
2020	000000002024-10-10-0000October 10	Europe	Artificial Intelligence Act	International Policy	European Union leaders meet to discuss the digital transition. They invite the European Commission, the executive branch of the EU, to increase private and public tech investment, ensure elevated coordination between European research centers, and construct a clear definition of Artificial Intelligence^[28].
2021	000000002024-04-21-0000April 21	Europe	Artificial Intelligence Act	International Policy	The European Commission proposes the Artificial Intelligence Act. The Commission releases a proposal for AI regulation aiming to improve trust in AI and foster its development^[28].
2021	000000002024-09-22-0000September 22	United Kingdom	UK National AI Strategy	National Policy	The UK government releases its National AI Strategy - a 10-year plan that outlines how to invest in and plan for long-term AI ecosystem needs, support the transition to an AI-enabled economy, and ensure the UK succeeds in AI governance.^[29] This strategy comes a few months after the EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act. The Alan Turing Institute, established in 2015, is the national research center for AI and one of the organizations that will help implement the AI strategy.^[30]
2021	000000002024-09-30-0000September 30	Brazil	Brazilian Strategy for Artificial Intelligence	National Policy	The Brazilian Government approves the Brazilian Strategy for Artificial Intelligence, a document to guide research, innovation, and development of ethical AI solutions.^[31] The strategy is based on the OECD AI Principles, aiming to develop ethical AI principles, guide AI use, remove barriers to innovation, improve cross-sector collaboration, develop AI skills, promote AI investment, and advance Brazilian technology overseas.^[32] The strategy faced criticism for its lack of specifics on regulation.^[33]
2022	000000002024-01-28-0000January 28	Japan	AI Governance Guidelines	National Policy	Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) releases Governance Guidelines for Implementation of AI Principles Ver. 1.1 ^[34] The principles include guidelines on AI such as conditions and risk analysis, goal setting, implementation, and evaluation.^[34] They consider the social acceptance of AI system development and operation, company AI proficiency, and suggest reducing incident related harms on users by emphasizing prevention and early response.^[34] These guidelines are practical and action-oriented, following Japan’s Social Principles on AI from 2019 which focus on ethics. In January 2021, METI released Ver. 1.0 of the guidelines, outlining AI trends overseas and locally. The current guidelines are the result of METI receiving public comment and holding meetings discussing Japan’s AI governance and how to operationalize the Social Principles.^[35] Japan maintains the ethos that with a rapidly changing AI landscape, regulation can hamper innovation. METI concludes that the government should respect companies’ voluntary efforts for AI governance by providing nonbinding guidance.^[36]
2022	000000002024-05-01-0000May	International	Quad AI	International Organization	The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, known as the Quad, releases the report “Assessing AI-related Collaboration between the United States, Australia, India, and Japan” as an effort to cooperate on critical and emerging technology and as an alternative to China’s techno-authoritarian development model (including surveillance and censorship).^[37] The document aims to ensure that tech innovation is aligned with the Quad members’ shared democratic values and respect for human rights.^[37] The Quad began as a loose partnership between the United States, Australia, India, and Japan after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami to provide humanitarian aid to the affected region. It fell dormant after Australian concerns about irritation to China.^[38] The Quad was resurrected in 2017 and held its first formal summit in 2021. ^[39]
2023	000000002024-06-15-0000June 15	International	AI Governance Alliance (AIGA) Established	International Organization	The World Economic Forum launches the AI Governance Alliance (AIGA) to guide responsible development and deployment of AI systems.^[40] The Alliance prioritizes safe systems and technology, promoting sustainable applications and transformation, and contributing to resilient governance and regulation.^[41] Its members would be from industry, government, and civil society worldwide.
2023	000000002024-07-12-0000July 12	United States	Whitehouse Meets with AI Companies	National Policy	President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris host leading AI companies Amazon (company), Anthropic, Google, Inflection AI, Meta Platforms, Microsoft, and OpenAI at the Whitehouse and secure their voluntary commitments to prioritize safe, secure, and transparent AI development.^[42] The companies promise to ensure product safety before public introduction, build secure systems, and earn public trust. Congress has yet to pass contemporary AI bills, so this voluntary, nonbinding agreement is the primary guidance around AI concerns.^[43]
2023	000000002024-09-19-0000September 19	United States	Anthropic’s Responsible Scaling Policy	Company Policy	Anthropic publishes its Responsible Scaling Policy (RSP) - a series of technical and organizational protocols to guide risk management and development of increasingly powerful AI systems.^[44] The RSP delineates AI Safety Levels 1-4, loosely based on the US Governments biosafety levels, to address catastrophic risks.^[44] Anthropic aims in part to create competition in the AI safety space by publishing the policy.^[44] The Institute for AI Policy and Strategy offers critiques of Anthropic’s RSP. The institute states the risk thresholds should be based on absolute risk rather than relative risk, the risk level thresholds should be lower than Anthropic defines them, and Anthropic should outline when it will alert authorities of identified risks and commit to outside scrutiny and evaluations. ^[45]
2023	000000002024-10-30-0000October 30	United States	Executive Order 14110	National Policy	Biden signs Executive Order 14110 titled Executive Order on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence. The Order establishes new standards for AI safety and security. It compels developers to share test results with the US government and create tools to ensure AI system safety, protects Americans from AI fraud and deception, sets up a cybersecurity program to develop AI tools and fix vulnerabilities, and orders the development of a national security memorandum that directs future AI security measures^[46]. The Order also directs the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to develop standards for evaluation and red-teaming and to provide testing environments for AI systems. The general reaction to the bill is cautious optimism^[47]. As Less Wrong blogger Zvi Mowshowitz reports, some worry that this is the first step in a slippery slope of heightened regulation that could dampen innovation and development^[48]. A complete timeline and outlook of the Executive Order can be found here.^[49]
2023	000000002024-11-01-0000November 1 – 2	International Conference	AI Safety Summit	International Policy	The first AI Safety Summit is held at Bletchley Park, Milton Keynes in the United Kingdom. It leads to an agreement known as the Bletchley Declaration by the 28 countries participating in the summit, including the United States, United Kingdom, China, and the European Union.^[50] It receives some commentary on LessWrong, viewing it as a partial step in the right direction,^[51] including a lengthy blog post by Zvi Mowshowitz, a frequent commentator on AI developments from an AI safety lens.^[52]
2023	000000002024-11-01-0000November 1	United States	US AI Safety Institute	Organization	United States Vice President Kamala Harris announces the U.S. AI Safety Institute (USAISI) at the AI Safety Summit in the United Kingdom. The launch of USAISI builds on Biden's executive order of two days ago (October 30).^[53]
2023	000000002024-11-02-0000November 2	United Kingdom	UK AI Safety Institute	Organization	The United Kingdom government announces the launch of the UK AI Safety Institute. The UK AI Safety Institute is to be formed from the Frontier AI Taskforce, which in turn had previously been called the Foundation Model Taskforce. Ian Hogarth serves as its chair.^[54]
2023	000000002024-12-09-0000December 9	Europe	Artificial Intelligence Act	International Policy	The European Council and European Parliment reach a provisional agreement on the Artificial Intelligence Act. The Act should go into effect in 2026.^[28]
2023	000000002024-12-18-0000December 18	United States	OpenAI Publishes Preparedness Framework	Company Policy	OpenAI releases its “Preparedness Framework,” a living document positing that a “robust approach to AI catastrophic risk safety requires proactive, science-based determinations of when and how it is safe to proceed with development and deployment.”^[55] The elements of the framework include tracking catastrophic risk with evaluations, seeking out unknown-unknowns, establishing safety baselines, tasking preparedness teams with on-the-ground-work, and creating a cross-functional advisory board.^[56] This document is released a few months after Anthropic’s RSP. Safer AI comments on OpenAI’s improvements to Anthropic’s safety document, including calling for more safety tests, allowing the board to veto CEO decisions, adding risk identification and analysis, and forecasting risks.^[56] Elements included in the RSP that were not in the Preparedness Framework are a commitment to publicizing results of evaluation, incident reporting mechanisms, and detailed commitments for infosecurity and cybersecurity.^[56]
2024	000000002024-01-17-0000January 17	International	AIGA Releases AI Guidelines	International Policy	At the 2024 annual World Economic Forum in Davos, the AIGA, in collaboration with IBM Consulting and Accenture, releases three reports on AI regulation and governance.^[57] “Presidio AI Framework: Towards Safe Generative AI Models,” “Unlocking Value from Generative AI: Guidance for Responsible Transformation,” and “Generative AI Governance: Shaping Our Collective Global Future,” aim to address the digital divide and to apply and mobilize AI resources in sectors like healthcare and education.^[58]
2024	000000002024-02-08-0000February 8	United States	Artificial Intelligence Act	Organization	U.S. Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo announces "the creation of the U.S. AI Safety Institute Consortium (AISIC), which will unite AI creators and users, academics, government and industry researchers, and civil society organizations in support of the development and deployment of safe and trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI)." AISIC is to be housed under the U.S. AI Safety Institute, and includes over 200 member organizations.^[59] The member organizations were recruited through a notice published the Federal Register asking interested organizations to submit a letter of interest over a period of 75 days (between November 2, 2023, and January 15, 2024).^[60]^[61]
2024	000000002024-03-07-0000March 7 (anticipation), 000000002024-04-16-0000April 16 (official announcement)	United States	US AI Safety Institute	Organization	U.S. Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo announces additional members of the executive leadership of the U.S. AI Safety Institute (AISI); one of these is Paul Christiano as head of AI safety.^[62] A month prior, when there was anticipation of this appointment VentureBeat had reported dissatisfaction with the idea of appointing Christiano, from "employees who fear that Christiano’s association with EA and longtermism could compromise the institute’s objectivity and integrity."^[63]^[64]
2024	000000002024-05-21-0000May 21	Europe	Artificial Intelligence Act	International Policy	The European Council approves the Artificial Intelligence Act.^[28] This Act is the first of its kind and operates within a risk-based approach - the higher the risk to society, the stricter the rules.

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[CIFAR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "Canada is a global AI leader|". cifar.ca. 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2024.

[Pan-Canadian_AI_Strategy-2] "Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy|". dig.watch. June 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2024.

[China_Issues-3] "China issues guideline on artificial intelligence development|". english.gov.cn. 20 July 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2024.

[Open_Philanthropy_Grant_for_CSET-4] 4.0 ^4.1 "Georgetown University — Center for Security and Emerging |". openphilanthropy.org. January 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2024.

[5] Anderson, Nick (28 February 2019). "Georgetown launches think tank on security and emerging technology". washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 8 March 2019.

[CSET_News_Release-6] "CSET Named Member of Biden Administration's AI Safety Institute Consortium|". cset.georgetown.edu. 8 February 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2024.

[OECD:_Korea_National_AI_Strategy-7] "NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR AI|". oecd.ai. 5 July 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.

[8] Kyul, Han (13 January 2020). "Korean Government Announces the "National AI Strategy," Jointly Developed by All Ministries". kimchang.com. Retrieved 20 September 2024.

[Korean_National_Strategy_for_AI-9] "National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence|". msit.go.kr. 17 December 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.

[What_is_GDPR-10] 10.0 ^10.1 "What is GDPR|". GDPR.EU. Retrieved 28 August 2024.

[HRW-11] "The EU General Data Protection Regulation|". HRW.org. 6 June 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2024.

[Office_of_the_Attorney_General-12] "California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)|". oag.ca.gov. Retrieved 30 August 2024.

[13] Ocampo, Danielle (June 2024). "CCPA and the EU AI ACT". calawyers.org. Retrieved 30 August 2024.

[Federal_Register-14] "Maintaining American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence|". Federalregister.gov. Retrieved 30 August 2024.

[15] Metz, Cade (11 February 2019). "Trump Signs Executive Order Promoting Artificial Intelligence". nytimes.com. Retrieved 30 August 2024.

[Social_Principles_of_Human-Centric_AI-16] "Human Centric AI|" (PDF). cas.co. 29 March 2019. Retrieved 15 September 2024.

[17] Habuka, Hiroki (14 February 2023). "Japan's Approach to AI Regulation and Its Impact on the 2023 G7 Presidency". CSIS.org. Retrieved 15 September 2024.

[18] Habuka, Hiroki (14 February 2023). "Japan's Approach to AI Regulation and Its Impact on the 2023 G7 Presidency". CSIS.org. Retrieved 15 September 2024.

[H.R.2231-19] "116th Congress|". Congress.gov. Retrieved 30 August 2024.

[20] Robertson, Adi (10 April 2019). "A new bill would force companies to check their algorithms for bias". theverge.com. Retrieved 30 August 2024.

[S.3572-21] "117th Congress|". Congress.gov. Retrieved 30 August 2024.

[OECD_AI_Principles_overview-22] 22.0 ^22.1 "OECD AI Principles overview|". oecd.ai. Retrieved 11 September 2024.

[OECD_AI_Principles-23] "AI Principles|". oecd.org. Retrieved 11 September 2024.

[Australia_Government_on_AI_Ethics-24] "Australia's AI Ethics Principles|". industry.gov.au. 7 November 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2024.

[25] Tonkin, Casey (7 November 2019). "AI ethics framework being put to the test". ia.acs.org.au. Retrieved 18 September 2024.

[GPAI-26] 26.0 ^26.1 ^26.2 "About GPAI|". gpai.ai. June 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2024.

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@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 |-
 | 2017 || {{dts|July 20}} || China || China Guidelines on AI Development || National Policy || The {{w|State Council of the People's Republic of China}} issues guidelines on developing AI by embedding AI into the socioeconomic landscape and the country’s basic functioning. The council lays out plans to be a world leader in AI by 2030, aiming for the total output of the AI industry to be 1 trillion yuan ($147.8 billion).<ref name="China Issues ">{{cite web |title=China issues guideline on artificial intelligence development{{!}} |url=https://english.www.gov.cn/policies/latest_releases/2017/07/20/content_281475742458322.htm|website=english.gov.cn |access-date=6 September 2024 |language=en |date=20 July 2017}}</ref>
+|-
+| 2019 || {{dts|January}} || United States || CSET Formation || National Organization || {{w|Open Philanthropy}} grants the {{w| Walsh School of Foreign Service}} at {{w|Georgetown University}} a $55,000 to establish the {{w|Center for Security and Emerging Technology}} (CSET), a think tank dedicated to the policy analysis of international security and emerging tech.<ref name="Open Philanthropy Grant for CSET">{{cite web |title=Georgetown University — Center for Security and Emerging {{!}} |url=https://www.openphilanthropy.org/grants/georgetown-university-center-for-security-and-emerging-technology/|website=openphilanthropy.org |access-date=27 September 2024 |language=en |date=January 2019}}</ref> CSET will combat AI risks by providing high-quality advice to policymakers by assessing global technological developments with a focus on the USA and related policy communities, generating written products for policymakers, and training people for roles in the policy community.<ref name="Open Philanthropy Grant for CSET">{{cite web |title=Georgetown University — Center for Security and Emerging {{!}} |url=https://www.openphilanthropy.org/grants/georgetown-university-center-for-security-and-emerging-technology/|website=openphilanthropy.org |access-date=27 September 2024 |language=en |date=January 2019}}</ref> Silicon Valley entrepreneur {{w|Dustin Moskovitz}}, co-founder of {{w|Facebook}}, primarily funds the grant after recognizing a demand for policy analysis.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Nick |title=Georgetown launches think tank on security and emerging technology|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/georgetown-launches-think-tank-on-security-and-emerging-technology/2019/02/27/d6dabc62-391f-11e9-a2cd-307b06d0257b_story.html|website=washingtonpost.com |access-date=8 March 2019 |language=en |date=28 February 2019}}</ref> The CSET would go on to influence AI policy and be named a member of the Biden Administrations AI Safety Consortium in 2024. <ref name="CSET News Release">{{cite web |title=CSET Named Member of Biden Administration’s AI Safety Institute Consortium{{!}} |url=https://cset.georgetown.edu/article/cset-named-member-of-biden-administrations-ai-safety-institute-consortium/|website=cset.georgetown.edu |access-date=27 September 2024 |language=en |date=8 February 2024}}</ref>
+|-
+| 2019 || {{dts|December 17}} || South Korea || Korea’s National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence || National Policy ||  South Korea establishes its National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence. It outlines Korea’s vision and strategy for the AI era, aiming to grow from an IT leader to an AI-focused industry.<ref name="OECD: Korea National AI Strategy">{{cite web |title=NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR AI{{!}}|url=https://oecd.ai/en/dashboards/policy-initiatives/http:%2F%2Faipo.oecd.org%2F2021-data-policyInitiatives-26497|website=oecd.ai |access-date=20 September 2024 |language=en |date=5 July 2024}}</ref> All of Korea’s ministries jointly develop the Strategy, significant in its focus on providing a direction for the government’s AI policies.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kyul |first1=Han |title=Korean Government Announces the “National AI Strategy,” Jointly Developed by All Ministries|url=https://www.kimchang.com/en/insights/detail.kc?sch_section=4&idx=20865 |website=kimchang.com |access-date=20 September 2024 |language=en |date=13 January 2020}}</ref> The goals outlined include ranking third in global digital competitiveness by 2030, grossing 455 trillion Korean Won in AI profit, and reaching the top 10 countries for quality of life. <ref name="Korean National Strategy for AI">{{cite web |title=National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence{{!}} |url=https://doc.msit.go.kr/SynapDocViewServer/viewer/doc.html?key=343cb1a8f42c452e8a18ec9f89fbfca0&convType=img&convLocale=ko_KR&contextPath=/SynapDocViewServer|website=msit.go.kr |access-date=20 September 2024 |language=en |date=17 December 2024}}</ref>
 |-
 | 2018 || {{dts|May 5}} || European Union || {{w|General Data Protection Regulation}} || International Policy || The European Union effects the {{w|General Data Protection Regulation}} (GDPR), the strongest and most comprehensive attempt yet to regulate personal data. The GDPR outlines a set of rules that aims to strengthen protection for personal data in response to increasing development in the tech world.<ref name="What is GDPR">{{cite web |title=What is GDPR{{!}} |url=https://gdpr.eu/what-is-gdpr/ |website=GDPR.EU |access-date=28 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Although the GDPR is focused on privacy, it states that individuals have the right to a human review of results from automated decision-making systems.<ref name="HRW">{{cite web |title=The EU General Data Protection Regulation{{!}} |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/06/06/eu-general-data-protection-regulation?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwuMC2BhA7EiwAmJKRrBN_g5ZGkeki0aGCIe8R3eVgFxEl8jsIzE9NIngd__KZ_P8vpiYV7RoC4qYQAvD_BwE |website=HRW.org |date=6 June 2018|access-date=28 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref> The fine for violating the GDPR is high and extends to any organization that offers services to EU citizens.<ref name="What is GDPR">{{cite web |title=What is GDPR{{!}} |url=https://gdpr.eu/what-is-gdpr/ |website=GDPR.EU |access-date=28 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
@@ Line 35: / Line 39: @@
 |-
 | 2022 || {{dts|January 28}} || Japan || AI Governance Guidelines || National Policy ||  Japan’s {{w|Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry}} (METI) releases Governance Guidelines for Implementation of AI Principles Ver. 1.1 <ref name="OneTrust DataGuidance">{{cite web |title=Japan: METI releases updated version of Governance Guidelines on AI Principles{{!}} |url=https://www.dataguidance.com/news/japan-meti-releases-updated-version-governance|website=dataguidance.com |access-date=25 September 2024 |language=en |date=31 January 2023}}</ref> The principles include guidelines on AI such as conditions and risk analysis, goal setting, implementation, and evaluation.<ref name="OneTrust DataGuidance">{{cite web |title=Japan: METI releases updated version of Governance Guidelines on AI Principles{{!}} |url=https://www.dataguidance.com/news/japan-meti-releases-updated-version-governance|website=dataguidance.com |access-date=25 September 2024 |language=en |date=31 January 2023}}</ref> They consider the social acceptance of AI system development and operation, company AI proficiency, and suggest reducing incident related harms on users by emphasizing prevention and early response.<ref name="OneTrust DataGuidance">{{cite web |title=Japan: METI releases updated version of Governance Guidelines on AI Principles{{!}} |url=https://www.dataguidance.com/news/japan-meti-releases-updated-version-governance|website=dataguidance.com |access-date=25 September 2024 |language=en |date=31 January 2023}}</ref> These guidelines are practical and action-oriented, following Japan’s Social Principles on AI from 2019 which focus on ethics. In January 2021, METI released Ver. 1.0 of the guidelines, outlining AI trends overseas and locally. The current guidelines are the result of METI receiving public comment and holding meetings discussing Japan’s AI governance and how to operationalize the Social Principles.<ref name="METI">{{cite web |title=Call for Public Comments on "AI Governance Guidelines for Implementation of AI Principles Ver. 1.0" Opens{{!}} |url=https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2021/0709_004.html|website=meti.go.jp |access-date=25 September 2024 |language=en |date=9 July 2021}}</ref> Japan maintains the ethos that with a rapidly changing AI landscape, regulation can hamper innovation. METI concludes that the government should respect companies’ voluntary efforts for AI governance by providing nonbinding guidance.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Habuka |first1=Hiroki |title=Japan’s Approach to AI Regulation and Its Impact on the 2023 G7 Presidency|url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/japans-approach-ai-regulation-and-its-impact-2023-g7-presidency |website=CSIS.org |access-date=25 September 2024 |language=en |date=14 February 2023}}</ref>
+|-
+| 2022 || {{dts|May}} || International || Quad AI || International Organization ||  The {{w|Quadrilateral Security Dialogue}}, known as the Quad, releases the report “Assessing AI-related Collaboration between the United States, Australia, India, and Japan” as an effort to cooperate on critical and emerging technology and as an alternative to China’s techno-authoritarian development model (including surveillance and censorship).<ref name="Quad AI">{{cite web |title=Assessing AI-related Collaboration between the United States, Australia, India, and Japan{{!}} |url=https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/quad-ai/|website=cset.georgetown.edu |access-date=9 October 2024 |language=en |date=May 2022}}</ref> The document aims to ensure that tech innovation is aligned with the Quad members’ shared democratic values and respect for human rights.<ref name="Quad AI">{{cite web |title=Assessing AI-related Collaboration between the United States, Australia, India, and Japan{{!}} |url=https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/quad-ai/|website=cset.georgetown.edu |access-date=9 October 2024 |language=en |date=May 2022}}</ref> The Quad began as a loose partnership between the United States, Australia, India, and Japan after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami to provide humanitarian aid to the affected region. It fell dormant after Australian concerns about irritation to China.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Madhani |first1=Aamer |last2=Miller |first2=Zeke |title=EXPLAINER: What’s the 4-nation Quad, where did it come from?|url=https://apnews.com/article/nato-shinzo-abe-japan-india-australia-c579b7eb5ea53fb8cc50097de85e6b14 |website=apnews.com |access-date=27 September 2024 |language=en |date=24 May 2022}}</ref> The Quad was resurrected in 2017 and held its first formal summit in 2021. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Madhani |first1=Aamer |last2=Miller |first2=Zeke |title=EXPLAINER: What’s the 4-nation Quad, where did it come from?|url=https://apnews.com/article/nato-shinzo-abe-japan-india-australia-c579b7eb5ea53fb8cc50097de85e6b14 |website=apnews.com |access-date=27 September 2024 |language=en |date=24 May 2022}}</ref>
 |-
 | 2023 || {{dts|June 15}} || International || AI Governance Alliance (AIGA) Established || International Organization ||  The {{w|World Economic Forum}} launches the AI Governance Alliance (AIGA) to guide responsible development and deployment of AI systems.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tedeneke |first1=Alem |title=World Economic Forum Launches AI Governance Alliance Focused on Responsible Generative AI|url=https://www.weforum.org/press/2023/06/world-economic-forum-launches-ai-governance-alliance-focused-on-responsible-generative-ai/ |website=weforum.org |access-date=20 September 2024 |language=en |date=15 June 2023}}</ref> The Alliance prioritizes safe systems and technology, promoting sustainable applications and transformation, and contributing to resilient governance and regulation.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tedeneke |first1=Alem |title=World Economic Forum Launches AI Governance Alliance Focused on Responsible Generative AI|url=https://www.weforum.org/press/2023/06/world-economic-forum-launches-ai-governance-alliance-focused-on-responsible-generative-ai/ |website=weforum.org |access-date=20 September 2024 |language=en |date=15 June 2023}}</ref> Its members would be from industry, government, and civil society worldwide.

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