Difference between revisions of "Timeline of malaria vaccine"
From Timelines
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! Year/period !! Type of event !! Event !!Location | ! Year/period !! Type of event !! Event !!Location | ||
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| − | | 1942 || Immunology | + | | 1942 || Immunology development || Studies of inactivated sporozoite immunization show apparently beneficial effect of combining induction of cellular and humoral immune responses against malaria of domestic [[wikipedia:fowl|fowl]].<ref name="Vaccines against malaria"/> || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1967 || Immunology | + | | 1967 || Immunology development || Research on [[wikipedia:avian malaria|avian malaria]] shows that killed sporozoites as well as sporozoites inactivated with [[wikipedia:ultraviolet light|ultraviolet light]] can produce a partial immunity after injection into birds.<ref>{{cite web|title=Protective Immunity produced by the Injection of X-irradiated Sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v216/n5111/abs/216160a0.html|website=nature.com|accessdate=18 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="Malaria Vaccine Design: Immunological Considerations">{{cite web|title=Malaria Vaccine Design: Immunological Considerations|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074761310003651|website=sciencedirect.com|accessdate=18 April 2017}}</ref> || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1970 || Immunology | + | | 1970 || Immunology development || Research reveals immune cross protection against malaria in rodent systems.<ref name="Antimalarial Drugs I: Biological Background, Experimental Methods, and Drug Resistance">{{cite book|last1=Peters|first1=Wallace|title=Antimalarial Drugs I: Biological Background, Experimental Methods, and Drug Resistance|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=K2vwCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA104&lpg=PA104&dq=%22cox%22+%221970%22+%22malaria%22&source=bl&ots=_1f01C2m2o&sig=NbV7k4z5Ur9f-eqDrQiU49UKZbw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi9h6bruq_TAhWLfpAKHTzeAawQ6AEIOjAF#v=onepage&q=%22cox%22%20%221970%22%20%22malaria%22&f=false|accessdate=19 April 2017}}</ref> || |
|- | |- | ||
| 1983 || || The first publications for cloning malaria [[wikipedia:antigen|antigen]]s appear.<ref name="Malaria Vaccine Design: Immunological Considerations"/> || | | 1983 || || The first publications for cloning malaria [[wikipedia:antigen|antigen]]s appear.<ref name="Malaria Vaccine Design: Immunological Considerations"/> || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1984 || Program launch || The [[wikipedia:Walter Reed Army Institute of Research|Walter Reed Army Institute of Research]] (WRAIR) and British pharmaceutical company [[wikipedia:GlaxoSmithKline|GlaxoSmithKline]] (GSK) initiate collaboration to produce a malaria vaccine using GSK’s recombinant [[wikipedia:escherichia coli|escherichia coli]] expression systems.<ref name="Fact s heet: T he RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate (Mosquirix TM )"/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ripley Ballou|first1=W.|last2=Cahill|first2=Conor P.|title=Two Decades of Commitment to Malaria Vaccine Development: Glaxosmithkline Biologicals|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1706/|accessdate=19 April 2017}}</ref> || | | 1984 || Program launch || The [[wikipedia:Walter Reed Army Institute of Research|Walter Reed Army Institute of Research]] (WRAIR) and British pharmaceutical company [[wikipedia:GlaxoSmithKline|GlaxoSmithKline]] (GSK) initiate collaboration to produce a malaria vaccine using GSK’s recombinant [[wikipedia:escherichia coli|escherichia coli]] expression systems.<ref name="Fact s heet: T he RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate (Mosquirix TM )"/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ripley Ballou|first1=W.|last2=Cahill|first2=Conor P.|title=Two Decades of Commitment to Malaria Vaccine Development: Glaxosmithkline Biologicals|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1706/|accessdate=19 April 2017}}</ref> || | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 1985 || Immunology development || Researchers find that immunization with processed fragments of called Merozoite surface protein-1 MSP-1 (one of the most studied of all malaria proteins) induce protective immune responses.<ref name="Malaria vaccines 1985–2005: a full circle?">{{cite web|title=Malaria vaccines 1985–2005: a full circle?|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/pathophys/id/2005/Larussa-TargettMalariaVacs.pdf|website=columbia.edu|accessdate=22 April 2017}}</ref> || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1987 || Vaccine development || Researchers working at [[wikipedia:GlaxoSmithKline|GlaxoSmithKline]]’s (GSK) laboratories, develop malaria vaccine candidate [[wikipedia:RTS,S|RTS,S]] (Mosquirix TM).<ref name="Fact s heet: T he RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate (Mosquirix TM )"/> It is the first vaccine created by combining the malaria CS protein and [[wikipedia:hepatitis B|hepatitis B]] surface antigen.<ref name="Fact s heet: T he RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate (Mosquirix TM )"/> || [[wikipedia:United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] | | 1987 || Vaccine development || Researchers working at [[wikipedia:GlaxoSmithKline|GlaxoSmithKline]]’s (GSK) laboratories, develop malaria vaccine candidate [[wikipedia:RTS,S|RTS,S]] (Mosquirix TM).<ref name="Fact s heet: T he RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate (Mosquirix TM )"/> It is the first vaccine created by combining the malaria CS protein and [[wikipedia:hepatitis B|hepatitis B]] surface antigen.<ref name="Fact s heet: T he RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate (Mosquirix TM )"/> || [[wikipedia:United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] | ||
Revision as of 14:14, 22 April 2017
This is a timeline of malaria vaccine, attempting to describe its development. "Malaria is the most important parasitic disease of humans and efforts to develop effective vaccines span more than six decades"[1]
Big picture
| Year/period | Key developments | |
|---|---|---|
| 1960s | "Modern malaria vaccine development stems from immunization studies of mice with irradiated sporozoites, conducted in the 1960s [10], and subsequent analyses of the mechanisms of immunity in this model [11]."[1] |
Full timeline
| Year/period | Type of event | Event | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1942 | Immunology development | Studies of inactivated sporozoite immunization show apparently beneficial effect of combining induction of cellular and humoral immune responses against malaria of domestic fowl.[1] | |
| 1967 | Immunology development | Research on avian malaria shows that killed sporozoites as well as sporozoites inactivated with ultraviolet light can produce a partial immunity after injection into birds.[2][3] | |
| 1970 | Immunology development | Research reveals immune cross protection against malaria in rodent systems.[4] | |
| 1983 | The first publications for cloning malaria antigens appear.[3] | ||
| 1984 | Program launch | The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) and British pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) initiate collaboration to produce a malaria vaccine using GSK’s recombinant escherichia coli expression systems.[5][6] | |
| 1985 | Immunology development | Researchers find that immunization with processed fragments of called Merozoite surface protein-1 MSP-1 (one of the most studied of all malaria proteins) induce protective immune responses.[7] | |
| 1987 | Vaccine development | Researchers working at GlaxoSmithKline’s (GSK) laboratories, develop malaria vaccine candidate RTS,S (Mosquirix TM).[5] It is the first vaccine created by combining the malaria CS protein and hepatitis B surface antigen.[5] | United Kingdom |
| 1995 | Vaccine development (trial) | First RTS,S clinical tests in humans are conducted in adults in the United States.[5] | United States |
| 1997 | Vaccine development (trial) | RTS,S vaccine Key proof-of-concept (PoC) study shows 100% protection in 6 of 7 volunteers in challenge trial.[5] | |
| 1998 | Vaccine development (trial) | First RTS,S trials in Africa are conducted in Gambia.[5] | Gambia |
| 1999 | Program launch | The PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI) is established, with aims at accelerating the development of malaria vaccines and catalyzing timely access in endemic countries. [8][9] | |
| 2001 | Organization | The GSK/MVI partnership (GlaxoSmithKline and PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI)) initiates, with grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to PATH, with aims at developing RTS,S vaccine for infants and young children living in malaria-endemic regions in Sub-Saharan Africa."[5] | |
| 2004 | "Koy PoC study in children in the Mozambique"[5] | ||
| 2006 | Program launch | The Malaria Vaccine Technology Roadmap launches.[10][11] | |
| 2007 | Phase II results in African children and infants are published in the LANCET and NEJM"[5] | ||
| 2009-2014 | Vaccine development (trial) | RTS,S vaccine phase III study is launched in Kisumu, Kenya, in July, under the auspices of the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/CDC Research and Public Health Collaboration.[5][12] The trial would end in 2014, involving 15,459 infants and young children at 11 sites in seven African countries, being the largest malaria vaccine trial in Africa to date.[8][13] | Burkina Faso, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania |
| 2011 | Vaccine development (trial) | RTS,S vaccine Phase III trials results, released in October, show that in children aged 5-17 months, vaccination with RTS,S reduce the risk of clinical malaria and severe malaria by 56% and 47%, respectively. However, further results released show the vaccine less effective in infants aged 6-12 weeks at first vaccination.[14] | Africa |
| 2013 | The Malaria Vaccine Technology Roadmap (launched in 2006) is updated in November. The update represents a blueprint for second generation malaria vaccine development, including a new Vision, two new Strategic Goals and 13 priority activities.[10] | ||
| 2014 | Vaccine development (trial) | Initial phase- III result at 18 months of RTS,S trial introduction shows the vaccine efficacy of 46% in children and 27% among young infants against the clinical malaria.[15] | |
| 2015 (July) | Policy | The Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) announces having adopted a positive scientific opinion, for GSK’s malaria candidate vaccine RTS,S (Mosquirix TM), in children aged 6 weeks to 17 months.[5][16] | |
| 2016 | Policy | Following the opinion of the CHMP, The World Health organization recommends that the pilot implementations use the 4-dose schedule of the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine in 3–5 distinct epidemiological settings in sub-Saharan Africa, at subnational level, covering moderate-to-high transmission settings, with three doses administered to children between 5 and 9 months of age, followed by a fourth dose 15–18 months later.[8][16] | |
| 2016 | Vaccine development (trial) | The World Health organization announces that the RTS,S vaccine would be rolled out in pilot projects in 3 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The pilot programme, would assess the extent to which the vaccine’s protective effect shown in advanced clinical trials (Phase III) can be replicated in real-life settings. The program would evaluate the feasibility of delivering the required 4 doses of the vaccine; the impact of the vaccine on lives saved; and the safety of the vaccine in the context of routine use.[16] |
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Vaccines against malaria". royalsocietypublishing.org. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
- ↑ "Protective Immunity produced by the Injection of X-irradiated Sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei". nature.com. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Malaria Vaccine Design: Immunological Considerations". sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
- ↑ Peters, Wallace. Antimalarial Drugs I: Biological Background, Experimental Methods, and Drug Resistance. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 "Fact s heet: T he RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate (Mosquirix TM )" (PDF). Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ↑ Ripley Ballou, W.; Cahill, Conor P. "Two Decades of Commitment to Malaria Vaccine Development: Glaxosmithkline Biologicals". Retrieved 19 April 2017.
- ↑ "Malaria vaccines 1985–2005: a full circle?" (PDF). columbia.edu. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Fact sheet: R TS,S malaria vaccine candidate (Mosquirix™)" (PDF). malariavaccine.org. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ↑ "Malaria Vaccine Initiative". inyvax.eu. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals". who.int. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ↑ "Malaria vaccine technology roadmap". doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62238-2. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
- ↑ "Malaria Vaccine". cdc.gov. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ↑ "Advances and challenges in malaria vaccine development". PMC 2994342
. doi:10.1172/JCI44423. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ↑ "Malaria and Malaria Vaccine Candidates". historyofvaccines.org. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ↑ "Malaria Vaccine Development: Recent Advances alongside the Barriers". omicsonline.org. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 "Questions and answers on RTS,S/ASO1 malaria vaccine". who.int. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
