Difference between revisions of "Timeline of pediatrics"
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! Year !! Event type !! Details !! Location | ! Year !! Event type !! Details !! Location | ||
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| − | | 1552 BC || Field development || The Ebers Papyrus | + | | 1552 BC || Field development || The {{w|Ebers Papyrus}} discusses, among other topics, {{w|breastfeeding}}, a cure for worms, and treatment of eye diseases.<ref name="The history of pediatrics at Baylor University Medical Center">{{cite journal |last1=Luecke |first1=Percy E. |title=The history of pediatrics at Baylor University Medical Center |pmid=16200089 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200641/ |accessdate=31 August 2018 |pmc=1200641}}</ref> || {{w|Egypt}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | c.400 BC || Field development || Greek physician Hippocrates writes about {{w|cephalhematoma}}, {{w|hydrocephalus}}, {{w|clubfoot}}, worms, {{w|diarrhea}}, {{w|scrofula}}, {{w|asthma}}, and {{w|mumps}}.<ref name="The history of pediatrics at Baylor University Medical Center"/> || | + | | c.400 BC || Field development || Greek physician {{w|Hippocrates}} writes about {{w|cephalhematoma}}, {{w|hydrocephalus}}, {{w|clubfoot}}, worms, {{w|diarrhea}}, {{w|scrofula}}, {{w|asthma}}, and {{w|mumps}}.<ref name="The history of pediatrics at Baylor University Medical Center"/> || |
|- | |- | ||
| c.100 AD || Field development || Greek physician {{w|Soranus of Ephesus}} describes the fingernail test for breast milk quality (If the droplet clings to the nail, it contains sufficient fat. If not, it is watery).<ref name="The history of pediatrics at Baylor University Medical Center"/> || | | c.100 AD || Field development || Greek physician {{w|Soranus of Ephesus}} describes the fingernail test for breast milk quality (If the droplet clings to the nail, it contains sufficient fat. If not, it is watery).<ref name="The history of pediatrics at Baylor University Medical Center"/> || | ||
Revision as of 20:10, 30 September 2018
This is a timeline of pediatrics, describing significant events in the development of the field.
Contents
Big picture
| Time period | Development summary |
|---|---|
| Ancient history | Typical diseases of the child start being described early. Greek physician Hippocrates writes about cephalhematoma, hydrocephalus, clubfoot, worms, diarrhea, scrofula, asthma, and mumps.[1] Soranus of Ephesus describes the fingernail test for breast milk quality, and Galen writes about ear discharge, pneumonia, and intestinal prolapse and describes a disorder that corresponds to rickets.[1] Avicenna discusses tetanus, worms, convulsions, meningitis, and umbilical abscess.[1] |
| 17th – 18th centuries | English physicians Thomas Sydenham and Edward Jenner stand out among the increasing number of authors who wrote about diseases in children during the 17th and 18th centuries. Thomas Sydenham writes on scarlet fever, measles, smallpox, epilepsy, rickets, teething fever, scorbutus (scurvy), and Sydenham's chorea. Edward Jenner achieves one of the greatest medical benefits of all time: the prevention of disease by immunization.[1] |
| 19th century | Clinical studies of childhood diseases proliferate throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, culminating in one of the first modern textbooks of pediatrics, published by Frédéric Rilliet and Ernest Barthez in France in 1838–43.[2] |
| 20th century | Early in the century the first well-child clinics are established to monitor and study the normal growth and development of children. By the mid-century, the use of antibiotics and vaccines manage to eliminate most serious infectious diseases of childhood in the developed world, and infant and child mortality fall to the lowest levels ever. In the last half of the century, pediatrics again expand to incorporate the study of behavioral and social as well as specifically medical aspects of child health.[2] In the 1970s, an increasing number of collaborative arrangements for both training and research between pediatricians and psychologists is noted.[3] |
| 21st century | Pediatrics is today a dynamic discipline, with outstanding achievements in the field of child health in recent years.[4] |
Full timeline
| Year | Event type | Details | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1552 BC | Field development | The Ebers Papyrus discusses, among other topics, breastfeeding, a cure for worms, and treatment of eye diseases.[1] | Egypt |
| c.400 BC | Field development | Greek physician Hippocrates writes about cephalhematoma, hydrocephalus, clubfoot, worms, diarrhea, scrofula, asthma, and mumps.[1] | |
| c.100 AD | Field development | Greek physician Soranus of Ephesus describes the fingernail test for breast milk quality (If the droplet clings to the nail, it contains sufficient fat. If not, it is watery).[1] | |
| c.200 AD | Field development | Greek physician Galen writes about ear discharge, pneumonia, and intestinal prolapse and describes a disorder that corresponds to rickets.[1] | |
| 990 AD | Scientific development | Persian polymath Avicenna discusses tetanus, worms, convulsions, meningitis, and umbilical abscess.[1] | |
| 1583 | Literature | Hieronymus writes the first important printed book about children, entitled De Morbus Pusiorum.[1] | |
| 1802 | Organization (hospital) | L'Hôpital des Enfants Malades opens in Paris, on the site of a previous orphanage. It is considered the first generally accepted pediatric hospital in the Western World.[5] | France |
| 1813 – 1852 | Field development | American physician Eli Ives gives lectures to medical students at Yale University about diseases in children and other medical topics.[6] | United States |
| 1825 | Literature | Two early textbooks in pediatrics are published, Treatise on the Physical and Medical Treatment of Children by Dr. William Potts Dewees and Practical Observations on Diseases of Children by Dr. George Logan.[6] | United States |
| 1830 | Field development | The Charité hospital in Berlin establishes a separate Paediatric Pavillion.[5] | Germany |
| 1841 | Literature | French physician Ernest Barthez publishes Treatise on the Pneumonia of Children.[7] | France |
| 1843 | Literature | Ernest Barthez publishes Traite clinique et pratique des maladies des enfants.[8] | France |
| 1852 | Organization (hospital) | The Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, opens in London as the first paediatric hospital is the English-speaking world.[5] | United Kingdom |
| 1855 | Organization (hospital) | The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia is founded as the first pediatric hospital in the United States.[5] | United States |
| 1869 | Organization (hospital) | Boston Children's Hospital is founded.[5] | United States |
| 1886 | German agricultural chemist Franz von Soxhlet proposes pasteurization be applied to milk and other beverages.[9][10][11][6] | Germany | |
| 1888 | Organization | The American Pediatric Society is established.[6] | United States |
| 1911 | Journal | The American Journal of Diseases in Children is released.[6] | United States |
| 1930 | Organization | The American Academy of Pediatrics is formed.[12][13][14][6] | United States |
| 1932 | Journal | The Journal of Pediatrics is started for the American Academy of Pediatrics.[15] | United States |
| 1933 | Organization | The American Board of Pediatrics, a certifying board of the American Board of Medical Specialties, is founded.[6] | United States |
| 1940 | Organization | The American Osteopathic Board of Pediatrics is established.[16] | United States |
| 1941 | Literature | American surgeons William E. Ladd and Robert Edward Gross publish Abdominal Surgery of Infancy and Childhood, the first modern pediatric surgery textbook.[6] | United States |
| 1941 | Field development | Australian ophthalmologist Norman Gregg correctly identifies the link between congenital cataracts in infants and maternal rubella early in pregnancy.[17][18][6][19] | Australia |
| 1943 | Field development | Helen Taussig and Alfred Blalock develop a palliative surgical treatment for babies with Tetralogy of Fallot.[6] | |
| 1945 | Literature | John Caffey publishes his landmark textbook Pediatric X-Ray Diagnosis.[20] | |
| 1946 | Literature | American pediatrician Benjamin Spock publishes the first edition of Baby and Child Care.[6] | |
| 1948 | Literature | The journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics is first published.[6] | United States |
| 1951 | Field development | The American Board of Pediatrics issues a statement concerning the importance of training in child growth and development for pediatricians.[3] | United States |
| 1952 | Field development | American obstetrical anesthesiologist Virginia Apgar develops the Apgar Score, which is used to test a baby's response to resuscitation right after they are born.[6][21][22][23] | United States |
| 1953 | Organization | The Boston Association for Childbirth Education is founded.[24] | United States |
| 1956 | Organization | La Leche League International is founded. It organizes advocacy, educational, and training related to breastfeeding.[25] | |
| 1958 | Organization | The Society for Pediatric Radiology is founded to study problems peculiar to the practice of pediatric radiology and to aid in the education of members and others interested in those problems.[20][26] | United States |
| 1960 | Organization | The Academic Pediatric Association is founded.[27] | United States |
| 1963 | Field development | American microbiologist Robert Guthrie develops the Guthrie test to screen newborns for phenylketonuria (PKU).[6][28][29] | United States |
| 1963 | Organization | The Indian Academy of Pediatrics is founded in Mumbay.[30] | India |
| 1963 | Organization | The European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) is established.[20] | |
| 1964 | Organization | The Australian Breastfeeding Association is founded in Melbourne, with the aim of helping and supporting mothers to breastfeed.[31] | Australia |
| 1965 | Literature | American developmental psychologist Jerome Kagan publishes The New Marriage: Pediatrics and Psychology, a highly influencial statement concerning the necessity for pediatric concern with developmental issues.[3] | United States |
| 1970 | Field development | American aviator Forrest Bird invents the Baby Bird, the first mass-produced, low-cost, pediatric ventilator, after having invented some of the first portable mechanical ventilators in the 1950s and 60s.[6] | United States |
| 1970 | Organization | The American Pediatric Surgical Association is founded.[32] | United States |
| 1980 | Literature | The Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics is first issued.[33] | |
| 1982 | Organization | The Society of Behavioral Pediatrics is established.[33] | |
| 1986 | Organization | Murdoch Children's Research Institute is founded in Australia. It is the largest child health research institute in Australia and one of the top five worldwide.[34] | Australia |
| 1991 | Program | The World Health Organization and UNICEF launch the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), as a global effort to implement practices that protect, promote and support breastfeeding.[35] | |
| 1991 | Organization | The World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action is established as a network of people working on a global scale to eliminate obstacles to breastfeeding.[36] | |
| 1992 | Organization | The Bangladesh Institute of Child and Mother Health is established as a research and health care institute.[37] | Bangladesh |
| 2002 | Organization | The American College of Pediatricians is formed.[38] | United States |
| 2003 | Program | The Pan American Health Organization sets a goal of eradicating rubella from the Western Hemisphere.[17] | |
| 2006 | Organization | Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group is formed. It supports over 1000 children with cancer each year in Britain and Ireland.[39] | United Kingdom |
| 2006 | Organization | The International Breast Milk Project is founded. It is a non-profit organization that solicits donations of human milk and provides the milk to needy infants.[40][41] | |
| 2009 | Drug | Cerarix is approved as a vaccine against HPV, and joins Gardasil (another HPV vaccine) on the vaccine schedule to protect kids from an ever growing list of vaccine-preventable diseases, including chickenpox (Varivax), pneumococcal disease (Prevnar 13), rotavirus (Rotateq and Rotarix), meningococcal disease (Menactra), and hepatitis A, for which vaccines have been approved since the hepatitis B vaccine was added to the immunization schedule in 1994.[6] |
Meta information on the timeline
How the timeline was built
The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.
Funding information for this timeline is available.
Feedback and comments
Feedback for the timeline can be provided at the following places:
- FIXME
What the timeline is still missing
Timeline update strategy
See also
External links
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Luecke, Percy E. "The history of pediatrics at Baylor University Medical Center". PMC 1200641
. PMID 16200089. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Pediatrics". britannica.com. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Theory and Research in Behavioral Pediatrics, Volume 2 (Hiram E. Fitzgerald, Barry M Lester, Michael W. Yogman ed.).
- ↑ {{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=M |title=Pediatrics in 21st Century and Beyond. |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27510612}
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 "History of Pediatrics". pediatrics.com. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
- ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 "Milestones in the History of Pediatrics". verywellhealth.com. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
- ↑ "The Online Books Page". onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
- ↑ Rilliet, Frédéric; Barthez, Ernest. Traité clinique et pratique des maladies des enfants, Volume 1.
- ↑ The Oxford Companion to Cheese.
- ↑ Nollet, Leo M.L.; Toldra, Fidel. Handbook of Dairy Foods Analysis.
- ↑ Do, Choon H.; Pavlath, Attila E. Chemistry: Our Past, Present, and Future.
- ↑ Mullner, Ross M. Encyclopedia of Health Services Research: Ed. by Ross M. Mullner.
- ↑ Oski's Pediatrics: Principles & Practice (Julia A. McMillan, Ralph D. Feigin, Catherine DeAngelis, M. Douglas Jones ed.).
- ↑ "AAP Facts". aap.org. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
- ↑ Cole, Jim; Stankus, Tony. Journals of the Century.
- ↑ "American Osteopathic Board of Pediatrics". tripmondo.com. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 DUDGEON, J. A. "Maternal Rubella and Its Effect on the Foetus" (PDF). adc.bmj.com. Retrieved 1 September 2018.
- ↑ Lambert, Scott R. "Congenital rubella syndrome: the end is in sight". PMC 2095420. PMID 17947261. doi:10.1136/bjo.2007.117960.
- ↑ Forrest, Jill M; Turnbull, Fiona M; Sholler, Gary F; Hawker, Richard E; Martin, Frank J; Burgess, Margaret A; Doran, Trevor T. "Gregg's congenital rubella patients 60 years later".
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Carachi, Robert; Buyukunal, Cenk; Young, Daniel G. A History Of Surgical Paediatrics.
- ↑ "The Virginia Apgar Papers". profiles.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
- ↑ "Dr. Virginia Apgar". cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
- ↑ "Virginia Apgar". britannica.com. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
- ↑ "Visible Woman, 1959, and Boston Association for Childbirth Education newsletter, 1968". schlesinger75radcliffe.org. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ↑ "History of La Leche League". ergobaby.com. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
- ↑ Practical Pediatric Imaging: Diagnostic Radiology of Infants and Children (Donald R. Kirks, Nathan Thorne Griscom ed.).
- ↑ "Academic Pediatrics". sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
- ↑ "Phenylketonuria and the Guthrie Test". pediatrics.aappublications.org. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
- ↑ "Guthrie test". embryology.med.unsw.edu.au. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
- ↑ "Indian Academy Of Pediatrics". linkedin.com. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
- ↑ "Australian Breastfeeding Association". breastfeeding.asn.au. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
- ↑ Clatworthy, HW. "Robert E. Gross.". PMID 3095885.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 Carey, William B. Developmental-behavioral Pediatrics.
- ↑ "Murdoch Children's Research Institute". mcri.edu.au. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
- ↑ "Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative". who.int. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
- ↑ "World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action". waba.org.my. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
- ↑ "Institute of Child and Mother Health (ICMH)". bd-directory.com. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
- ↑ "American College of Pediatricians". acpeds.org. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
- ↑ "Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group". microsites.realbuzz.com. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
- ↑ "Putting Breast Milk to Good Use". content.time.com. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
- ↑ "Breast Milk Shipped to Africa to Help Feed Orphan Children". abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
