Timeline of immunology
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This is a timeline of immunology.
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| Time period | Development summary |
|---|
Full timeline
| Year | Event type | Details | Country/region |
|---|---|---|---|
| 430 BC | "Nevertheless, there were intimations as early as 430 B.C. that if one survived a disease, the person thereafter became "immune" to any subsequent exposures."[1] | ||
| 1700 | "Although most historical accounts credit Edward Jenner for the development of the first immunization process, a previous similar procedure had become established in China by 1700. The technique was called variolation. This was derived from the name of the infective agent—the variola virus."[1] | China | |
| 1798 | English physician Edward Jenner pioneers smallpox vaccination.[1][2][3][4] | ||
| 1840 | German physician Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle proposes a germ theory of disease. | ||
| 1862 | German biologist Ernst Haeckel recognizes phagocytosis.[3][4] | Germany | |
| 1874 | Moritz Traube and Richard Gscheidlen inject micro-organisms into the blood and find that micro-organisms are rapidly destroyed and bloodstream maintain its sterility.[3] | ||
| 1877 | German Jewish physician Paul Ehrlich first describes mast cells.[5][1][3][4] | ||
| 1878 | Louis Pasteur confirms and popularizes the germ theory of disease. | ||
| 1883 | Russian zoologist Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov theorizes that cells are involved in the defense of the body. Metchnikoff introduces the concept of cell-mediated or cellular immunity.[1][2][6][4] | ||
| 1884 | W. Grohmann notes that cell-free serum is capable of killing microorganism in vitro.[3] | ||
| 1888 | French bacteriologists Pierre Paul Émile Roux and Alexandre Yersin discover bacterial toxin, by isolating a toxin secreted by corynebacterium diphtheriae and showing that the toxin—and not the microorganism—gives rise to the symptoms of diphteria.[7][3][4] | France | |
| 1888 | American-British bacteriologist George Nuttall inoculates defibrinated blood with bacteria and shows that outside the body, serum retains its bactericidal activity.[3][4] | ||
| 1889 | Hans Buchner first identifies a principle in fresh blood that he terms as "alexin" and is capable of killing bacteria.[3] | ||
| 1889 | German bacteriologist Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer conducts a series of experiments that allow the understanding of bactericidal action of serum.[3] | Germany | |
| 1891 | Robert Koch discovers delayed type hypersensitivity.[1][2][4] | ||
| 1894 | Richard Pfeiffer discovers the phenomenon of bacteriolysis.[4] | ||
| 1900 | Paul Ehrlich theorizes about some of the events taking place in immune cells, postulating that cells interact with toxins via "side chains" that stem from protoplasm.[3][4] | ||
| 1900 | Austrian biologist Karl Landsteiner discovers ABO blood group system.[3] | ||
| 1902 | Charles Richet coins the term anaphylaxis to describe the most dangerous allergic reaction.[2][3][4] | ||
| 1903 | ""Almoth Wright and Stewart Douglas, opsonization reactions""[4] | ||
| 1906 | Clemens von Pirquet coins the term allergy.[1][2][3][4] | ||
| 1907 | Svante Arrhenius coins the term immunochemistry.[2][3] | ||
| 1910 | Henry Dale identifies histamine, a body chemical responsible for many allergic reactions. | ||
| 1910 | Peyton Rous develops his viral immunology theory.[4] | ||
| 1916 | Robert Cook and Albert Vander Veer demonstrate the role of heredity in allergy sufferers. | ||
| 1917 | "Karl Landsteiner, haptens" [3][4] | ||
| 1921 | Carl Prausnitz and Heinz Küstner discover that components in the blood can reproduce food allergy reactions.[2][3] | ||
| 1924 | Ludwig Aschoff adopts the term reticuloendothelial system (RES).[3][8][9][4] | ||
| 1926 | Lloyd D. Felton isolates pure antibody preparation.[3] | ||
| 1930 | Elvin Kabat for the first time reports that gamma globulin, also called immunoglobulin, of serum acts as an active component and is mainly responsible for immunological activity after infection.[3][6] | ||
| 1930 | Friedrich Breinl and Felix Haurowitz propose the instructional theory, based on the protein folding hypothesis. According to this theory, the specificity of the antibody is determined by the antigen that provides a template to fold the antibody around itself.[6] | ||
| 1934 | John Marrack advances the antigen-antibody binding hypothesis.[3] | ||
| 1936 | Peter Gorer identifies the H-2 antigen in mice.[3] | ||
| 1937 | David Bovet synthesizes the first antihistamine. | ||
| 1938 | John Marrack expounds the antigen-antibody binding hypothesis.[10][1] | ||
| 1940 | Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Weiner identify Rh antigens.[3] | ||
| 1940 | Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov's hypothesis that the main cause of immunity in the immunized animals is active cells rather than the serum components is strengthened by the experimental proof given by Merrill Chase.[6] | ||
| 1941 | Albert Coons develops immunofluorescence technique. | ||
| 1942 | "Jules Freund and Katherine McDermott research adjuvants."[1] | ||
| 1944 | Peter Medawar develops the immunological hypothesis of allograft rejection.[1] | ||
| 1948 | Astrid Fagraeus demonstrates the production of antibodies in plasma B cells.[1] | ||
| 1948 | George Snell develops congenic strains of mice.[11][1][12] | ||
| 1949 | " Macfarlane Burnet & Frank Fenner formulate immunological tolerance hypothesis."[1] | ||
| 1949 – 1957 | Peter Medawar and Frank M. Burnet discover how the immune system rejects or accept organ transplantation, and develop the immunological tolerance hypothesis, which is created as a platform for developing methods of transplanting solid organs.[10] | ||
| 1950 | Howard Gershon and Koichi S. Kondo discover suppressor T cells.[3] | ||
| 1953 | J.F. Riley and G.B. West discover histamine in mast cells. | ||
| 1953 | Graft-versus-host reaction.[4] | ||
| 1953 | The immunological tolerance hypothesis is developed.[4] | ||
| 1953 – 1978 | Michael Heidelberg and Oswald Avery show that polysaccharides of pneumococcus are antigens, enabling to show that antibodies are proteins.[10] | ||
| 1956 | Niels Kaj Jerne, David Talmage and Frank Macfarlane Burnet develop the clonal selection hypothesis, which proposes that before a lumphocyte ever encounters an antigen, the lymphocyte has specific receptors for that antigen on its surface.[10] | ||
| 1956 – 1961 | Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, and George Davis Snell discover genetically-determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions.[10] | ||
| 1957 | British virologist Alick Isaacs and Suiss colleague Jean Lindemann discover interferon.[13][1][14][4] | ||
| 1958 – 1962 | Gerald M. Edelman and Rodney R. Porter discover human leukocyte antigens and antibody structure, thymus involvement in cellular immunity and T and B cell cooperation in immune response.[10][4] | ||
| 1958 | Jean Dausset discovers human leukocyte antigens. | ||
| 1959 | Rodney Porter discovers the antibody structure.[4] | ||
| 1959 | James Gowans discovers lymphocyte circulation.[4] | ||
| 1959 | "Niels Jerne, David Talmage, Macfarlane Burnet develop clonal selection theory."[1] | ||
| 1962 | "Rodney Porter and team discovery the structure of antibodies."[1] | ||
| 1962 | Team led by Australian scientist Jacques Miller discovers thymus involvement in cellular immunity.[1][4] | ||
| 1962 | "Noel Warner and team distinguish between cellular and humoral immune responses."[1] | ||
| 1964 | Anthony Davis identifies T and B cell cooperation in immune response. | ||
| 1967 | Teruko and Kimishige Ishizaka identify IgE, the allergy antibody. | ||
| 1968 | " Anthony Davis and team discover T cell and B cell cooperation in immune response."[1] | ||
| 1972 | The structure of the antibody molecule is revealed.[4] | ||
| 1974 | Rolf M. Zinkernagel and Peter C. Doherty discover how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells.[1] | ||
| 1975 | Cesar Milstein, Georges J.F. Köhler and Niels K. Jerne develop theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies. This discovery would lead to an enormous expansion in the exploitation of antibodies in science an medicine.[10][4] | ||
| 1976 | Japanese scientist Susumu Tonegawa discovers a genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity.[10][4] | ||
| 1985 | Susumu Tonegawa and Leroy Hood identify immunoglobulin genes."[1] | ||
| 1985 | Leroy Hood identifies genes for the T. cell receptor. | ||
| 1985 | "Scientists begin the rapid identification of genes for immune cells that continues to the present."[1] | ||
| 1987 | " Leroy Hood and team identify genes for the T cell receptor."[1] | ||
| 1990 | American biologist Leroy Hood identifies genes for the T-cell receptor.[15] | ||
| 2000 | United States Food and Drug Administration approves the first anti-IgE drug, rhu-MAb-E25.[16][17] |
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References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 "History of immunology". encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Rejaunier, Jeanne; Freund, Lee. The Complete Idiot's Guide to Food Allergies.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 Sinha, J.K.; Bhattacharya, S. A Text Book of Immunology.
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 patil, C.s. Biotechnology.
- ↑ McCance,, Kathryn L.; Huether, Sue E. Pathophysiology E-Book: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Kumar, Arvind. Textbook of Immunology.
- ↑ "Alexandre Yersin". britannica.com. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ↑ Martinez, A. Julio. "The Role of the Reticuloendothelial System in Infections of the Central Nervous System". link.springer.com. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ↑ Friedman, Herman. The Reticuloendothelial System: A Comprehensive Treatise Volume 5 Cancer.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 Ben-Menaḥem, Ari. Historical Encyclopedia of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Volume 3.
- ↑ Artzt, Karen. "Mammalian Developmental Genetics in the Twentieth Century". PMC 3512133
. PMID 23212897. doi:10.1534/genetics.112.146191.
- ↑ The Major Histocompatibility System in Man and Animals (D. Götze ed.).
- ↑ Erling, Norrby. Nobel Prizes And Nature's Surprises.
- ↑ "Interferon Discoverer Dies". the-scientist.com. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ↑ Davis, Daniel M. The Beautiful Cure: Harnessing Your Body’s Natural Defences.
- ↑ "Genentech and Novartis Submit Application for FDA Approval of Anti-IgE Antibody". gene.com. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ↑ "Drug Profile: Xolair". discoverymedicine.com. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
