Timeline of malaria vaccine

This is a timeline of malaria vaccine, attempting to describe its development.

Big picture

Year/period	Key developments

Full timeline

Year/period	Type of event	Event	Location
1984		"GSK/WRAIR initiate collaboration"
1987		"RTS,S is first created by combining the malaria CS protein and hepatitis B surface antigen" "The RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate is the most advanced in development globally. It was created in 1987 by scientists working at GlaxoSmithKline’s (GSK) laboratories." ||
1995		"First RTS,S clinical tests in humans begins in adults in US"
1997		"RTS,S" "Key proof-of-concept (PoC) study shows 6 of 7 volunteers in challenge trial are 100% protected."
1998	Trial	"First RTS,S trials in Africa begin in Gambia".
1999		"The PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (PATH/MVI) is a programme established at PATH in 1999. PATH/MVI’s mission is to accelerate the development of malaria vaccines and catalyze timely access in endemic countries." ||
2001		"GSK/MVI partnership initiated" "n January 2001, GSK and PATH’s Malaria Vaccine Initiative (PATH/MVI), with grant monies from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to PATH, entered into a public-private partnership to develop RTS,S for infants and young children living in malaria-endemic regions in sub-Saharan Africa."
2004		"Koy PoC study in children in the Mozambique"
2006		The Malaria Vaccine Technology Roadmap launches.
2007		"Phase II results in African children and infants published in the LANCET and NEJM"
2009	Trial	"RTS,S" "Phase III study start" "GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals' (GSKBio) RTS,S" "A Phase III trial of the world’s most clinically advanced malaria vaccine candidate was launched in Kisumu, Kenya, in July 2009, under the auspices of the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/CDC Research and Public Health Collaboration." "The RTS,S Phase III efficacy and safety trial—the largest malaria vaccine trial in Africa to date—beganin May 2009 and ended in early 2014. The trial involved 15,459 infants and young children at 11 sites in seven African countries(Burkina Faso, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania)."
2011	Trial	"The RTS,S vaccine was tested in Phase III trials in 11 different African countries. These trials have had some successes. The earliest results, released in October 2011, showed that in children aged 5-17 months, vaccination with RTS,S reduced the risk of clinical malaria and severe malaria by 56% and 47%, respectively.[17] However, in results released in November 2012, the vaccine was less effective in infants aged 6-12 weeks at first vaccination."
2013		"Malaria Vaccine Technology Roadmap (launched in 2006) has been updated in November 2013. The updated Roadmap represents a blueprint for second generation malaria vaccine development, including a new Vision, two new Strategic Goals and 13 priority activities"
2015 (July)		"The Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) announced on July 24, 2015,that it has adopted a positive scientific opinion, under Article 58, for GSK’s malaria candidate vaccine Mosquirix TM, also known as RTS,S, in children aged 6 weeks to 17 months."
2016		"The January 2016 WHO position paper that followed the CHMP opinion endorses the recommendations made by the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE)on Immunization and Malaria Policy Advisory Committee (MPAC) in October 2015. According to the position paper, “WHO recommends that the pilot implementations use the 4-dose schedule of the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine in 3–5 distinct epide miological settings in sub-Saharan Africa, at subnational level, covering moderate-to-high transmission settings,”with three doses administered to children between 5 and 9 months of age, followed by a fourth dose 15–18 months later."