Timeline of malaria in 2015

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This is a timeline of malaria in 2015.

Development summary

  • Parasites:
  • Vectors:
  • Drugs, vaccines, treatment, and control methods:
  • Eradication and control progress:
  • Vector control: The population at risk in Sub-Saharan Africa sleeping under an insecticide-treated mosquito net (ITN) or protected by indoor residual spraying (IRS) 57% (up from 37% in 2010).[1]

Key figures

Global cases 214 million (range 149–303 million)[2]
Global deaths 438,000 (range 236,000–635,000)[2]
Deaths among children 306,000 (range 219,000–421,000)[2]
Distribution 88% of cases and 90% of deaths occurred in the WHO African Region. 10% of cases and 7% of deaths occurred in the WHO South-East Asia Region. Nigeria and Democratic Republic of Congo, accounted for more than 35% of global malaria deaths.[2]
Malaria financing US$ 2.9 billion[1]

Full timeline

Month/date Event type Details Country
January 17 "The genetics underpinning resistance to a frontline malaria drug, artemisinin, have been revealed, scientists say."[3] February 5 " a robot scientist named Eve has found compounds that could fight drug-resistant malaria"[4][5][6]
February 15 "Drug-resistant malaria is on the cusp of re-emerging in India, scientists said in a study published Friday, after the strain was detected near the country’s border in Myanmar."[7]
March 18 "How Malaria In The Brain Kills: Doctors Solve A Medical Mystery"[8]
March 19 "Why Malaria Kills Babies, and a Path to Finding New Treatments"[9]
March 25 "Mosquitoes Attracted to Malaria Parasite in People."[10]
April 24 "The results of final clinical trials of the first viable malaria vaccine show it offers partial protection against malaria for up to four years. The vaccine is called RTS,S and has been developed over two decades by GlaxoSmithKline and a non-profit organization funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation."[11][12]
April 24 "In Africa alone, where 80 percent of malaria cases occur, malaria costs an estimated minimum of U.S. $12 billion in lost productivity each year, and in some high-burden countries it can account for as much as 40 percent of public health expenditure."[13]
May 8 "A trial of a malaria vaccine that targets the most dangerous variety of parasite that causes the disease has shown some positive early results."[14] June 17 "Researchers at Dundee University have discovered a new compound which could treat malaria while protecting people from the disease and preventing its spread, all in a single dose."[15][16]
July 14 "goal set – to bring malaria deaths to near zero in the next 15 years"[17]
July 16 "Mosquitoes Can Carry, and Deliver, a Double Dose of Malaria"[18]
June 24 "Malaria likely killed many more people than usual in the west African nation of Guinea during last year's Ebola outbreak, a new study suggests, as tens of thousands with potential signs of the mosquito-spread disease probably shunned health clinics."[19] "Tens of thousands of malaria cases went untreated in Guinea last year as people with symptoms shunned health clinics for fear of being sent into isolation at Ebola treatment centres, according to authoritative research." "The paper says far more people will have died from malaria in 2014 than Ebola, which had killed 2,444 people by 15 June of this year."[20]
July 24 Endorsement European drugs regulators recommend RTS,S (trade name Mosquirix), as safe and effective to use in babies in Africa at risk of the mosquito-borne disease.[21] "The first malaria vaccine is set to be given the green light by regulators on Friday, opening the door for the World Health Organization to recommend its use in developing countries."[22][23]
August 5 "Researchers say an African spider that preys on malaria-carrying mosquitos to get the blood they suck from humans should be used to fight the disease"[24]
October 23 "World Health Organization advisory committee endorses use of the RTS,S vaccine in small-scale demonstrations."[25]
September 11 "Can dams increase the risk of malaria?"[26][27][28]
September 17 "The report published in the journal Nature showed that overall the number of infections fell by 50% across the continent."[29]
September 28 " A new report released by the United Nations and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation presents a vision to eradicate malaria by 2040 that involves new strategies, tools and financing and urges world leaders to expand their commitments to fight a disease that still kills about one child every minute."[30]
October 5 Award Chinese pharmaceutical chemist Tu Youyou is awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria". Youyou discovered artemisinin (also known as qinghaosu) and dihydroartemisinin.[31][32]
October 14 "Scientists might have accidentally made a huge step forward in the search for a cure for cancer — discovering unexpectedly that a malaria protein could be an effective weapon against the disease."[33][34][35][36]
November 23 Scientific development (vector) Research team from the University of California uses CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing method to insert a package of new genes into 680 embryos of Anopheles stephensi with the purpose of altering their DNA in order to block the parasite that carries malaria, and having within a few generations virtually all the insects’ descendants the antimalaria DNA inherited. The researchers would discuss the possibility that lab-engineered insects could be released into the wild to stop malaria.[37] California
November 23 "UK sets up £1bn fund to combat malaria and other infectious diseases."[38][39]
November 23 "University of California scientists create malaria-blocking mosquitoes"[40][41]
December The World Health Organization officially certifies the Republic of Maldives as the first malaria-free country in the South-East Asia WHO Region.[42] Maldives
December 9 Report The World Malaria Report is published. A total of 438,000 deaths due to malaria are reported worldwide during the year, with most occuring in the African Region (90%), followed by the South-East Asia Region (7%) and the Eastern Mediterranean Region (2%).[43][44] "Other key findings":" In 2015, 89% of all malaria cases and 91% of deaths were in sub-Saharan Africa.""Of the 106 countries and territories with malaria transmission in 2000, 102 are projected to reverse the incidence of malaria by the end of 2015.""Between 2000 and 2015, the proportion of children under 5 sleeping under an ITN in sub-Saharan Africa increased from less than 2% to an estimated 68%.""1 in 4 children in sub-Saharan Africa still lives in a household with no ITN and no protection provided by indoor residual spraying."[45]
December 8 "On Monday, scientists from Imperial College London announced in the journal Nature Biotechnology that they had successfully genetically modified Anopheles gambiae, the mosquito that is a major malaria vector, to carry infertile traits. The modification process uses a breakthrough technology called CRISPR, a genome editing tool."[46][47]

See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "WORLD MALARIA REPORT" (PDF). who.int. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "New report signals country progress in the path to malaria elimination". who.int. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  3. ↑ Morelle, Rebecca. "Genetics of malaria drug resistance revealed". bbc.com. Retrieved 14 July 2017. 
  4. ↑ "Robot Scientist Discovers Potential Malaria Drug". scientificamerican.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  5. ↑ "Eve the robot scientist discovers new drug candidate for malaria". engadget.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  6. ↑ "Malaria Treatment And Other Cures May Soon Be Found By Artificially Intelligent Robots". medicaldaily.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  7. ↑ "New Strain of Drug-Resistant Malaria Could Reach India". wsj.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  8. ↑ "How Malaria In The Brain Kills: Doctors Solve A Medical Mystery". npr.org. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  9. ↑ "Why Malaria Kills Babies, and a Path to Finding New Treatments". newsweek.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  10. ↑ Berman, Jessica. "Mosquitoes Attracted to Malaria Parasite in People". voanews.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  11. ↑ "World's First Viable MalariaVaccine Shows Success in Trials". time.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  12. ↑ "Malaria vaccine a breakthrough despite being partially effective, say scientists". theguardian.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  13. ↑ "Africa: Malaria Costs Africa U.S.$12 Billion a Year". allafrica.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  14. ↑ "Malaria 'viral' vaccine shows promising early results". bbc.com. Retrieved 14 July 2017. 
  15. ↑ "New anti-malaria drug developed at Dundee University". bbc.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  16. ↑ "New anti-malarial treatment provides hope in battle against drug resistance". theguardian.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  17. ↑ "Here's how to wipe malaria off the map". theguardian.com. Retrieved 14 July 2017. 
  18. ↑ "Mosquitoes Can Carry, and Deliver, a Double Dose of Malaria". smithsonianmag.com. Retrieved 14 July 2017. 
  19. ↑ "Malaria killed more people than usual in Ebola outbreak in Guinea". telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  20. ↑ "Thousands of Guinea malaria cases go untreated amid Ebola fears". theguardian.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  21. ↑ "World's first malaria vaccine gets regulatory go-ahead, faces WHO review". reuters.com. Retrieved 12 July 2017. 
  22. ↑ "Malaria vaccine: How good is good enough?". bbc.com. Retrieved 14 July 2017. 
  23. ↑ "First malaria vaccine given green light by European regulators". theguardian.com. Retrieved 14 July 2017. 
  24. ↑ "Mosquito-eating vampire spider could be recruited for war on malaria". theguardian.com. Retrieved 14 July 2017. 
  25. ↑ "Malaria vaccine cautiously recommended for use in Africa". nature.com. Retrieved 14 July 2017. 
  26. ↑ "Can dams increase the risk of malaria?". cnn.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  27. ↑ "Malaria cases in Africa are soaring. Here's the surprising reason why.". washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  28. ↑ "One million Africans a year catch malaria from dam mosquitoes". enca.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  29. ↑ "Malaria: '700 million cases' stopped in Africa". bbc.com. Retrieved 14 July 2017. 
  30. ↑ "Report by UN and Gates Foundation presents vision for eradicating malaria by 2040". un.org. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  31. ↑ "Youyou Tu - Facts". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 12 July 2017. 
  32. ↑ "A Chinese pharmacologist who discovered a treatment for malaria in an ancient Chinese remedy gets a Nobel prize". pri.org. Retrieved 12 July 2017. 
  33. ↑ "Cure for cancer might accidentally have been found, and it could be malaria". independent.co.uk. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  34. ↑ "Cancer breakthrough as scientists create MALARIA protein that could 'destroy nine in 10 cancers'". dailymail.co.uk. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  35. ↑ "Malaria protein may hold key for cancer cure, scientists say". foxnews.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  36. ↑ "Malaria vaccine provides hope for a general cure for cancer". ku.dk. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  37. ↑ "Mosquito DNA altered to block malaria, not spread it". statnews.com. Retrieved 12 July 2017. 
  38. ↑ "UK sets up £1bn fund to combat malaria and other infectious diseases". theguardian.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  39. ↑ "George Osborne teams with Bill Gates in bid to eradicate malaria". independent.co.uk. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  40. ↑ "University of California scientists create malaria-blocking mosquitoes". uci.edu. Retrieved 14 July 2017. 
  41. ↑ Roberts, Michelle. "Mutant mosquitoes 'resist malaria'". bbc.com. Retrieved 14 July 2017. 
  42. ↑ "Malaria-free Maldives". who.int. Retrieved 11 July 2017. 
  43. ↑ "World Malaria Report 2015" (PDF). who.int. Retrieved 12 July 2017. 
  44. ↑ "Malaria deaths drop below half a million, Africa makes progress: WHO". reuters.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  45. ↑ "WHO/UNICEF report: Malaria MDG target achieved amid sharp drop in cases and mortality, but 3 billion people remain at risk". who.int. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  46. ↑ "This Could Be the End of Malaria as We Know It". fortune.com. Retrieved 13 July 2017. 
  47. ↑ "Malaria kills a half-million Africans a year. Gene-edited mosquitoes might stop it". statnews.com. Retrieved 14 July 2017. 
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