Timeline of colorectal cancer

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The content on this page is forked from the English Wikipedia page entitled "Timeline of colorectal cancer". The original page still exists at Timeline of colorectal cancer. The original content was released under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License (CC-BY-SA), so this page inherits this license.

This is a timeline of colorectal cancer, describing especially major discoveries and advances in treatment of the disease.

Big picture

Year/period Key developments
Ancient times Different herbs to treat colorectal cancer are proposed more than 6,000 years ago in ancient China. The ancient Greek and Indian civilizations also record preventative care and treatment plans, such as the use of olive oil, for colon health.[1]
1960s The colonoscope is developed thanks in part to advances in fiber optics and engineering.[1] Engineering advances improve the visualization and illumination provided by the laparoscope.[2]
1970s Endoscopic screening, including colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy, are introduced, enabling discovery of colorectal cancers and precancers at their earliest stages when they are most treatable and curable.[3]
1980s Video chip technology is introduced for laparoscopy, providing a major enhance in colorectal cancer surgery.[2]
1990s New gene tests for hereditary conditions are developed, which enable physicians to identify people with these conditions and monitor them more closely for cancer or pre cancerous polyps through regular colonoscopy screenings.[3]
Present time Today, the treatment of colorectal cancer can be aimed at cure or palliation. When colorectal cancer is caught early, surgery can be curative. Globally, colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer making up about 10% of all cases.[4] In 2012, there were 1.4 million new cases and 694,000 deaths from the disease.[4] It is more common in developed countries, where more than 65% of cases are found.[5] It is less common in women than men.[5]

Full timeline

Year/period Type of event Event Location
1896 Development English Sir Jonathan Huchinson first describes the association of mucosal pigmentation and gastrointestinal polyposis.[6]
1913 Development Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer is first described.[7]
1925 Discovery Researchers first describe association between inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.[8]
1925 Discovery American gastroenterologist Burrill Bernard Crohn and Herman Rosenberg report the first case of adenocarcinoma complicating ulcerative colitis.[9]
1932 Scientific development English physician Cuthbert Dukes devices a classification system for colorectal cancer.[1]
1939 Scientific development Bacon and Sealy publish one of the earliest retrospective article focusing colorectal cancer in the young.[10]
1956 Scientific development Whitelaw et al. publishes the first report of vaginal metastasis from colorectal cancer, a case of vaginal lesion from sigmoid adenocarcinoma.[11]
1958 Medical development (treatment) Fluorouracil is introduced for treating colorectal cancer. It is found to show improvements when combining with other drugs like leucovorin, methotrexate and trimetrexate.[12]
1965 Scientific development Researchers discover association of primary sclerosing cholangitis with ulcerative colitis. Many studies since confirm the higher risk of ulcerative colitis–associated colorectal cancer in patients with PSC.[8]
1966 Scientific development Lynch syndrome, also known as hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer, is first categorized.[13]
1966–1969 Medical development Japanese surgeon Hiromi Shinya and William Wolff, working at Beth Israel Medical Center develop colonoscopic techniques using an esophagoscope, which would allow one endoscopist to perform a colonoscopy, rather than the two-person technique, which was previously the standard. They also develop the electrosurgical polypectomy snare for polyp removal. In September 1969, Wolff and Shinya publish their work using diagnostic fiber colonoscopy, thus revolutionizing the diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer.[1] New York City, US
1973 Organization The Johns Hopkins Colorectal Cancer Registry is founded. It is the foundation of hereditary and non-hereditary colorectal cancer research conducted at Johns Hopkins University.[14]
1978 Scientific development It is first reported that cholecystectomy may increase the risk of colorectal cancer.[15]
1982 Medical development (treatment) New procedure called total mesorectal excision emerges as a new standard surgical treatment for rectal cancer. It consist in removing only the cancerous region of the rectum, allowing patients to maintain normal bowel function.[16]
1985 Treatment Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is developed as a surgery performed via a scope inserted into the anus to remove early stage rectal cancers less invasively. TEM is especially important as an option for patients who are too ill or elderly to undergo an open abdominal operation.[3]
1985–1991 Medical development (treatment) Treatment after surgery is found to increase colorectal cancer survival, by means of administration of chemotherapy (adjuvant treatment). Prior to this, about half of patients experienced a recurrence of their cancer after surgery, which often led to death.[3]
1990–1999 Development Genetic tests become available for familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.[3]
1992 Scientific development Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is first described.[17]
1992–2005 Epideiology A publication from the American Cancer Society shows that the overall incidence of colorectal cancer per 100,000 individuals increased in the period among adults from 20 to 49 years by 1.5% per year in men and 1.6% per year in women.[10]
1994 Discovery Study shows that approximately one third of patients with low grade dysplasia progress to high grade dysplasia or colorectal cancer during further examination.[8]
1996 Medical development (treatment) FDA approves Camptosar (irinotecan), for advanced colon cancer.[18] United States
1997 Medical development Surgery is found to cure colon cancer patients with tumors that have spread to the liver alone.[3]
2000 Medical development The American College of Gastroenterology recommends colonoscopy every 10 years as the preferred screening strategy for persons at average risk of acquiring colorectal cancer.[19]
2001–2004 Medical development (treatment) FDA approves Xeloda (capecitabine), the first oral chemotherapy drug, for patients with advanced metastatic colon cancer, and later for patients with stage III colon cancer (cancer with limited spread in the surrounding tissue) who have had surgery to remove the tumor.[3] United States
2002–2004 Treatment FOLFOX regime, which combines eloxatin (oxaliplatin) with fluorouracil and leucovorin, is approved to treat advanced colon cancer that has spread despite other treatments.[3]
2003 Discovery 567 individuals with colon cancer are randomized to receive whether surgery alone or surgery combined with vaccines derived from their own cancer cells. Eventually, the median survival for the cancer vaccine group is over 7 years, compared to the median survival of 4.5 years for the group receiving surgery alone.[20]
2004 Discovery Researchers publish a study suggesting that focused ultrasound combined with radiation could be safe and effective in patients with rectal carcinoma.[21] China
2004 Treatment Avastin (bevacizumab) is approved for treating colorectal cancer.[22]
2004 Treatment Erbitux (cetuximab) is approved for treating colorectal cancer.[22]
2004–2008 The United States National Cancer Institute database from 2004-2008 reveals that the median age at colorectal cancer diagnosis is 70 years; in young people, CRC rates vary from 0.1% before 20 years to 1.1% between 20 and 34 and 3.8% between 35 and 44.[10]
2008 Report The IARK ranks colorectal cancer (CRC) second for cancer prevalence and third for mortality in men and third for frequency and second for mortality in women in developed countries.[23]
2009 Development Several studies report the feasibility of using stool based microRNA as biomarkers for colorectal cancer screening.[24]
2010 Discovery Researchers find a consistent link between higher vitamin D levels in the blood and a lower rate of colorectal cancer.[25]
2012 Treatment FDA approves Stivarga (regorafenib) and Zaltrap (aflibercept) for antiangiogenic therapy. Studies show both drugs extend survival, offering new options for patients with aggressive colorectal cancers.[26] United States
2012 Discovery Researchers find that virtual colonoscopy (a less invasive form of colonoscopy) is as accurate as conventional colonoscopy in finding potentially cancerous polyps.[27]
2014 Development Researchers at Cleveland Clinic create online colorectal cancer risk calculator, designed to help both patients and physicians determine when screening for colorectal cancer is appropriate.[28] Cleveland, Ohio, US
2015 Treatment FDA approves Lonsurf (trifluridine and tipiracil) for patients with an advanced form of colorectal cancer who are no longer responding to other therapies.[29][30] United States

Meta information on the timeline

How the timeline was built

The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.

Funding information for this timeline is available.

What the timeline is still missing

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]

Timeline update strategy

See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "The History of Colorectal Cancer Screening Colonoscopies". Retrieved 7 September 2016. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Role of Laparoscopic Techniques in Colorectal Cancer Surgery". Retrieved 7 September 2016. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 "Cancer progress". Retrieved 10 September 2016. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 World Cancer Report 2014. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 1.1. ISBN 9283204298. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 World Cancer Report 2014. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 5.5. ISBN 9283204298. 
  6. ↑ "Colorectal cancer risk in hamartomatous polyposis syndromes". World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 7: 25. doi:10.4240/WJGS.v7.i3.25. 
  7. ↑ "Recent Developments in Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer". Retrieved 12 September 2016. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Mattar, MC; Lough, D; Pishvaian, MJ; Charabaty, A (2011). "Current Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer". Gastrointest Cancer Res. 4: 53–61. PMC 3109885Freely accessible. PMID 21673876. 
  9. ↑ "Colorectal cancer complicating ulcerative colitis: a reviewColorectal Cancer Complicating Ulcerative Colitis". Retrieved 7 September 2016. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 GUILHERME C. M. DE CAMPOS1 TCBC-SP MARLENY NOVAES FIGUEIREDO1, FÁBIO; FIGUEIREDO, MARLENY NOVAES; MONTEIRO, MARIANE; NAHAS, SERGIO CARLOS; CECCONELLO, IVAN. "Incidence of colorectal cancer in young patients". Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões. 
  11. ↑ Ng, Hwei Jene; Aly, E.H. "Vaginal metastases from colorectal cancer". doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2013.09.004. 
  12. ↑ Bertino, JR. "Chemotherapy of colorectal cancer: history and new themes.". Semin Oncol. 24: S18–3–S18–7. PMID 9420015. 
  13. ↑ "Immunochemistry screening for Lynch syndrome in colorectal adenocarcinoma using an initial two antibody panel can replace a four antibody panel". Retrieved 6 September 2016. 
  14. ↑ "The Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Registry". hopkinscoloncancercenter.org. Retrieved 27 November 2017. 
  15. ↑ EKBOM, ANDERS; YUEN, JONATHAN; ADAMI, HANS-OLOV; McLAUGHLIN, JOSEPH K.; CHOW, WONG-HO; PERSSON, INGEMAR; FRAUMENI, JOSEPH F. "Cholecystectomy and Colorectal Cancer". Retrieved 27 November 2017. 
  16. ↑ "The Role of Total Mesorectal Excision in the Management of Rectal Cancer". Retrieved 11 September 2016. 
  17. ↑ "Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) Incidentally Found After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Case Report". Annals of Colorectal Research. 2. doi:10.17795/acr-24855. 
  18. ↑ "Irinotecan (CPT-11): Recent Developments and Future Directions–Colorectal Cancer and Beyond". The Oncologist. 6: 66–80. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.6-1-66. 
  19. ↑ "Colorectal Cancer Screening for Persons at Average Risk". CancerSpectrum Knowledge Environment. 94: 1126–1133. doi:10.1093/jnci/94.15.1126. 
  20. ↑ "Colorectal Cancer". Retrieved 8 September 2016. 
  21. ↑ "Colorectal Cancer". Retrieved 8 September 2016. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "New Combinations in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: What Are Our Expectations?". The Oncologist. 10: 320–322. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.10-5-320. 
  23. ↑ "Immune cells: plastic players along colorectal cancer progression". Retrieved 8 September 2016. 
  24. ↑ "Colorectal cancer screening: are stool and blood based tests good enough?". Retrieved 8 September 2016. 
  25. ↑ "Healthy Eating: Controlling Colorectal Cancer". Retrieved 8 September 2016. 
  26. ↑ Jitawatanarat, P; Wee, W (2013). "Update on antiangiogenic therapy in colorectal cancer: aflibercept and regorafenib". J Gastrointest Oncol. 4: 231–8. PMC 3635194Freely accessible. PMID 23730520. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2013.008. 
  27. ↑ "Cancer". Retrieved 8 September 2016. 
  28. ↑ "Cleveland Clinic researchers create online colorectal cancer risk calculator". Retrieved 7 September 2016. 
  29. ↑ "Press Announcements - FDA approves new oral medication to treat patients with advanced colorectal cancer". www.fda.gov. Retrieved 2017-03-06. 
  30. ↑ . Raedler, Lisa A. "Lonsurf (Trifluridine plus Tipiracil): A New Oral Treatment Approved for Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer". PMC 5013844Freely accessible. Retrieved 6 March 2017. 
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