Timeline of radiology
From Timelines
Contents
Big picture
| Time period | Development summary |
|---|---|
| 1950s | In the decade comes the development of image intensifier and x-ray television.[1] |
| 1960s | Ultrasound gains popularity.[1] |
| 1970s | The 1970s are known as the "golden decade" of radiology, when the CT scanner opens up new opportunities and discoveries which would be further developed in the following decades.[2] Magnetic resonance imaging develops.[1] |
| 1980s | Position emission tomography (PET) emerges as new technology.[3] Clinical MRI is also introduced in the 1980s.[4] |
| 1990s | A rising interest in the construction of a combined PET-CT scanner emerges.[5] |
| 2000s | PET/CT becomes one of the fastest growing medical imaging modalities, rivaling the growth of MR during the 1980s and 1990s.[6] |
Full timeline
| Year | Event type | Details | Country/region |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1895 | Field development | German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen first discovers the X-ray.[1][7] | |
| 1896 | Field development | French physicist Antoine-Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity.[7] | France |
| 1896 | Literature | Journal Archives of Clinical Skiagraphy launches as the first radiology scientific journal.[7][8] | United Kingdom |
| 1896 | Field development | After learning about Röntgen’s discoveries, American inventor Thomas Edison invents fluoroscopy. Fluoroscopic screens would be then used as an alternation to still x-ray images for some time.[9][7] | United States |
| 1898 | Literature | Marie Curie publishes her paper Rays emitted by uranium and thorium compounds.[7] | France |
| 1900 | Organization | The American Roentgen Ray Society (ARRS) is founded.[3] | United States |
| 1901 | Award | Wilhelm Röntgen is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his contribution to the study of radiation. | |
| 1903 | Field development | Lay x-ray operators start being appointed as assistants.[3] | |
| 1913 | Field development | German surgeon Albert Salomon initiates research leading to mammography.[7] Solomon becomes the first to use x-ray imaging to view the gross anatomy of mastectomy specimens and is the first to demonstrate successful visualization of microcalcifications.[10][11][12] | Germany |
| 1914 – 1918 | Field development | Radiological equipment is used in field hospitals during World War I.[3] | |
| 1915 | Organization | The Western Roentgen Society is founded.[3] | United States |
| 1918 | Field development | George Eastman introduces film, which would replace radiographs made onto glass photographic plates.[1][9] | |
| 1920 | Organization | The Society of Radiographers is formed in the United Kingdom as a trade union and professional body for x-ray and radiation technicians.[1][9] | United Kingdom |
| 1920 | Organization | The American Society of Radiologic Technologists is founded.[13] | United States |
| 1921 | Field development | Diagnostic radiology takes a great leap forward with the introduction of pneumoventriculography and pneumoencephalography.[14] | |
| 1923 | Literature | Monthly, peer reviewed, medical journal Radiology is released by the Radiological Society of North America.[15] | United States |
| 1927 | Field development | Portuguese neurologist António Egas Moniz develops cerebral angiography.[7] | Portugal |
| 1934 | "Frederic and Irene Joliot-Curie artificially produce radioisotopes"[7] | ||
| 1935 | The higher radiological qualification known as the Fellowship is created by The British Association of Radiologists.[3] | United Kingdom | |
| 1935 | Organization | The Society of Radiotherapists of Great Britain and Ireland is established.[3] | United Kingdom |
| 1936 | "John Lawrence uses phosphorus-32 to treat leukaemia"[7] | ||
| 1939 | "Kitty Clark publishes Clark’s Positioning in Radiography"[7] | ||
| 1939 | Organization | The Faculty of Radiologists is formed, amalgamating the British Association of Radiologists and the Society of Radiotherapists of Great Britain and Ireland.[3] | United Kingdom |
| 1950s | "David Kuhl invents Positron Emission Tomography (PET)"[7] | ||
| 1953 | "Sven-Ivar Seldinger develops his famous technique"[7] | ||
| 1958 | Field development | Scottish physician Ian Donald develops the first medically used ultrasound to observe the health and growth of fetuses. Donald also uses the ultrasound to study lumps, cysts, and fibroids. Donald, Together with engineer Tom Brown, develop a portable ultrasound machine to be used on patients.[9][7] | United Kingdom |
| 1961 | James Robertson, working at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, builds the first single-plane positron emission tomography (PET) scan.[9] | United States | |
| 1962 | Field development | American scientist David E. Kuhl introduces emission reconstruction tomography. This method later becomes known as SPECT and PET.[3] | United States |
| 1962 | Organization | The European Association of Radiology was established.[3] | |
| 1964 | "Charles Dotter introduces image-guided intervention"[7] | ||
| 1965 | "Benjamin Felson publishes his Principles of Chest Roentgenology"[7] | ||
| 1967 | Field development | The first clinical use of magnetic resonance imaging takes place in England.[3] | United Kingdom |
| 1971 | Field development | English electrical engineer Godfrey Hounsfield builds the prototype computerized tomography (CT) machine, which utilizes both x-rays and computer software to create cross-sectional images of the body. In the same year, the first successful medical scan using this machine is done on a live patient.[9] | United Kingdom |
| 1972 | Field development | Godfrey Hounsfield introduces the first clinical prototype of CT scanner.[4][7][1][5][16][17] | United Kingdom |
| 1972 | Field development | The EMI parallel beam scanner is introduced.[16] | |
| 1973 | American chemist Paul Lauterbur develops the way to generate the first two-dimensional and three-dimensional magnetic resonance images (MRIs). In the same year, Lauterbur publishes the first nuclear magnetic resonance image.[9][4] | United States | |
| 1975 | Frank T Farmer gives an interesting historical review of the physical basis of radiology and demonstrates diffraction patterns as obtained by Von Laue.[18] | ||
| 1975 | Field development | Michael E. Phelps, Michel Ter-Pogossian, and co-workers at Washington University School of Medicine introduce the modern PET scanner. The design is a ring system surounding the patient.[5] | United States |
| 1975 – 1980 | Field development | "Real-time" ultrasound machines are introduced.[1] | |
| 1977 | English physicist Peter Mansfield of the University of Nottingham describes the general principles of echo-planar imaging.[19] Mansfield develops echo-planar imaging for MRIs by mathematically analyzing the radio signals from magnetic resonance imaging. This development allows for images to be collected much faster than previously possible.[9] | United Kingdom | |
| 1977 | The first human image is obtained through magnetic resonance imaging, in Aberdeen, Scotland.[1] | United Kingdom | |
| 1977 | "Ray Damadian builds the first commercial MRI scanner"[7] | ||
| 1979 | Award | South African physicist Allan McLeod Cormack and Godfrey Hounsfield are awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the development of computer assisted tomography". | |
| c.1980 | Field development | The first commercial PET scanner is introduced.[5] | |
| 1985 | Field development | Argentine physician Julio Palmaz develops the balloon-expandable stent, thus transforming interventional radiology.[9] | United States |
| 1989 | 3D data acquisition becomes available with the introduction of spiral CT by W.A. Kalender.[16] | ||
| 1991 | The first functional MRI (fMRI) of the brain is conducted by Belliveau et al.[17] | ||
| 1998 | Ronald Nutt and David Townsend present the first combined PET-CT prototype scanner. It combines positron emission tomography and computerized tomography in such a way as to make it easier for physicians to locate tumors and other structures on the images. The combination also makes it much easier and less expensive for physicians and hospitals to have access to both forms of technology.[9][5] | United States | |
| 2000 | The PET-CT scanner, attributed to David Townsend and Ronald Nutt, is named by TIME Magazine as the medical invention of the year.[5] | ||
| 2001 | The first commercial PET-CT system, Discovery LS, is released by American multinational GE Healthcare. It consists in a single-slice spiral CT integrated with a PET scanner with BGO detectors.[5] | United States | |
| 2003 | Award | Peter Mansfield shares with Paul Lauterbur the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, , for discoveries concerning Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | |
| 2004 | Field development | The Siemens 64-slice spiral CT is introduced.[16] | |
| 2006 | PET-only scanners are no longer obtainable as major medical centers and clinics opt for PET/CT to replace their PET-only scanners and newly-established diagnostic imaging centers go directly to PET-CT.[6] | ||
| 2008 | Field development | Over 2500 PET-CT scanners are operational worldwide.[6] | |
| 2012 | The International Day of Radiology (IDoR) is introduced. It is celebrated on November 8 each year.[7] |
Meta information on the timeline
How the timeline was built
The initial version of the timeline was written by FIXME.
Funding information for this timeline is available.
Feedback and comments
Feedback for the timeline can be provided at the following places:
- FIXME
What the timeline is still missing
Timeline update strategy
See also
External links
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 "Origins of radiology". bir.org.uk. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ↑ "History of radiology". bir.org.uk. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 "Historical timeline". rcr.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Orrison, William W.; Lewine, Jeffrey; Sanders, John; Hartshorne, Michael F. Functional Brain Imaging.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Functional Imaging in Oncology: Biophysical Basis and Technical Approaches -, Volume 1 (Antonio Luna, Joan C. Vilanova, L. Celso Hygino da Cruz Jr., Santiago E. Rossi ed.).
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Townsend, David W. "Combined PET/CT: the historical perspective". PMID 18795489. doi:10.1053/j.sult.2008.05.006.
- ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 "History of radiology". radiopaedia.org. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
- ↑ "Archives of Clinical Skiagraphy". radiopaedia.org. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 "10-Minute History of Radiology: Overview of Monumental Inventions". bicrad.com. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
- ↑ Bassett, Lawrence W.; Mahoney, Mary C; Apple, Sophia; D'Orsi, Carl. Breast Imaging Expert Radiology Series E-Book.
- ↑ Kaiser, Werner A. Signs in MR-Mammography.
- ↑ Classic Papers in Modern Diagnostic Radiology (Adrian M. K. Thomas, Arpan K. Banerjee, Uwe Busch ed.).
- ↑ "History of the American Society of Radiologic Technologists". asrt.org. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
- ↑ Tandon, Prakash Narain; Ramamurthi, Ravi. Textbook of Neurosurgery, Third Edition, Three Volume Set.
- ↑ "Medical Journals Recommended by Neil Gerardo". mrx.com. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Shreve, Paul; Townsend, David W. Clinical PET-CT in Radiology: Integrated Imaging in Oncology.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Freberg, Laura. Discovering Behavioral Neuroscience: An Introduction to Biological Psychology.
- ↑ "1970s medical physics". bir.org.uk. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
- ↑ Poustchi-Amin, Mehdi; Mirowitz, Scott A.; Brown, Jeffrey J.; McKinstry, Robert C.; Li, Tao. "Principles and Applications of Echo-planar Imaging: A Review for the General Radiologist".
