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| 2003 || || {{w|United States President}} {{w|George W. Bush}} establishes PEPFAR, the {{w|President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief}}, putting USAID's HIV/AIDS programs under the direction of the State Department's new Office of the {{w|Global AIDS Coordinator}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pepfar.gov/agencies/c19390.htm |title=Department of State (DoS) |publisher=Pepfar.gov |date=2006-11-15 |accessdate=2011-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728032409/http://www.pepfar.gov/agencies/c19390.htm |archive-date=2011-07-28 |dead-url=yes }} For the nature of the emergency and the U.S. Government response, see {{cite web |last1=U.S. Government Accountability Office |title=Intellectual Property: U.S. Trade Policy Guidance on WTO Declaration on Access to Medicines May Need Clarification (GAO-07-1198) |url=https://www.gao.gov/assets/270/267756.pdf |accessdate=30 March 2019 |date=September 2007}}</ref> ||
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| 2004 || || USAID helps the Government of Egypt establish the Holding Company for Water and Wastewater (HCWW), a national umbrella organization to standardize and govern local water utility companies, as well as the Egyptian Water Regulatory Authority. USAID also launches a program to strengthen institutional capacity and the policy, legal, and regulatory framework for water distribution and access.<ref>{{cite web |title=Embassy Visit to Rod El Farag Water Treatment Plant Highlights U.S. Support for Clean Water for all Egyptians |url=https://www.africanews.com/2019/03/12/embassy-visit-to-rod-el-farag-water-treatment-plant-highlights-us-support-for-clean-water-for-all-egyptians// |website=africanews.com |accessdate=5 April 2019}}</ref> || {{w|Egypt}}
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| 2008 || Program launch || USAID launches the "Development Leadership Initiative" to reverse the decline in USAID's Foreign Service Officer staffing, which has fallen to a total of about 1,200 worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Survey of USAID's Development Leadership Initiative in Southern and Eastern Africa|url=https://oig.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/audit-reports/4-000-15-001-s.pdf|publisher=USAID Inspector General|accessdate=30 March 2019|page=1}}</ref>
