Timeline of AI policy

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This is a timeline of AI policy and legislation, which attempts to overview the progression of international and local AI and AI safety policies. Various countries have released National AI strategies, guidelines, and regulations. International organizations focused on AI governance, such as the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI) and the AI Governance Alliance (AIGA), have also contributed to a growing body of AI regulation.

Caveats

  • It should be noted that the timeline only includes policies and does not include incidents of policy violations or AI-related human rights abuses (see Timeline of AI ethics violations).
  • The timeline has been updated through August 2024.

Big picture

Overall summary

Year Details
2017 Canada is the first country to release a National AI Strategy. China releases Guidelines on AI development shortly after, and Finland releases a National AI Strategy towards the end of the year.
2018 France, India, and Germany all sequentially release National AI Strategies. The European Union enacts the General Data Protection Regulation and The United States the California Consumer Privacy Act, which strengthen personal privacy in the age of AI.
2019 The Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET) is established in the United States, followed by Executive Order 13859, a vague directive for the US to become a leading AI economy. Japan and Australia release Principles on ethical AI development. The United States introduces the Algorithmic Accountability Act to combat bias and discrimination in automated decision-making systems. The OECD releases AI Principles to shape global AI policies. Singapore, South Korea, and the Netherlands release AI Strategies.
2020 The Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence, hosted by OECD, is established to foster international AI policy collaboration. European Union leaders discuss the Artificial Intelligence Act. Finland and Germany update their National AI Strategies, and Switzerland releases National AI Guidelines.
2021 The EU releases the Artificial Intelligence Act. China releases an AI Ethics Code. The UK and Brazil publish National AI Strategies.
2022 Japan releases AI Governance Guidelines. China releases provisions on algorithmic recommendations. The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue releases a collaborative AI report.
2023 China releases generative AI Measures and Provisions on deepsynthesis technologies. The World Economic Forum launches the AI Governance Alliance (AIGA) to guide responsible AI development. The Whitehouse hosts leading AI companies to discuss a voluntary AI safety agreement. Anthropic releases Responsible Scaling Policy in the United States. The US releases Executive Order 14110 establishing AI safety standards. The first international AI Safety Summit is held in the UK. The US and the UK both establish AI Safety Institutes. Singapore updates its National AI Strategy. The EU reaches a provisional agreement on the Artificial Intelligence Act. Israel releases an AI Ethics Policy. OpenAI publishes their Preparedness Framework.
2024 The AIGA releases AI Guidelines to guide international AI policies. The United States establishes the US AI Safety Institute Consortium to unite AI leaders. The US bolsters the AI Safety Institute leadership. France publishes recommendations on AI policy in line with the General Data Protection Regulation. The EU approves the Artificial Intelligence Act. The African Union endorses a Continental AI Strategy.

Full timeline

Inclusion criteria

Here is a list of criteria on what rows were included:

  • Flagship policies of countries that are ranked in the top 10 of various AI readiness ranking indexes (Government AI Readiness Index,[1]The Global AI Index 2024,[2] Techopedia[3])
  • Representation from each continent to ensure a diverse range of perspectives.
  • Notable international AI agreements and conferences.
  • National policies and regulations on AI development, deployment, and governance.
  • Key milestones in the development of AI technologies, such as the release of new AI frameworks or significant advancements in areas like natural language processing.


Timeline of AI policy

Year Month and date Region Name Event type Details
2017 June Canada Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy National Policy Canada releases the world’s first National AI Strategy, aiming to have the most robust AI ecosystem in the world by 2030.[4] The Strategy is a collaborative effort, spanning across government, academia, and industry sectors and headed by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR).[5] Canada names the Vector Institute (Canada), Mila (research institute), and Amii (research institute) as national AI institutes and contributors to the nation’s AI progress.[4] This strategy would go on to enhance Canada’s global standing in AI research and innovation.
2017 July 20 China Guidelines on AI Development National Policy The State Council of the People's Republic of China issues guidelines on developing AI by embedding AI into the socioeconomic landscape and the country’s basic functioning. The council lays out plans to be a world leader in AI by 2030, aiming for the total output of the AI industry to be 1 trillion yuan ($147.8 billion).[6]
2017 October Finland National AI Strategy National Policy The Finnish Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment releases Finland’s Age of Artificial Intelligence, providing policy recommendations, laying out the current state of AI, and possible ways AI will transform society.[7] The Strategy outlines adopting an open data policy and creating adequate conditions for prosperous AI.[7] The goals are to increase the competitiveness of Finnish AI industry, provide high-quality public services, improve public sector efficiency, and ensure a well-functioning society.[7]
2018 March 29 France National AI Strategy National Policy Emmanuel Macron announces the National French AI Strategy, planning to spend 1.5 billion euros on AI during his term as president.[8] The Strategy states France’s intent to strengthen public research institutes, double the number of students trained in AI, and bolster data protection and confidentiality.[9] The proposed sectors to benefit from AI are health (specifically disease detection and prevention), transportation, environmental policies, and defense.[10] The 5-year plan aims to improve AI education, attract AI talent, establish an open data policy for AI implementation, and create an ethical framework for the transparent and fair use of AI.[11] The regulatory proposal is to create a digital technology and AI ethics committee to lead discussions on AI transparently.[11]
2018 May 5 European Union General Data Protection Regulation International Policy The European Union effects the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the strongest and most comprehensive attempt yet to regulate personal data. The GDPR outlines a set of rules that aims to strengthen protection for personal data in response to increasing technological development.[12] Although the GDPR is focused on privacy, it states that individuals have the right to human review of automated decision-making systems results from .[13] The fine for violating the GDPR is high and extends to any organization that offers services to EU citizens.[12]
2018 June India National AI Strategy National Policy NITI Aayog, India’s public policy thinktank, releases a National AI Strategy (#AIforAll).[14] The Strategy suggests that India harness the power of AI through research, application, training, acceleration of its adoption, and responsible development.[14] The sectors predicted to benefit the most from advancing AI are healthcare, agriculture, education, infrastructure, and mobility.[15] The barriers to actualizing the Strategy’s goals are a lack of AI expertise, a deficiency in data ecosystems, and limited collaboration.[15]
2018 June 28 United States California Consumer Privacy Act Regional Policy The California Consumer Privacy Act is signed into law, heightening consumer control over personal information. The law would go into effect January 1, 2020 and grants consumers the right to know about, opt out of the sharing of, and delete personal information[16]. The Act would influence personal data usage by giving consumers the right to opt out of automated decision-making systems and by compelling businesses to inform customers on how and for what purpose they use personal information.[17] These regulations require businesses to disclose if and how they use personal information for AI training.
2018 November 15 Germany National AI Strategy National Policy Germany releases a National AI Strategy developed by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action, and Federal Mistry of Labour and Social Affairs.[18] The stated goals are to increase Germany’s competitiveness, become an international leading AI entity, ensure responsible development and deployment of AI for human good, and ethically integrate AI.[18] The action items are to strengthen research, streamline result into industry, increase the accessibility of experts, create data infrastructure, encourage EU cooperation, and to foster AI dialogue in society.[19] The government is set to provide 3 billion euros to implement the strategy until 2025.[19]
2019 January United States CSET Formation National Organization Open Philanthropy grants the Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University $55,000 to establish the Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET), a think tank dedicated to the policy analysis of international security and emerging tech.[20] CSET will provide high-quality advice to policymakers to combat AI risks by by assessing global technological developments with a focus on the USA and related policy communities, generating written products for policymakers, and training people for roles in the policy community.[20] Silicon Valley entrepreneur Dustin Moskovitz, co-founder of Facebook, primarily funds the grant after recognizing a demand for policy analysis.[21] CSET would go on to influence AI policy and be named a member of the Biden Administrations AI Safety Consortium in 2024. [22]
2019 February 11 United States Executive Order 13859 National Policy President Trump signs Executive Order 13859 to maintain American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence. The Order directs federal agencies to prioritize AI research and develop and prompt American leadership in the AI space.[23] The Order does not provide details on how it plans to put the new policies in effect, and does not allocate any federal funding towards executing its vision.[24]
2019 March 29 Japan Social Principles of Human-Centered AI National Policy The Japanese government releases the Social Principles of Human-Centered AI, a set of guidelines for implementing AI in society with the philosophies of human dignity, diversity, inclusion, and sustainability which the government will continuously revise.[25] The Social Principles are a broad ethical framework of Japan's vision for AI in society. Japan provides nonbinding guidelines on AI and imposes transparency obligations on some large digital platforms.[26] Japan aims to achieve social goals through the use of AI rather than restriction.
2019 April 10 United States Algorithmic Accountability Act National Policy The Algorithmic Accountability Act is introduced into the House of Representatives. Commercial entities must “conduct assessments of high-risk systems that involve personal information or make automated decisions, such as systems that use artificial intelligence or machine learning.”[27] The Bill aims to minimize bias, discrimination, and inaccuracy in automated decision systems by compelling companies to assess their impacts. The Act does not establish binding regulations but asks the Federal Trade Commission to establish rules for evaluating highly sensitive automated systems.[28] The legislation would be introduced into the senate in 2022[29] but would still not be signed into law through 2024.
2019 May 29 International OECD AI Principles International Policy The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) issues AI principles to shape policies, create an AI risk framework, and to foster global communication and understanding across jurisdictions. The European Union, Council of Europe, United Nations, and the United States would use these principles in their AI legislation.[30] The Principles aim to be values-based and include the following categories: sustainable development, human rights, transparency and explainability, security, and accountability.[31] The principles would be updated again in May 2024 in consideration of new technology and policy developments.[30]
2019 October 8 Netherlands National AI Strategy National Policy The Dutch government releases a strategic action for AI. The Strategy includes a list of initiatives to foster AI economic growth through education, research and innovation, and policy development.[32] The Strategy’s three pillars include capitalizing on social and economic opportunities (e.g., adopting and using AI across sectors), creating the right conditions for AI to thrive, and strengthening ethical foundations.[32] The annual government budget for AI innovation and research is around 45 million euros and the Strategy will be reviewed yearly.[32]
2019 November Singapore National AI Strategy National Policy Singapore releases a National AI Strategy produced by Smart Nation and the Digital Government Office’s National AI Office that aims to complete the digital transformation across multiple sectors of urban life.[33] Singapore hopes to develop into a global AI hub, generate new business models, deliver life-improving services, and equip the workforce to adapt to an AI economy.[34] The strategy asserts five national AI projects in healthcare, municipal solutions, education, customs, and logistics.[35] The strategy also lists five enablers for a thriving AI ecosystem, including multi-stakeholder partnerships across sectors, data architecture, trusted environment, talent and education, and international collaboration.[36] The document also provides private sector organizations with voluntary guidance on key ethical and governance issues, including ensuring AI decisions are explainable, human involvement in AI-augmented decision-making, and stakeholder communication.[37]
2019 November 7 Australia Artificial Intelligence Ethics Framework National Policy The Australian Government releases an artificial intelligence Ethics Framework to ensure safe, secure, and reliable AI. The framework includes eight voluntary, nonbinding principles to complement existing AI practices: human well-being, human-centered values, fairness, privacy protection, reliability, transparency and explainability, contestability, and accountability.[38] The principles are on par with those set forth by OECD and the World Economic Forum, and set to be trialed by National Australia Bank, Commonwealth Bank, Telstra, Microsoft, and Flamigo AI.[39]
2019 December 17 South Korea National AI Strategy National Policy South Korea establishes its National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence. It outlines Korea’s vision and strategy for the AI era, aiming to grow from an IT leader to an AI-focused industry.[40] All of Korea’s ministries jointly develop the Strategy, significant in its focus on providing a direction for the government’s AI policies.[41] The goals outlined include ranking third in global digital competitiveness by 2030, grossing 455 trillion Korean won in AI profit, and reaching the top 10 countries for quality of life.[42]
2020 June International Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence International Organization The Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI) is established to share multidisciplinary research, identify key issues in AI, and facilitate international collaboration.[43] The OECD hosts the GPAI secretariat and the partnership is based on the shared commitment of G7 countries to the OECD AI Principles.[43] The Alliance is a multi-stakeholder initiative to foster international cooperation over AI and includes the working groups Responsible AI, Data Governance, Future of Work, and Innovation and Commercialization.[43] The United States, wary to join any international AI panel due to overregulation concerns, joined the partnership to counter China’s increasing international AI presence.[44]
2020 October 10 European Union Artificial Intelligence Act International Policy European Union leaders meet to discuss the digital transition. They invite the European Commission, the executive branch of the EU, to increase private and public tech investment, ensure elevated coordination between European research centers, and construct a clear definition of Artificial Intelligence.[45]
2020 November Finland National AI Strategy Update National Policy Finland updates its 2017 national strategy as part of the Artificial Intelligence 4.0 program, promoting the digitalization of Finland.[46] The program aims for Finland to be sustainable, clean, and digitally efficient using AI by 2030.[46]
2020 November 25 Switzerland National AI Guidelines National Policy Switzerland releases Guidelines on Artificial Intelligence, intended to act as a general frame of reference on the use of AI in the Federal Administration.[47] The Swiss Federal Council adopts the guidelines, developed by the interdepartmental Working Group on AI under the leadership of the Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER).[48] The Guidelines include prioritizing people, defining regulatory conditions for developing and applying AI, establishing transparency/traceability/explainability, ensuring accountability and safety, shaping AI governance, and involving all relevant stakeholders.[47] The parameters guide government tasks such as developing AI strategies, introducing regulations for sectors affected by AI policy, developing AI systems in the Federal Administration, and helping shape AI regulation.[47] Switzerland’s general approach to AI is informed by the OECD Principles and forming legislation that doesn’t directly regulate AI but instead informs the direction of safe AI development. [49]
2020 December Germany National AI Strategy Update National Policy Germany releases an updated, more detailed National AI Strategy, focusing on integrating the technological developments since the 2018 Strategy. Germany plans to train more AI specialists, establish a robust research structure and AI ecosystem, create a human-centric regulatory framework, and support civil society AI networking for the common good.[50] The AI priorities include favorable working conditions for science and increasing AI expertise.[50] The research priorities are to strengthen national centers, encourage international research cooperation, and incentivize interdisciplinary AI research in healthcare, mobility, environmentalism, and aerospace.[50] The regulatory priorities are to create solid conditions for safe and trustworthy AI applications, adaptively regulate AI in work settings, strengthen information security, and protect the public against AI misuse.[50]
2021 April 21 European Union Artificial Intelligence Act International Policy The European Commission proposes the Artificial Intelligence Act. The Commission releases a proposal for AI regulation aiming to improve trust in AI and foster its development.[45]
2021 September 21 China New Generation Artificial Intelligence Code of Ethics National Policy The Ministry of Science and Technology (China) publishes the New Generation AI Code of Ethics. Its three main AI provisions are the improvement of human well-being, the promotion of fairness and justice, and the protection of privacy and security. The Ministry encourages organizations to build upon the code.[51]
2021 September 22 United Kingdom National AI Strategy National Policy The UK government releases its National AI Strategy - a 10-year plan that outlines how to invest in and plan for long-term AI ecosystem needs, support the transition to an AI-enabled economy, and ensure the UK succeeds in AI governance.[52] This strategy comes a few months after the EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act. The Alan Turing Institute, established in 2015, is the national research center for AI and one of the organizations that will help implement the AI strategy.[53]
2021 September 30 Brazil National AI Strategy National Policy The Brazilian Government approves the Brazilian Strategy for Artificial Intelligence, a document to guide research, innovation, and development of ethical AI solutions.[54] The strategy is based on the OECD AI Principles, aiming to develop ethical AI principles, guide AI use, remove barriers to innovation, improve cross-sector collaboration, develop AI skills, promote AI investment, and advance Brazilian technology overseas.[55] The strategy faced criticism for its lack of specifics on regulation.[56]
2022 January 28 Japan AI Governance Guidelines National Policy Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) releases Governance Guidelines for Implementation of AI Principles Ver. 1.1.[57] The principles include guidelines on AI such as conditions and risk analysis, goal setting, implementation, and evaluation.[57] They consider the social acceptance of AI system development and operation, company AI proficiency, and suggest reducing incident related harms on users by emphasizing prevention and early response.[57] These guidelines are practical and action-oriented, following Japan’s Social Principles on AI from 2019 which focus on ethics. In January 2021, METI released Ver. 1.0 of the guidelines, outlining AI trends overseas and locally. The current guidelines are the result of METI receiving public comment and holding meetings discussing Japan’s AI governance and how to operationalize the Social Principles.[58] Japan maintains the ethos that with a rapidly changing AI landscape, regulation can hamper innovation. METI concludes that the government should respect companies’ voluntary efforts for AI governance by providing nonbinding guidance.[59]
2022 March 1 China Internet Information Service Algorithmic Recommendation Management Provisions National Policy The Internet Information Service Algorithmic Recommendation Management Provisions goes into effect in China, regulating AI in the context of content recommendation technologies. The tech is defined as generation and synthesis, personalized push, sorting and selection, retrieval and filtering, and scheduling-related decision-making of content.[60] The regulations apply to service providers, who are now prohibited from offering different prices based on personal characteristics, promoting addictive content, manipulating traffic numbers, or pushing fake news.[61] Companies using AI-based personalized recommendations must now uphold user rights, protect minors, elders, and workers from harm, maintain transparency, and present information in line with mainstream socialist values.[62] Companies will face a warning and possibly a fine for noncompliance.[63]
2022 May International Quad AI International Organization The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, known as the Quad, releases the report “Assessing AI-related Collaboration between the United States, Australia, India, and Japan” as an effort to cooperate on critical and emerging technology and as an alternative to China’s techno-authoritarian development model (including surveillance and censorship).[64] The document aims to ensure that tech innovation is aligned with the Quad members’ shared democratic values and respect for human rights.[64] The Quad began as a loose partnership between the United States, Australia, India, and Japan after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami to provide humanitarian aid to the affected region. It fell dormant after Australian concerns about irritation to China.[65] The Quad was resurrected in 2017 and held its first formal summit in 2021. [66]
2023 January 10 China Deep Synthesis Provisions National Policy China implements Deep Synthesis Provisions to increase government supervision over those technologies, becoming one of the first countries to regulate deepfakes. The government defines Deep Synthesis as technology that utilizes generative and/or synthetic algorithms to produce text, audio, video, or scenes.[67] The Provisions define the redline for deepfake services, prohibiting companies with deepfake tech from disseminating illegal information and requiring a “Generated by AI” label.[68] The Provisions apply to service providers, tech supporters, users, or other entities involved in deepfake services, such as online app distribution platforms.[69] The services must also adhere to China’s political ideology. However, penalties for noncompliance are not explicitly stated.[70]
2023 June 15 International AI Governance Alliance (AIGA) Established International Organization The World Economic Forum launches the AI Governance Alliance (AIGA) to guide responsible development and deployment of AI systems.[71] The Alliance prioritizes safe systems and technology, promoting sustainable applications and transformation, and contributing to resilient governance and regulation.[72] Its members would be from industry, government, and civil society worldwide.
2023 July 12 United States Whitehouse Meets with AI Companies National Policy President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris host leading AI companies Amazon (company), Anthropic, Google, Inflection AI, Meta Platforms, Microsoft, and OpenAI at the Whitehouse and secure their voluntary commitments to prioritize safe, secure, and transparent AI development.[73] The companies promise to ensure product safety before public introduction, build secure systems, and earn public trust. Congress has yet to pass contemporary AI bills, so this voluntary, nonbinding agreement is the primary guidance around AI concerns.[74]
2023 August 15 China Generative AI Measures National Policy China affects its final version of Generative AI Measures, becoming one of the first countries to regulate generative artificial intelligence technology.[75] They require service transparency and focus on the privacy of pre-training data. These requirements apply to services offered to the people of China regardless of the provider’s location.[76] China also requires GenAI content to reflect socialist values, prohibiting content that can harm national interests or discriminate against Chinese citizens.[77] The Measures do not require users to provide their real identities while creating using GenAI, and they only apply to services offered to the public (as opposed to privately used tech).[78] The penalty for violating the Measures is a warning followed by a possible fine.[79]
2023 September 19 United States Anthropic’s Responsible Scaling Policy Company Policy Anthropic publishes its Responsible Scaling Policy (RSP) - a series of technical and organizational protocols to guide risk management and development of increasingly powerful AI systems.[80] The RSP delineates AI Safety Levels 1-4, loosely based on the US Governments biosafety levels, to address catastrophic risk.[80] Anthropic aims in part to create competition in the AI safety space by publishing the policy.[80] The Institute for AI Policy and Strategy offers critiques of Anthropic’s RSP. The institute states the risk thresholds should be based on absolute risk rather than relative risk, the risk level thresholds should be lower than Anthropic defines them, and Anthropic should outline when it will alert authorities of identified risks and commit to outside scrutiny and evaluations.[81]
2023 October 30 United States Executive Order 14110 National Policy Biden signs Executive Order 14110 titled Executive Order on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence. The Order establishes new standards for AI safety and security. It compels developers to share test results with the US government and create tools to ensure AI system safety, protects Americans from AI fraud and deception, sets up a cybersecurity program to develop AI tools and fix vulnerabilities, and orders the development of a national security memorandum that directs future AI security measures.[82] The Order also directs the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to develop standards for evaluation and red-teaming and to provide testing environments for AI systems. The general reaction to the bill is cautious optimism.[83] As Less Wrong blogger Zvi Mowshowitz reports, some worry that this is the first step in a slippery slope of heightened regulation that could dampen innovation and development.[84] A complete timeline and outlook of the Executive Order can be found here.[85]
2023 November 1 – 2 International AI Safety Summit International Policy The first AI Safety Summit is held at Bletchley Park, Milton Keynes in the United Kingdom. It leads to an agreement known as the Bletchley Declaration by the 28 countries participating in the summit, including the United States, United Kingdom, China, and the European Union.[86] It receives some commentary on LessWrong, viewing it as a partial step in the right direction,[87] including a lengthy blog post by Zvi Mowshowitz, a frequent commentator on AI developments from an AI safety lens.[88]
2023 November 1 United States AI Safety Institute Organization United States Vice President Kamala Harris announces the US AI Safety Institute (USAISI) at the AI Safety Summit in the United Kingdom. The launch of USAISI builds on Biden's executive order of two days ago (October 30).[89]
2023 November 2 United Kingdom AI Safety Institute Organization The United Kingdom government announces the launch of the UK AI Safety Institute. The UK AI Safety Institute is to be formed from the Frontier AI Taskforce, which in turn had previously been called the Foundation Model Taskforce. Ian Hogarth serves as its chair.[90]
2023 December 4 Singapore National AI Strategy Update National Policy Singapore releases updated strategy “AI for the Public Good For Singapore and the World” in response to technological developments since it’s 2019 strategy, offering broader coverage, more concrete goals, and a shifting rhetoric from nice to necessary to have.[91] The Strategy’s main goals are excellence and empowerment. The core differences from Singapore’s last strategy are moving from opportunity to necessity, local to global, and projects to systems.[92] The strategy suggests directing efforts to three systems via ten enablers: Activity Drivers (industry, government, research), People and Communities (talent, capabilities, placemaking), and Infrastructure and Environment (compute, data, trusted environment, leading thought and action).[92] The Ministry of Communications and Information (MCI), Smart Nation, and The Topos Institute would be hosting the inaugural Singapore Conference on AI in the following days, hosting experts from academia, industry, and government to discuss critical AI questions.[92] Singapore shows little indication of setting hard rules for AI, opting to promote responsible AI practices through collaborative initiatives.[93] Singapore would rank high in leading AI hubs such as the AI Government Readiness Index (2023), The Global AI Index (2023), and the Asia Pacific AI Readiness Index (2023).[94] Singapore would later announce that it would invest more than S$1 billion or US$743 million into AI over the next five years in the 2024 National Budget.[95]
2023 December 9 European Union Artificial Intelligence Act International Policy The European Council and European Parliment reach a provisional agreement on the Artificial Intelligence Act. The Act should go into effect in 2026.[45]
2023 December 17 Israel AI Ethics Policy National Policy Israel releases its first-ever comprehensive AI ethics policy via the collaborative effort between the Ministry of Innovation, Science, and Technology, The Office of Legal Counsel and Legislative Affairs, and the Ministry of Justice.[96] The innovation policy identifies challenges in private sector use of AI (discrimination, human oversight, explainability, disclosure of AI interactions, safety, accountability, and privacy). It suggests collaborative development, aligning policy principles with the OECD AI recommendations, and responsible innovation.[96] The document also recommends fortifying human-centric innovation, policy coordination, internal collaboration, tools for responsible AI, and public participation.[96] The document outlines a responsible innovation policy. Israel is not expected to enact an AI policy; instead, it will opt for guidelines in hopes that regulation will not impede global positioning.[97]
2023 December 18 United States OpenAI Publishes Preparedness Framework Company Policy OpenAI releases its “Preparedness Framework,” a living document positing that a “robust approach to AI catastrophic risk safety requires proactive, science-based determinations of when and how it is safe to proceed with development and deployment.”[98] The elements of the framework include tracking catastrophic risk with evaluations, seeking out unknown-unknowns, establishing safety baselines, tasking preparedness teams with on-the-ground-work, and creating a cross-functional advisory board.[99] This document is released a few months after Anthropic’s RSP. Safer AI comments on OpenAI’s improvements to Anthropic’s safety document, including calling for more safety tests, allowing the board to veto CEO decisions, adding risk identification and analysis, and forecasting risks.[99] Elements included in the RSP that were not in the Preparedness Framework are a commitment to publicizing results of evaluation, incident reporting mechanisms, and detailed commitments for infosecurity and cybersecurity.[99]
2024 January 17 International AIGA Releases AI Guidelines International Policy At the 2024 annual World Economic Forum in Davos, the AIGA, in collaboration with IBM Consulting and Accenture, releases three reports on AI regulation and governance.[100] “Presidio AI Framework: Towards Safe Generative AI Models,” “Unlocking Value from Generative AI: Guidance for Responsible Transformation,” and “Generative AI Governance: Shaping Our Collective Global Future,” aim to address the digital divide and to apply and mobilize AI resources in sectors like healthcare and education.[101]
2024 February 8 United States US AI Safety Institute Consortium Organization US Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo announces "the creation of the US AI Safety Institute Consortium (AISIC), which will unite AI creators and users, academics, government and industry researchers, and civil society organizations in support of the development and deployment of safe and trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI)." AISIC is to be housed under the US AI Safety Institute, and includes over 200 member organizations.[102] The member organizations were recruited through a notice published the Federal Register asking interested organizations to submit a letter of interest over a period of 75 days (between November 2, 2023, and January 15, 2024).[103][104]
2024 March 7 (anticipation), April 16 (official announcement) United States AI Safety Institute Leadership Organization US Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo announces additional members of the executive leadership of the US AI Safety Institute (AISI); one of these is Paul Christiano as head of AI safety.[105] A month prior, when there was anticipation of this appointment VentureBeat had reported dissatisfaction with the idea of appointing Christiano, from "employees who fear that Christiano’s association with [effective alturism] and longtermism could compromise the institute’s objectivity and integrity."[106][107]
2024 April 8 France French Data Protection Publishes Recommendation on AI National Policy The French data protection authority Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), publicizes its recommendation on AI, requesting public consultation and comments.[108] The recommendations focus on the developmental phase of AI systems, aiming to guide developers who process personal data in the context of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).[109] The CNIL encourages developers to understand why they are developing systems, rely on legal bases, ensure their rights to reuse personal data, conduct impact assessments, minimize data, and plan data lifecycles.[110] The CINL asserts the importance of caution regarding data scraping for model training, open-source AI models, human rights, and the application of the GDPR to AI models trained with personal data.[108]
2024 May 21 European Union Artificial Intelligence Act International Policy The European Council approves the Artificial Intelligence Act.[45] This Act is the first of its kind and operates within a risk-based approach - the higher the risk to society, the stricter the rules.
2024 July 19 African Union African Union Executive Council: Continental AI Strategy International Policy The Executive Council of the African Union endorses the Continental AI Strategy, a commitment to an Africa-centric development approach to AI.[111] The Strategy provides a unified approach while encouraging African countries to develop contextually specific national AI policies.[111] The 5-year implementation plan includes supporting African Union member states in creating national AI strategies, fostering AI talent in Africa, nurturing AI partnerships and investments, adopting AI in priority sectors, building AI infrastructure, promoting research, and developing legal frameworks.[111] Benin, Egypt, Ghana, Mauritius, Rwanda, Senegal, and Tunisia all have National AI Strategies.[112]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Government AI Readiness Index 2023|". oxfordinsights.com. 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2024. 
  2. ↑ {{cite web |title=Global AI Index 2024| |url=https://www.tortoisemedia.com/intelligence/global-ai/#rankings%7Cwebsite=tortoisemedia.com |access-date=23 October 2023 |language=en |date=2024}
  3. ↑ {{cite web |title=Top 10 Countries Leading in AI Research & Technology in 2024| |url=https://www.techopedia.com/top-10-countries-leading-in-ai-research-technology%7Cwebsite=techopedia.com |access-date=23 October 2023 |language=en |date=2024}
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Canada is a global AI leader|". cifar.ca. 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2024. 
  5. ↑ "Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy|". dig.watch. June 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2024. 
  6. ↑ "China issues guideline on artificial intelligence development|". english.gov.cn. 20 July 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2024. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "National strategies on Artificial Intelligence A European perspective in 2019|" (PDF). knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu. 25 February 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2024. 
  8. ↑ Bareis, Jascha; Katzenbach, Christian (29 November 2018). "Global AI race: States aiming for the top". hiig.de. Retrieved 11 October 2024. 
  9. ↑ Bareis, Jascha; Katzenbach, Christian (29 November 2018). "Global AI race: States aiming for the top". hiig.de. Retrieved 11 October 2024. 
  10. ↑ Bareis, Jascha; Katzenbach, Christian (29 November 2018). "Global AI race: States aiming for the top". hiig.de. Retrieved 11 October 2024. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "France AI Strategy Report"|". ai-watch.ec.europa.eu. 1 September 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2024. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "What is GDPR|". GDPR.EU. Retrieved 28 August 2024. 
  13. ↑ "The EU General Data Protection Regulation|". HRW.org. 6 June 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2024. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence #AIForAll (2018) Overview of the strategy|". datagovhub.elliott.gwu. 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2024. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "National Strategy for AI|" (PDF). niti.gov.in. June 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2024. 
  16. ↑ "California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)|". oag.ca.gov. Retrieved 30 August 2024. 
  17. ↑ Ocampo, Danielle (June 2024). "CCPA and the EU AI ACT". calawyers.org. Retrieved 30 August 2024. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Germany AI Strategy Report|". ai-watch.ec. 21 September 2024. Retrieved 11 October 2024. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Artificial Intelligence Strategy AI - a brand for Germany|". bundesregierung.de. 15 November 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2024. 
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