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=== Cost ===
Alcor and the Cryonics Institute are the main cryonics providers that have existed for decades. {{efn|<ref group=note>Trans Time has also existed for a long time, but they haven't always been offering cryonics services, and only have 3 patients in storage. The American Cryonics Society has also existed for a long time, but they contract with other cryonics providers.}} </ref> Alcor has been adjusting their prices according to the Consumer Price Index (which has been lower than medical inflation), while the Cryonics Institute has maintained their initial price. The first graph below shows the [[wikipedia:Real versus nominal value (economics)|nominal cost]] charged by the organisation, while the second graph shows the [[wikipedia:Real versus nominal value (economics)|real cost]] (that is inflation adjusted) of various cryonics services.
While the graphs start in 1976, it is worth nothing that before 1982, Alcor was contracting Trans Time for its storage services, and the Institute for Advanced Biological Studies for its stabilization services. Also, beside Ettinger's mother and wife, the first patient of the Cryonics Institute was preserved in 1991.
| 1961 || cryobiology || technological development || cryoprotection || Lovelock, Bishop || By 1961 the work of Lovelock and Bishop is rapidly extended to other animal sperm, including human sperm, and glycerol is also shown to be an effective cryoprotectant for both red cells and many nucleated mammalian cells.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1027485685|title=Biological effects of freezing and supercooling|last=Ursula|first=Smith, Audrey|oclc=1027485685}}</ref>
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| 1962 || reanimatology || writing || book || Vladimir A. Negovsky || Vladimir A. Negovsky publishes his landmark book, "Resuscitation and Artificial Hypothermia".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Resuscitation and Artificial Hypothermia (USSR)|last=Negovsky|first=Vladimir|publisher=Consultants Bureau|year=1962|isbn=|location=New York|pages=}}</ref><references><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Safar|first=Peter|date=2001-06|title=Vladimir A. Negovsky the father of ‘reanimatology’|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9572(01)00356-2|journal=Resuscitation|volume=49|issue=3|pages=223–229|doi=10.1016/s0300-9572(01)00356-2|issn=0300-9572}}</ref>
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| 1962 || cryonics || writing || non-fiction || Evan Cooper || Evan Cooper publishes "Immortality: Physically, Scientifically, Now" under the pseudonym Nathan Duhring.<ref name="cryonics9208">{{Cite journal|last=Perry|first=Michael|date=August 1992|title=Unity and Disunity in Cryonics|url=https://www.alcor.org/cryonics/cryonics9208.txt|journal=Cryonics|volume=13|issue=145|pages=5|via=}}</ref> He coins the immortal "freeze, wait, reanimate" slogan.<ref name="cryonet23124">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cryonet.org/cgi-bin/dsp.cgi?msg=23124|title=Ev Cooper|website=www.cryonet.org|access-date=2019-01-21}}</ref><ref name="EvCooperClassic">{{Cite web|url=https://www.biostasis.com/ev-coopers-cryonics-classic-published-online/|title=Ev Cooper's cryonics classic published online – Biostasis|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-21}}</ref>
==Notes and references===== Notes ==={{reflist|group=note}} === References ===
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